Paramilitary forces of China
Theparamilitary forces of Chinaare the military units and formations apart from thePeople's Liberation Army,the principal military force of thePeople's Republic of China.They are composed of three main forces, thePeople's Liberation Armyreserve force,thePeople's Armed Police(PAP), and theMilitia,and they act as auxiliaries to the active forces of thePeople's Liberation Army.They generally perform a wide range of roles. All together, the paramilitary has 98,854,000 troops, as of 2018.[1]
People's Armed Police
[edit]The People's Armed Police Force[2][a]is a Chinese paramilitary organization[3]: 121 primarily responsible forinternal security,riot control,counter-terrorism,disaster response,law enforcementandmaritime rights protection[4]as well as providing support to thePeople's Liberation Army(PLA) during wartime.[5]: 87
Unlike the civilianPeople's Police,[b]the PAP[c]is a specialized paramilitary force reporting directly to theCentral Military Commission(CMC). PAP officers and soldiers weardark olive greenuniforms, different frompine greenuniforms of thePeople's Liberation Army Ground Force(PLAGF) or the light blue and black uniforms of the People's Police.Militia
[edit]People's Liberation Army Reserve Force
[edit]The 1984 Military Service Law stipulated the combination of the militia and the reserve service system.Military trainingfor senior middle-school and college and university students commenced in 1984 as China sought to provide additional qualified reserve service officers. The reserve force consisted primarily of the militia and was organized into reserve-service divisions and regiments.
In 1987 China began to make reference to the National Defense Reserve Force, which apparently consisted of reserve soldiers (including all militia,demobilizedsoldiers, and specialized technical personnel registered forreserve service) and reserve officers (including demobilized officers and soldiers assigned to reserve officer service, college and university graduates, and civilian officials and specialized technicians). TheReserve,as of 2016, is made up of 510,000 reserve personnel of all ranks.
Production and Construction Corps
[edit]TheXin gian g Production and Construction Corps(XJBT; Tân Cương sinh sản xây dựng binh đoàn; Tân Cương binh đoàn ), also known as Bingtuan ( "The Corps" ), trading with theexternal nameChina Xin gian g Group,[9]is astate-owned enterpriseand paramilitary organization in China'sXin gian g Uyghur Autonomous Region.
The XJBT was established in 1954 under the orders ofMao Zedong,and developed sparsely populated areas in its early decades, taking the model of the traditionaltuntiansystem of setting military units in frontier areas. The XJBT was severely damaged during theCultural Revolution,and was outright abolished in 1975, before being re-established in 1981, partly due to theSoviet-Afghan War.It re-established its economic dominance over Xin gian g afterwards, also being responsible for maintenance against the "three evils"(separatism, religious extremism, and terrorism). In its history, the XJBT has built farms, towns, and cities, provided land and employment to disbanded military units, and re-settledHanmigrants from other parts of China in what has been called a campaign ofassimilation.See also
[edit]
- Central Military Commission (China)
- List of countries by number of total troops
- Paramilitary forces of India
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^"China's Armed Forces, CSIS (Page 24)"(PDF).2006-07-25. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on June 11, 2010.
- ^"Military Services – Ministry of National Defense".eng.mod.gov.cn.Retrieved2024-04-20.
- ^Sun, Ivan Y.; Wu, Yuning (December 2009). "The Role of the People's Armed Police in Chinese Policing".Asian Journal of Criminology.4(2): 107–128.doi:10.1007/s11417-008-9059-y.ISSN1871-0131.S2CID143891785.
- ^"Top legislature passes armed police law".China Daily.2009-08-27.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-08-31.Retrieved2019-10-04.
- ^Blasko, Dennis J. (2006).The Chinese Army today: tradition and transformation for the 21st century(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.ISBN0415770025.OCLC68694731.
- ^abLaw of the People's Republic of China on National DefenceArchived15 June 2019 at theWayback Machine,Article 22: "The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China are composed of the active and reserve forces of theChinese People's Liberation Army,theChinese People's Armed Police Forceand the Militia.... The Militia, under the command of military organs, shoulders the tasks of preparations against war and defence operations and assists in maintaining public order. "
- ^Regulation on Militia Work (2011 Revision), Article 2: "The militia is an armed organization composed of the people not released from their regular work under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is a part of the armed forces of the People's Republic of China and is an assistant and reserve force for the Chinese People's Liberation Army."
- ^Military Service Law of the People's Republic of ChinaArchived2 July 2019 at theWayback Machine,Chapter VI The Militia, Article 36: "The militia is an armed organization of the masses not divorced from production and is an assisting and reserve force for the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The tasks of the militia are:... "
- ^"Establishment, Development and Role of the Xin gian g Production and Construction Corps".China Internet Information Center.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved31 October2010.
Sources
[edit]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Country Studies.Federal Research Division.[1]
Further reading
[edit]- Andy Bunk.ForgottenA look at the changing roles of the Chinese militia system in the Communist era from its inception to the present.
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