Parliamentary Labour Party

This article is about the UK Parliamentary Labour to Party. For Parliamentary Labour Party in Ireland, seeParliamentary Labour Party (Ireland).For the defunct Australian political party, seeParliamentary Labor Party.

TheParliamentary Labour Party(PLP) is theparliamentary groupof theLabour Partyin the BritishHouse of Commons.The group comprises the Labour members of parliament as a collective body.Commentators on theBritish Constitutionsometimes draw a distinction between the Labour Party (which was created outside Parliament and later achieved office) and theConservativeandLiberalparties (which began as parliamentary factions). The term Parliamentary Labour Party refers to the party in Parliament, whereas the term Labour Party refers to the entire Labour Party, the parliamentary element of which is the PLP.

A similar body for the Conservative Party is the1922 Committee.

An organisation for former members, thePLP in exile,was established after the2010 general election.

Role

The PLP holds regular meetings behind closed doors to question the Leader and to discuss its concerns.

Labour MPs elect three of their number to Labour'sNational Executive Committee.

Originally, the Leader of the Labour Party was elected by the PLP. Now, however, the party operates on aone member, one votesystem, where all members are awarded a single vote, as well as affiliated organizations (trade unionsandsocialist societies) and temporary registered supporters.Instant-runoff voting(the "Alternative Vote" ) is used to conduct the election. Labour MPs retain the power to trigger an extraordinary or "special"Labour Party Conferenceto choose a new leader if they lose confidence in their existing leader.

Chair

The Chair of the PLP chairs meetings of the Parliamentary party. They are elected by Labour MPs at the start of each annual session of Parliament. By tradition, only elections at the start of each Parliament, following ageneral election,are competitive.

From 1921 to 1970, the Chair of the PLP was also the leader of the party as a whole (before 1921, leadership of the party was arguably split between the Chairman of the PLP, theGeneral Secretaryand theParty Chairman). When the leaders of the Labour Party joined coalition governments during theFirstandSecond World Wars,an acting chair was appointed to lead the rump of the party in Opposition. When the Party was in government, a liaison committee was elected to facilitate communications between the cabinet and Labourbackbenchers– the chair of this committee also chaired meetings of the PLP as a whole during these periods. In 1970, the positions of Leader of the Labour Party and Chair of the PLP were permanently split.

• Keir Hardie(1906–1908)
• Arthur Henderson(1908–1910)
• George Barnes(1910–11)
• Ramsay MacDonald(1911–1914)
• Arthur Henderson(1914–1917)
  • John Hodge(1915–16) – in opposition
  • George Wardle(1916–17) – in opposition
• William Adamson(1917–1921)
• J. R. Clynes(1921–22)
• Ramsay MacDonald(1922–1931)
  • Robert Smillie(1924) – Liaison Committee
  • Harry Snell(1929–30) – Liaison Committee
  • James Barr(1930–31) – Liaison Committee
• Arthur Henderson(1931)
• George Lansbury(1931–1935)
• Clement Attlee(1935–1955)
  • Hastings Lees-Smith(1940–1941) – in opposition
  • Frederick Pethick-Lawrence(1942) – in opposition
  • Arthur Greenwood(1942–1945) – in opposition
  • Neil Maclean(1945–46) – Liaison Committee
  • Maurice Webb(1946–1950) – Liaison Committee
  • Glenvil Hall(1950–51) – Liaison Committee
• Hugh Gaitskell(1955–1963)
• Harold Wilson(1963–1970)
  • Emanuel Shinwell(1964–1967) – Liaison Committee
  • Douglas Houghton(1967–1970) – Liaison Committee
• Douglas Houghton(1970–1974)
• Ian Mikardo(1974)
• Cledwyn Hughes(1974–1979)
• Fred Willey(1979–1981)
• Jack Dormand(1981–1987)
• Stanley Orme(1987–1992)
• Doug Hoyle(1992–1997)
• Clive Soley(1997–2001)
• Jean Corston(2001–2005)
• Ann Clwyd(2005–2006)
• Tony Lloyd(2006–2012)
• David Watts(2012–2015)
• John Cryer(2015–2024)
• Jessica Morden(2024-present)

Other roles and groups

There is also a deputy chair.

Other groups have been established within the PLP, such as the Women's PLP and the LGBT+ PLP.

Labour and Co-operativeMPs form part of the PLP, though they also meet (together with Labour Co-op members of the House of Lords) as the Co-operative Parliamentary Group, which has its own chair.

See also

• Conservative Private Members' Committee
• Parliamentary group