Partindo
Indonesia Party Partai Indonesia | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | Partindo |
Chairman | Sartono |
Founded | April 1931, August 1958 |
Dissolved | 1936, 1966 |
Preceded by | Indonesian National Party |
Newspaper | Bintang Timur |
Membership(1933) | 20,000 |
Ideology | Nationalism |
TheIndonesia Party(Indonesian:Partai Indonesia), better known asPartindo,was a nationalist political party inIndonesiathat existed before independence and was revived in 1957 as a leftist party.
Pre-independence party
[edit]In 1927, future Indonesian presidentSukarnoestablished the pro-independenceIndonesian National Party(PNI). Two years later, the concernedDutch East Indiesadministration arrested and jailed Sukarno, and the PNI was banned. At the end of April 1931, Sartono, a former leading figure in the PNI, established the Indonesia Party (Partindo). It attracted the majority of the PNI membership and campaigned for Indonesian independence from the Dutch but was less radical than the PNI. A number of former PNI members refused to work with Partindo, and established the Indonesian National Education Club. When he was released from prison at the end of 1931, Sukarno tried to bring the two organizations together, but failed and he eventually joined Partindo. The party expanded rapidly, from 3,000 members in 1932 to reach 20,000 by the middle of 1933. As a result of his continuing pro-independence activism, Sukarno was arrested and exiled without charge, and in 1936 Partindo dissolved itself.[1][2][3]
Revival
[edit]Following splits in the post-independence PNI, a number of leading party members, including Winoto Danuasmoro and Wianrno Danuatmdjo, decided to establish a new Partindo, choosing the name for symbolic reasons as the original Partindo had also emerged from the PNI. Its membership came from the PNI and from people who associated the party with President Sukarno. Partindo espoused the same ideology as the PNI,Marhaenism,which the party leaders stated was "Marxismadjusted to Indonesian conditions ". The party newspaper wasBintang Timur(Star of the East)[4][5]By the beginning of the 1960s, having failed to expand or broaden its membership base, the party had come under the influence of theCommunist Party of Indonesia(PKI). Some PKI members joined Partindo, and gradually took control of the leadership. In August 1964, Sukarno reshuffled hiscabinetto bring it into line with the policies outlined in his"Year of Living Dangerously"independence day speech, and Partindo member Sutomo Martopradoto was appointed Minister of Labor.[6][7]Following the 1965 coup attempt by the30 September Movement,which was blamed on the PKI, Sukarno transferred authority to GeneralSuhartoon11 March 1966.Suharto used his new powers to ban the PKI, and shortly after, the Partindo offices in Jakarta in Surabaya were taken over and the party itself was banned because of its pro-communist stance.[8][9]
Notes
[edit]- ^Kahin 1952,pp. 90–94.
- ^Lev 2009,p. 181.
- ^Ricklefs 2008,pp. 313–318.
- ^Lev 2009,pp. 181–182.
- ^Poulgrain 1998,p. 266.
- ^Lev 2009,p. 183.
- ^Jones 1971,p. 347.
- ^Steenbrink 2015,p. 421.
- ^Jones 1971,p. 398.
References
[edit]- Jones, Howard Palfrey(1971).Indonesia: The Possible Dream.Singapore: Mas Aju (S) Pte.
- Kahin, George McTurnan(1952).Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia.Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.ISBN0-8014-9108-8.
- Lev, Daniel S.(2009) [1966].The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics 1957–1959.Asia: Equinox Publishing.ISBN978-602-8397-40-7.
- Poulgrain, Greg (1998).The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, 1945-1965.C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 266.ISBN978-1-85065-513-8.
- Ricklefs, M.C.(2008) [1981],A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200(4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan,ISBN978-0-230-54686-8
- Steenbrink, Karel (2015).Catholics in Independent Indonesia: 1945-2010.BRILL.ISBN9789004285422.