Pace (unit)
Apaceis aunitoflengthconsisting either of one normalwalkingstep (approximately 0.75 metres or 30 inches), or of a double step, returning to the same foot (approximately 1.5 metres or 60 inches). The normal pace length decreases with age and some health conditions.[1]The word "pace" is also used for units inverse to speed, used mainly for walking and running, commonlyminutes per kilometer.[2]
The word "pace" is also used to translate similar formal units in other systems of measurement.Pacingis also used as an informal measure insurveying,with the "pace" equal to two of the surveyor's steps reckoned through comparison with astandard rodorchain.
Standardized units[edit]
Like other traditional measurements, the pace started as an informalunit of length,but was later standardized, often with the specific length set according to a typical brisk or militarymarchingstride.
In the United States the pace is an uncommoncustomary unitof length denoting a brisk singlestepand equal to2+1⁄2feetor 30.0inchesor 76.2centimetres.[3][4]
TheAncient Roman pace(Latin:passus) was notionally the distance of a full stride from the position of one heel where it raised off of the ground to where it set down again at the end of the step: two steps, one by each foot. UnderMarcus Vipsanius Agrippa,it was standardized as the distance of twosteps(gradūs) or fiveRoman feet(pedes), about 1.48 meters or 4 feet 10 inches. One thousand paces were described simply asmille passusorpassuum,now known as aRoman mile;this is the origin of the English term "mile".
TheByzantinepace (Greek:βῆμα,bḗma) was an adaption of the Roman step, a distance of 2½Greek feet.[7]Thedouble pace(βῆμα διπλοῦν,bḗma diploûn), meanwhile, was similar to the Roman unit, comprising 5 Greek feet.
TheWelshpace (Welsh:cam) was reckoned as 3Welsh feetof 9inchesand thus may be seen as similar to theEnglishyard: 3 paces made up aleapand 9000 aWelsh mile.
See also[edit]
- Anthropic units
- Bematist
- Roman&Byzantine units
- English&Welsh units
- Pacing in surveying
- Pace count beads
- Horse gait
References[edit]
- ^Morio, Yuji; Izawa, Kazuhiro; Omori, Yoshitsugu; Katata, Hironobu; Ishiyama, Daisuke; Koyama, Shingo; Yamano, Yoshihisa (2019)."The Relationship between Walking Speed and Step Length in Older Aged Patients".Diseases.7(1): 17.doi:10.3390/diseases7010017.ISSN2079-9721.PMC6473831.PMID30717332.
- ^Differences - "Pace" vs. "Speed"
- ^"Appendix G: Weights and Measures",The World Factbook,Washington:Central Intelligence Agency,2013
- ^U.S. Army Map Reading and Navigation,p. 5.8, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009ISBN1-60239-702-3.
- ^Schilbach, Erich,Byzantinische Metrologie.(in German)
- ^Ménage, V.L. (1973), "Reviews: Speros Vryonis, Jr.:The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century.",Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,vol. 36, No. 3, University of London, pp. 659–661,JSTOR613605
- ^Schilbach,[5]cited by Ménage.[6]
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