Parictis
| Parictis Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | †Subparictidae |
| Genus: | †Parictis Scott, 1893 |
| Type species | |
| †Parictis primaevus | |
| Species | |
| |
Parictisis an extinctarctoidbelonging to the familySubparictidae.
Taxonomy & evolution[edit]
It was originally described as a new genus and speciesParietis princeousofmustelidby Scott in 1893, for a single specimen, a mandible fragment with two anterior molars.[1]An alternative name and spelling,?Parictis princeps,was proposed in 1894;[2]and in 1904 both the genus and species name were declared to be in error and the nameParictis primaevuswas assigned.[3]
Parictis bathygenuswas described in 1947, but it was considered a different genus by 1958, and a synonym ofCyneloscaroniavorusby 1976.[4][5]
Another species was described in 1954 asCampylocynodon personi,[6]and was reassigned to the genusParictisin 1967.[7]AndParictis majorwas described during a review of the genus in 1972.[8]
The genus as a whole was placed within various families, includingCanidaeby Hall in 1931 andUrsidaeby Hunt in 1998.[9][10]It is placed within the familySubparictidaeas of 2023.[11]
Description[edit]
It was a very small and gracefularctoidwith a skull only 7 cm long.Parictisfirst appeared inNorth Americain the LateEocene(around 38 million years ago), but it did not arrive in Eurasia until theMiocene.[12]Some suggest thatParictismay have emigrated from Asia into North America during the major sea level low about 37mya,because of the continued evolution of theAmphicynodontinaeinto theHemicyoninaein Asia.[13]Although noParictisfossils have been found inEast Asia,Parictisdoes appear in Eurasia and Africa, but not until the Miocene.[12]
References[edit]
- ^Scott, W. B. (1893). "On a new musteline from the John Day Miocene".American Naturalist.27:658–659.
- ^Lyddeker, R. (1894). "II. Mammalia".The Zoological Record.30:29.
- ^Hay, O.P. (1902). "Bibliography and catalogue of fossil Vertebrata of North America".Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey.179:767.
- ^Olsen, Stanley J. (1958). "Some problematical carnivores from the Florida Miocene".Journal of Paleontology.32(3): 595–602.JSTOR1300686.
- ^Tedford, Richard H.; Frailey, David (1976).Review of some Carnivora (Mammalia) from the Thomas Farm local fauna (Hemingfordian, Gilchrist County, Florida)(PDF).American Museum Novitates; no. 2610. New York: American Museum of Natural History. p. 2.
- ^Chaffee, Robert G. (1954). "Campylocynodon personi, a New Oligocene Carnivore from the Beaver Divide, Wyoming".Journal of Paleontology.28(1): 43–46.JSTOR1300205.
- ^Clark, J.; Beerbower, J. R. (1967). "Geology, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology of the Chadron Formation".Fieldiana.5(5): 21–74.
- ^Clark, J.; Guensburg, T. E. (1972)."Arctoid genetic characters as related to the genusParictis".Fieldiana: Geology.26:1–71.doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3434.
- ^Hall, E. Raymond (1931). "Description of a New Mustelid from the Later Tertiary of Oregon, with Assignment of Parictis primaevus to the Canidae".Journal of Mammalogy.12(2): 156–158.doi:10.2307/1373915.JSTOR1373915.
- ^Hunt, R. M. Jr. (1998). "Ursidae". In Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen M.; Jacobs, Louis L. (eds.).Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, volume 1: Terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195.ISBN978-0-521-35519-3.
- ^Wang, Xiaoming; Emry, Robert J.; Boyd, Clint A.; Person, Jeff J.; White, Stuart C.; Tedford, Richard H. (2022)."An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (Nov. Gen. Et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (Early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.42:1–123.Bibcode:2022JVPal..42S...1W.doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900.S2CID259025727.
- ^abKemp, T. S. (2005).The Origin and Evolution of Mammals.Oxford University Press. p. 260.ISBN978-0-19-850760-4.
- ^Several students (Erdbrink 1953, Kurten 1966, Mitchell and Tedford 1973, Thenius 1979) suggested that the evolutionary line between the canid subfamily Amphicynodontinae and the ursid subfamily Hemicyoninae was through the genera Cephalogale and Ursavus.McLellan, Bruce & Reiner, David C. (1994). "A review of bear evolution". In Claar, James J.; et al. (eds.).Bears: Their Biology and Management: Ninth International Conference on Bear Research and Management.International Association for Bear Research and Management. pp. 85–96.ISBN978-0-944740-04-0.
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