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Pauline Hanson's One Nation
Abbreviation
PresidentPauline Hanson
General SecretaryDamian Huxham
FounderPauline Hanson
Founded11 April 1997;27 years ago(1997-04-11)
Registered27 June 1997[3]
Headquarters17/109 Holt St,Eagle Farm,Brisbane,Queensland
Ideology
Political positionRight-wingtofar-right[5][4][6]
ColoursOrange
House of Representatives
0 / 151
Senate
2 / 76
State and territory lower houses[b]
1 / 465
State and territory upper houses[b]
4 / 155
Website
onenation.org.au
Seats inlocal government
Brighton(Tas.)[7]
1 / 9
Clarence(Tas.)[8]
1 / 12
Lake Macquarie(NSW)[9]
1 / 13
Victor Harbor(SA)[10]
1 / 10
Mackay(Qld.)[11]
1 / 11
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Pauline Hanson
  • Member forOxley(1996–1998)

Elections as Leader

Pauline Hanson's signature

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Pauline Hanson's One Nation(PHONorONP), also known asOne NationorOne Nation Party,is aright-wing populistpolitical party in Australia.It is led byPauline Hanson.

One Nation was founded in 1997, bymember of parliamentPauline Hanson and her advisorsDavid EttridgeandDavid Oldfieldafter Hanson was disendorsed as a federal candidate for theLiberal Party of Australia.The disendorsement came before the1996 federal electionfollowing comments she made aboutIndigenous Australians.[12]Oldfield, a councillor onManly Councilin suburbanSydneyand at one time an employee of Liberal ministerTony Abbott,was the organisational architect of the party.[13]Hanson sat as anindependentfor one year before forming Pauline Hanson's One Nation.

One Nation had electoral success in the late 1990s, before suffering an extended decline after 2001. Nevertheless, One Nation has had a profound impact on debates onmulticulturalismandimmigration in Australia.[14]Following Hanson's return as leader and the2016 federal election,the party gained four seats in theSenate,including one for Hanson herself, in Queensland.

Arguing that other political parties are out of touch with mainstream Australia, One Nation runs on a broadly populist and nationalist platform. It promises to drastically reduce immigration and to abolish "divisive and discriminatory policies... attached toAboriginaland multicultural affairs ", condemning multiculturalism as a" threat to the very basis of the Australian culture, identity and shared values ". During its inception, One Nation rallied againstLiberalandLaborimmigration and multicultural policies which, it argued, were leading to "the Asianisation of Australia."[15]

The party denounceseconomic rationalismandglobalisation.Adopting strongprotectionistpolicies, One Nation advocates the restoration of importtariffs,a revival of Australia'smanufacturingindustry, and an increase in support for small business and the rural sector.[16]One Nation's policies and platform have been characterised asracistandxenophobicby critics.[14]

History

1997: One Nation founded

One Nation leaderPauline Hanson

Shortly after being elected to federal parliament, Hanson formed the One Nation party with co-founders David Oldfield and David Ettridge. During the formative days of One Nation, Oldfield was employed by Liberal Party backbench MP Tony Abbott as a political advisor.[12]One Nation was launched on 11 April 1997, at an event held inIpswich, Queensland.[17]The party was officially registered by theAustralian Electoral Commission(AEC) on 27 June.[18]

1998: First elections

Percentage of first preference votes for One Nation in each electorate.

The1998 Queensland state electionproduced One Nation's greatest electoral success, with the ALP winning 44 seats to be the largest party in the Assembly, the Coalition winning 32 seats and One Nation winning 11 seats. During the campaign, polling for One Nation lead to commentators saying One Nation might secure the balance of power in a hung parliament.[19]During the campaign, all three major political parties suffered a decline in voter support due to One Nation having entered the fray. The National Party saw an 11.1% drop in support, their Liberal Party coalition partners lost 6.7% and Labor's vote dropped 4.0%.[19]To the surprise of many pundits, the One Nation Party received 22.7% of the first preference vote, giving them the second largest voter turnout for any party in Queensland during the 1998 election. One Nation drew the majority of its support from regional and rural Queensland, winning nine of its 11 seats in rural and regional electorates.[19]Subsequently, the One Nation contingent in the Queensland Parliament split, with dissident members forming the rivalCity-Country Alliancein late 1999.[20]

At the1998 federal election,Hanson contested the new seat ofBlairafter a redistribution effectively split Oxley in half. Hanson lost toLiberalcandidateCameron Thompson,and the One Nation candidate in Oxley lost the seat to ALP candidateBernie Ripoll.[21]One Nation candidateHeather Hillwas elected as a senator for Queensland. Hill's eligibility to sit as a senator was successfully challenged inSue v Hillunder theAustralian Constitutionon the basis that she had failed to renounce her childhood British citizenship, despite being a naturalised Australian citizen. The seat went to the party'sLen Harrisfollowing a recount.[22]

Political scientistsIan McAllisterand Clive Bean, in an analysis of the 1998 federal election, found that although it was assumed that One Nation supporters came from a traditionally conservative demographic, instead:

"in a number of significant respects it in fact tends more towardsLabor'sprofile instead. One Nation support, for example, comes disproportionately from manual workers, trade union members, those who describe themselves as working class, the less well educated, men and people who never attend church – a list of characteristics which comes close to defining the archetypal Labor voter… [The evidence] suggests that it is Labor-style voters in rural areas – rather than the much more predominantly urban Labor voter – who are chiefly attracted to One Nation "[23]

Within a year of One Nation's electoral success, three of the 11 Queensland MPs elected had quit the party claiming the leadership had too much control over the party.[12]

Internal disputes and claims of corruption

The party was affected by internal divisions and has split several times. Lawsuits involving ex-members did eventually force Hanson to repay approximately $500,000 of public funding won at the 1998 Queensland election amid claims by Abbott that the party was fraudulently registered. Abbott established a trust fund called "Australians for Honest Politics Trust" to help bankroll civil court cases against the party.[24]The suits alleged that the party was undemocratically constituted in order to concentrate all power in the hands of three people—Hanson, Ettridge and Oldfield (in particular Oldfield)—and that it technically had only two members: Ettridge and Hanson. Even though Hanson's fraud charges were dropped, the Electoral Commission of Queensland never reimbursed Hanson for the monies that they collected from the claim.[12]

The first Annual General Meeting of the One Nation party was held in April 1999, which critic Paul Reynolds said demonstrated that One Nation lacked organisation.[25]

At the1999 New South Wales state election,David Oldfieldwas elected to theNew South Wales Legislative Council.In October 2000, Hanson expelled Oldfield from the party after a disagreement.[12]His expulsion created even more instability in a party which was constantly embroiled in scandal and internal strife. Oldfield attacked Hanson publicly, saying that "everything including her maiden speech and every word of any consequence that she's said since, has actually been written for her".[12]Oldfield engineered a split within the party, creatingOne Nation NSW,in 2001.[12]The new party took advantage of electoral party registration laws to register itself as a political party under the 'One Nation' name with the NSW electoral commission, and achieved registration in April 2002.[12]

At the2001 Western Australian state electionOne Nation won three seats in the state, however the party was reduced to 3 seats the same year at the2001 Queensland state election.During the2001 Australian federal election,the party's vote fell from 9% to 5.5%. Hanson failed in her bid to win a Senate seat from Queensland, despite polling a strong 10% of the primary vote. Hanson also failed to win a seat in theNew South Wales Legislative Council.[12]

Electoral fraud charges

In 2001, disendorsed One Nation candidate Terry Sharples accused the party of not having the 500 members needed for registration, and called for the party to be deregistered, which was carried by the Supreme Court. Hanson appealed the verdict but was unsuccessful.[26]Hanson appeared before theBrisbane Magistrates Courtto face charges ofelectoral fraud,that same year. Hanson pleaded not guilty to the charges, claiming that she was being subjected to "a political witch-hunt." While court hearings proceeded, Hanson ran for a seat in the NSW Upper House as an independent, but only received 1.9 per cent of the vote.[12]

Both Ettridge and Hanson were found guilty of fraudulently registering One Nation and obtaining more than $500,000 from the AEC, in 2003. Crown lawyers accused them both of falsely claiming more than 500 people were party members when they were not truly members. Hanson was sentenced to three years in jail, stating outside the court that the verdict was "Rubbish, I'm not guilty... it's a joke".[12]

It was later disclosed that Abbott had been working behind the scenes to take Ettridge and Hanson down, meeting with several disgruntled One Nation members including Sharples. November 6 that same year Hanson was released from prison after successfully appealing her conviction and being acquitted on all counts.[12]

2004–2013: Electoral decline

At the2004 Queensland state election,One Nation polled less than 5% of the vote and its sole elected representative,Rosa Lee Long,acted as an independent. One Nation attempted to defend its Queensland Senate seat at the2004 federal election,but lost it (effectively to the National Party). Len Harris's Senate term expired on 30 June 2005.[27]

On 8 February 2005, One Nation lost federal party status but was re-registered in time for the2007 federal election.It still had state parties in Queensland and New South Wales. Subsequently, it created another state party in Western Australia. In the February2005 Western Australian state election,the One Nation vote collapsed.[12]

In the2006 South Australian state election,six One Nation candidates stood for the lower house. Their highest levels of the primary vote was 4.1% in the district ofHammondand 2.7% inGoyder,with the other four hovering around 1%. They attracted 0.8% (7559 votes) of the upper house vote. One Nation consequently won no seats in that election.[12]

In the2006 Queensland state election,the party contested four of 89 seats, and its vote collapsed. It suffered a swing of 4.3% to be left with just 0.6% of the vote. Its only remaining seat in the state (and country),Tablelands,was retained with an increased majority byRosa Lee Long.[28]Tablelands was abolished prior to the2009 Queensland state election,with Lee Long failing to win the seat ofDalrymple.

In the2012 Queensland state electionthe party unsuccessfully contested six seats. The party received only 2,525 first preference votes (representing 0.1% of the total cast) across the state.[29]

2013–2015: Hanson's return as leader

Hanson rejoined One Nation as arank-and-filemember in 2013. Later that year, she unsuccessfully contested theSenateforNew South Walesat the2013 federal election.In 2014, Hanson was reappointed as leader by the One Nation executive.[30]She contested the seat ofLockyerfor the party at the January2015 Queensland state election,falling 114 votes short of defeating sittingLiberal National PartymemberIan Rickuss.[31]

In 2013, it was reported by One Nation that the party had more than 5000 members, with the figure rising since Hanson returned as party leader.[32]

In July 2015, Hanson announced that the party was renamed the original "Pauline Hanson's One Nation" and contested in the Senate for Queensland at the2016 federal election.[33]

In the lead up to the 2016 election, Hanson arranged a "Fed Up" tour that began in July 2015 as part of her re-election campaign, flying in a private plane to Rockhampton prior to aReclaim Australiarally,[34]piloted byJames Ashby.[35]

2016–present: Return to federal politics

Pauline Hanson in aJabiru J230atCaboolture Airfieldfor theCaboolture Air Show.The aircraft has "Fed Up" slogan decals on the side (April 2016)
See also:Senate results for the Australian federal election, 2016

At the2016 federal electionthe party polled 4.3% (+3.8) of the nationwide primary vote in the Senate. Only Queensland polled higher for the party than their nationwide percentage − the party polled 9.2% (+8.6) of the primary vote in that state.Pauline Hanson(QLD) and three other One Nation candidates −Malcolm Roberts(QLD),Brian Burston(NSW) andRod Culleton(WA) were elected to the Senate.[36]Elected to the3rd Queensland Senate spot,as per convention Hanson is serving a six-year term while the three other One Nation Senators who were elected in the last half of spots were appointed to three-year terms. Culleton was stripped of his seat in January 2017 after he was declared bankrupt. In March 2017, theHigh Courtruled that Culleton's election to the Senate was invalid in any event because of a criminal conviction in New South Wales. After a court-ordered recount, Culleton was replaced by the second candidate on the WA list,Peter Georgiou.[37]

Resignations, disendorsements and ineligibility

Rod Culleton(WA) left the party in December 2016, after months of legal troubles and party infighting to sit as anindependentbringing the number of party senators to 3.[38][39]On 3 February 2017, theHigh Court of Australiaruled that Culleton's election was invalid due to a conviction for which he was subject to being sentenced at the time of the election, notwithstanding that the conviction was subsequently annulled. The resulting vacancy was filled by arecountof the votes at theelection,which resulted inPeter Georgioutaking the seat and returning the One Nation representation in the Senate to four.

During the2017 Western Australian state election,several One Nation candidates either quit or were disendorsed.[40]Dane Sorensen provided a copy of the party's Western Australian "candidate agreement" form for this election, which all candidates had to sign. It includes an "administration fee" of $250,000 if an elected candidate subsequently leaves the party.[41]One Nation previously formed a 'conservative bloc' with theLiberal Democratic PartyandShooters, Fishers and Farmers Partyin theWestern Australia Legislative Council.[42]

On 27 October 2017, the full High Court, as Court of Disputed Returns, ruled thatMalcolm Robertshad been ineligible to be elected to the Parliament. On 13 November, SenatorFraser Anningtook Roberts' seat after a Senate recount. However, on the same day Anning left the party to become anIndependent.[43]

On 14 June 2018, Senator Brian Burston announced his resignation from the party to sit as an independent, following a month-long clash with Hanson centred around the Turnbull Government's corporate tax cuts, on which Hanson had reversed her position. This reduced the party to 2 senators, with Hanson remaining the only member of One Nation elected at the 2016 Federal election.[44]

Hanson wears a burqa into the Senate

Hanson drew widespread condemnation when she wore the full Islamic dress into Senate Question Time, before calling for the burqa to be banned in Australia. Audible gasps of shock were heard in the parliament. Liberal party Senator andAttorney-General of Australia,George Brandis condemned Hanson's actions, declaring to the parliament that "To ridicule that community, to drive it into a corner, to mock its religious garments is an appalling thing to do. I would ask you to reflect on that". Senator Brandis received applause and praise from all sides of parliament for his response.[45]

"it is OK to be white"

On 15 October 2018, a Senate motion brought by the party stating "it is OK to be white" was defeated 31–28 in a vote. The government expressed regret at the support the vote received, blaming it to an administrative error in which its senators were mistakenly instructed to vote positively. Critics noted that the phrase "it's OK to be white"has been associated withwhite supremacistrhetoric.[46]

Mark Latham joins One Nation

FormerLabor PartyleaderMark Lathamjoined the party in November 2018 as leader for New South Wales.[47]He successfully contested a seat in the Legislative Council, winning it in March 2019.[48]

James Ashby controversies

On 22 May 2017, a new scandal arose when a taped conversation between Hanson and political advisorJames Ashbywas released. The tape showed that Ashby had supported charging One Nation candidates inflated prices for campaign materials.[49][50]

In March 2019, One Nation was the subject of a two-partAl Jazeeradocumentary series asserting that the party was soliciting financial assistance from theNational Rifle Association of AmericaandKoch Industriesin order to changeAustralian gun control laws.[51]Al Jazeera used an undercover reporter posing as agun rightsadvocate.[52][53][54][55][56]In response, One Nation leader Pauline Hanson condemned the documentary as a "hit piece" by a Qatar government backed news agency and announced that she had filed a complaint with theAustralian Security Intelligence Organisation.[57][54][55]Similar sentiments were echoed by the One Nation officials, James Ashby and Steve Dickson, who were featured in the documentary.[58]In response to the documentary, theAustralian Electoral Commissionsaid that none of the activities shown in the documentary violated section 326 of theCommonwealth Electoral Act 1918since they occurred overseas.[54]

2019 election and Family Court claims

At theMay 2019 federal electionOne Nation polled 5.40% (up 1.12%) for the nationwide Senate primary vote. The party polled higher than their national vote in Queensland, taking 10.27% up 1.08%, of the primary vote in the senate.

The PHONHouse of Representativescandidate for theDivision of O'Connor,Dean Smith,[59][60]who won 8.4% (7,252) votes, was in December of the same year a target of recruitment forNeo-NazigroupThe Base.In secretly recorded tapes of his "interview" by a recruiter, Smith tells of his hatred of immigrants and his wish to "save the race". He tells the recruiter that he had become "more and more extreme and passionate about my views", and disillusioned with One Nation and the possibility of a political solution. However, he was deemed too great a risk for The Base because of his political profile, so was not admitted into their ranks.[61]

Also in 2019, Hanson received widespread condemnation in the Australian media after claiming thatdomestic violencevictims routinely lie to theFamily Court.TheLaw Council of Australiacalled for the abandonment of a federal parliamentary inquiry into the family law system, citing concerns that the hearings were being used by Hanson for political purposes to undermine domestic violence claims made by women.[62]

2022 elections and the Albanese Government

In April 2022, it was "formally confirmed" that during the2022 South Australian state electionthat One Nation'sSarah Gamewon a seat within the South Australia legislative council (upper house) making history as One Nation's first member of South Australian parliament.[63]

In April 2022, Queensland MPGeorge Christensenwho had represented thedivision of Dawsonfor theLiberal National partyannounced he had joined One Nation with the intention of contesting for the Senate in the upcoming Federal election.[64]

One Nation ran 149 candidates in the2022 federal election,the only seats where they did not run in were inner Melbourne-basedHigginsand the rural Queensland seat ofKennedy,held byBob Katter.[65]One Nation was criticised for running "ghost candidates" in several electorates for the 2022 federal election, who were not campaigning in the lead-up to the election and who had no online presence. Additionally, many did not live in the electorates they were listed as being the candidates for. Despite this, theAEChas said that it is not against the rules. One Nation had promised in the lead-up to the election that it would run candidates in all seats.[66]

In December 2022, One Nation won its first seat in Victorian parliament, withRikkie-Lee Tyrrellwinning a seat during the2022 Victorian state election,representing theNorthern Victoria Regionin the Victorian Legislative Council.[67][68][69]

2023 and the Indigenous Voice to Parliament referendum

On 17 January 2023, New South Wales MP,Tania Mihailuk,announced her intention to join the party, previously representing theelectoral district of Bankstownfor theLabor Partybefore becoming anindependent.Mihailuk announced that she would run for a seat in theLegislative Councilat the2023 state election.[70]

One Nation contested the2023 Narracan state supplementary electionin Victoria on January 28, One Nation candidate Casey Murphy received 6.04% of the vote.[71]

One Nation increased their total from to two to three seats in the Legislative Council, with leader Mark Latham re-elected for another term, Tania Mihailuk filled the vacant seat left behind by Latham, who had previously resigned to recontest the upper house at the top of One Nations ticket.[72]

One Nation ran in the2023 Fadden by-election,One Nation ran Sandy Roach, their candidate in the 2022 election, One Nation received 8.90% of the vote, coming in third place.[73]

In August 2023, Pauline Hanson intervened in the New South Wales state branch of the party, and removed Mark Latham as leader of the party in New South Wales.[74]On 22 August 2023, Mark Latham left the party to become an independent; he was joined by his colleagueRod Roberts.[75]

One Nation campaigned heavily against the Indigenous Voice to parliament in thereferendumheld in October that year, One Nation supported the No vote and was against holding a referendum on the matter. The referendum was defeated in all states and territories with the exception of theAustralian Capital Territory.[76]

Tania Mihailukwas announced as the next leader of One Nation in New South Wales in December.[77]

2024

One Nation offered to support the Albanese Governments tax cut changes. Pauline Hanson stated that Anthony Albanese had broken his promise on tax cut changes, but was willing to support the changes because going against it would be like "throwing the baby out with the bathwater".[78]

ThenUnited Australia PartyNational DirectorCraig Kellyjoined One Nation on 27 February and took up the position as the Federal Campaign Director for One Nation.[79]

On 29 February, IndependentBen Dawkins,a member of theWestern Australian Legislative Council,announced he would be joining One Nation, making him the first One Nation member in the State since the party lost all its seats in the2021 Western Australian state election,which the Labor party won in a landslide.[80]

State and territory branches

Branch Leader Lower house seats Upper house seats
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – ACT No leader
0 / 25
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – New South Wales Tania Mihailuk
0 / 93
1 / 42
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Northern Territory No leader
0 / 25
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Queensland No leader[c]
1 / 93
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – South Australia Jennifer Game
0 / 47
1 / 22
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Tasmania No leader[d]
0 / 25
0 / 15
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Victoria Rikkie-Lee Tyrrell
0 / 88
1 / 40
Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Western Australia Rod Caddies
0 / 59
1 / 36
[a]


Ideology

One Nation's policies and ideology have been described as based onultranationalism,[81][82][83]populism,[84][85][86]and opposition to high levels of immigration.[87]Its policies have been also described asnationalist,[88][89][90]national-conservative,[88]socially conservative,[91]conservative,[92][93]andprotectionist.[94]Its political position has been described asright-wing,[95]extreme right[96]andfar-right.[97][98]

WriterHans-Georg Betzdescribed One Nation and Pauline Hanson in 2019 as among "the first prominent radical right-wing populist entrepreneurs to mobilize popular resentment against a very specific target — the intellectual elite" and that in the twenty first century where "today's army of self-styled commentators and pundits summarily dismissing radical right-wing populist voters as uncouth, uneducated plebeians intellectually incapable of understanding the blessings of progressive identity politics, Hanson's anti-elite rhetoric anno 1996 proved remarkably prescient, if rather tame." Betz also argued that One Nation differs from European right-wing parties by focusing on its own brand of populism which he termedHansonismbased on Hanson's personality and debates unique to Australian society.[99]Political scientistIan McAllisterargues the current version of One Nation from 2017 does not have much in the way of policy beyond an "anti-establishment stance"[100]while others have argued it has changed to focus its policies on opposition to Islam.[101][102]

In its early years, One Nation's policies were said to be synonymous with opposition toaffirmative actionfor Aboriginal communities. Some key themes of Pauline Hanson's 1998 maiden speech were opposition to what she said were increasingly high rates of immigration from Asian countries and an argument foreconomic protectionistpolicies.[15][16]Former Australian Prime MinisterPaul Keatingdenounced Hanson in a speech in 1996, saying that she projected "the ugly face of racism" and was "dangerously divisive and deeply hurtful to many of her fellow Australians."[103]Hanson and One Nation have disputed accusations of racism and argue that the main parties are out of touch with many Australians on the issues of immigration, asylum seekers and multiculturalism, and have ended up adopting some of the policies One Nation initially called for.[104]Milton Osborne noted in 1999 that research indicated Hanson's initial supporters did not cite immigration as a major reason for their support for One Nation, but instead they were most concerned about economic issues and unemployment.[105]A 2001 study showed that One Nation had extensive informal ties and received endorsements from far-right movements due to the party requiring "the support of those groups in establishing the party and because of a convergence of interests".[106]

Policies

Immigration and asylum

One Nation says that whilst it recognises the positive contributions of immigrants to Australian life, it supports a general reduction in the levels of net migration to "closer to the 20th century average of 70,000", to stabilise population numbers, citing economic, cultural and environmental arguments against mass migration. The party also calls for a travel ban on certain countries, similar to one enacted by the Trump administration in the United States, in order to combat radical Islam and prevent the immigration of people the party argues are more likely to reject Australian values and promote violent extremism. The party also supports stronger assimilation of immigrants. One Nation also seeks to withdraw Australia from the United Nations Refugee Convention and is opposed to theUN Global Compact on Migration.[104][107]Due to these statements, One Nation has been described asanti-Islam.[108][109]

Following the end of lockdowns in Australia as a result ofCOVID-19 pandemic in Australia,the party has voiced support for establishing a zero-net immigration policy, similar to the one Australia had introduced during the pandemic. One Nation supports permitting only highly skilled migrants from culturally cohesive countries to settle in Australia.[110]

The economy and employment

One Nation supports a broadly protectionist platform, saying that it would review free trade agreements and revoke any "that are not in Australia's best interest."[111]It is opposed to foreign ownership of Australian agricultural land and businesses.[112]Wishing to prioritise jobs for Australian nationals, it would investigate "the abuse of foreign work visas."[113]

One Nation backed the Turnbull Government's controversial 2018 corporate tax cuts.[114][115][116]

Domestic policies

The party argues for the introduction of Citizens Initiated Referenda (CIR) and states it will review the salaries and pensions paid to Australian politicians. In 2021, theSenateapproved a motion tabled byPauline Hansonwhich called on the federal government to reject the teaching ofcritical race theoryin Australian schools.[117]It also supports a ban on wearing the burqa in public spaces.[118][119]One Nation has backed Hanson's comments regardingdownplaying scientific consensus on climate change.[120][121]During the debate on theMarriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017which would legalise same-sex marriage in Australia, Hanson and other members of One Nation expressed their opposition to same-sex marriage. However, Hanson also stated the party would not take an official stance on same-sex marriage and that One Nation senators would be allowed a free vote on the issue.[122][123]

Law and order

One Nation claims it will increase rehabilitation facilities for drug addicts and introduce life sentences for drug traffickers, Pauline Hanson has previously voiced her support of medicinal cannabis but strong objection to recreational drug usage and opposition to pill testing.[124]The party supports responsible gun ownership but wants tougher sentences for arms traffickers. The party also supports one law for all Australians and is opposed to any form of sharia law in Australia.[112]

Welfare

One Nation is in favour of a substantial increase in the aged pension and disability support pension.[125]It was reported in 2016 that One Nation had voted with the Liberal government on a number of welfare cuts.[126]

Multinationals

The party would move foreign-owned multinationals out of the corporation tax system and into a transactions based system, saying that too many of them pay no tax on profits made in Australia.[127]

COVID-19 vaccines

Many politicians, commentators and scientists claim that One Nation senators have spread misinformation and conspiracies on the effectiveness and scientific basis of COVID-19 vaccines.[128][129]One Nation opposes vaccine mandates, but denies being against vaccinations. However, in 2021, One Nation senator Mark Latham said that vaccinated people should be exempt from Sydney's COVID-19 lockdown.[130]

Climate change

One Nation senators are frequent critics of any action on climate change and have called climate science a ‘scam’. One Nation has spread debunked conspiracy theories about climate change not occurring or being part of a plot by theUnited Nations.[131][132]

Voting system and preferences

In 2019, One Nation called for the abolition offull preferential votingin favour ofoptional preferential votingatHouse of Representativeselections. The announcement came shortly afterScott Morrisonannounced that the Liberal Party would preference One Nation behind Labor in several seats for the2019 federal election.[133]In Australia, optional preferential voting is currently only used forLegislative Assemblyelections inNew South Walesand for council elections in mostwardedlocal government areasinQueensland.

One Nation is also against the use ofgroup voting tickets,which are currently only used forLegislative Councilelections inVictoria.The party has strongly criticisedGlenn Druery,a "preference whispererer" who founded theMinor Party Alliance.In the lead-up to the2022 state election,Hanson claimed that Druery wasrigging the electionin favour of the incumbent state Labor government ofDaniel Andrews,after a leaked video showed that Druery was trying to create a crossbench that Labor could work with.[134]Prior to the incident, in 2017, Druery admitted that he had been directing the preferences of micro-parties away from One Nation since 1999.[135]

Voter base

One Nation's voter base typically consists of older or middle-agedwhitevoters in small rural towns, often from aworking-classbackground.[136]

One Nation has historically performed best in regions where the Labor Party once performed well in, but in recent years have been trending more to the right over policies regarding mining and climate change. The regions where One Nation has seen the most electoral success are theCentral Queensland,Darling DownsandWide Bay–Burnettregions ofQueenslandand theHunter Valleyregion ofNew South Wales,all of which are working-class regions that have historically relied oncoal miningas part of their local economy, and all were once strongholds for the Labor Party.

Election results

Federal

Election year House of Representatives Senate
# votes % votes # seats +/– # votes % votes # seats # overall seats +/–
1998 936,621 Increase8.43
0 / 148
 Steady0 1,007,439 Increase8.99
1 / 40
1 / 76
 Increase1
2001 498,032 Decrease4.34
0 / 150
 Steady0 644,364 Decrease5.54
0 / 40
1 / 76
 Steady0
2004 139,956 Decrease1.19
0 / 150
 Steady0 206,445 Decrease1.73
0 / 40
0 / 76
 Decrease1
2007 32,650 Decrease0.26
0 / 150
 Steady0 52,708 Decrease0.42
0 / 40
0 / 76
 Steady0
2010 27,184 Decrease0.22
0 / 150
 Steady0 70,672 Increase0.56
0 / 40
0 / 76
 Steady0
2013 22,046 Decrease0.17
0 / 150
 Steady0 70,851 Decrease0.53
0 / 40
0 / 76
 Steady0
2016
(D-D) 		175,020 Increase1.29
0 / 150
 Steady0 593,013 Increase4.28
4 / 76
4 / 76
 Increase4
2019 438,587 Increase3.08
0 / 151
 Steady0 788,203 Increase5.40
1 / 40
2 / 76
 Decrease2
2022 727,464 Increase4.96
0 / 151
 Steady0 644,744 Decrease4.29
1 / 40
2 / 76
 Steady0

New South Wales

Legislative Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
1999 281,147 Increase7.53
0 / 93
 Steady0
Party did not contest elections between2003(seeOne Nation NSW) and2015
2019 49,948 Decrease1.10
0 / 93
 Steady0
2023 84,683 Increase1.80
0 / 93
 Steady0
Legislative Council
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
1999 225,668 Increase6.34
1 / 42
 Increase1
Party did not contest elections between2003(seeOne Nation NSW) and2015
2019 306,933 Increase6.90
2 / 42
 Increase2
2023 273,496 Decrease5.92
3 / 42
 Increase1

Victoria

Legislative Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
1999 8,181 Increase0.29
0 / 88
 Steady0
Party did not contest 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 or 2018 state elections
2022 10,323 Decrease0.28
0 / 88
 Steady0
Legislative Council
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
2022 76,734 Increase2.04
1 / 40
 Increase1

Queensland

Legislative Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
1998 439,121 Increase22.68
11 / 89
 Increase11
2001 179,076 Decrease8.69
3 / 89
 Decrease8
2004 104,980 Decrease4.88
1 / 89
 Decrease2
2006 13,207 Decrease0.60
1 / 89
 Steady0
2009 9,038 Decrease0.38
0 / 89
 Decrease1
2012 2,525 Decrease0.10
0 / 89
 Steady0
2015 24,111 Increase0.92
0 / 89
 Steady0
2017 371,193 Increase13.73
1 / 93
 Increase1
2020 204,316 Decrease7.12
1 / 93
 Steady0

Western Australia

Legislative Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
2001 98,321 Increase9.58
0 / 57
 Steady0
2005 17,580 Decrease1.64
0 / 57
 Steady0
Party did contest Assembly in 2008, Party did not contest 2013 state election
2017 65,192 Increase4.93
0 / 59
 Steady0
2021 17,824 Decrease1.26
0 / 59
 Steady0
Legislative Council
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
2001 103,571 Increase9.88
3 / 34
 Increase3
2005 17,435 Decrease1.59
0 / 34
 Decrease3
2008 7,012 Decrease0.63
0 / 36
 Steady0
Party did not contest 2013 state election
2017 110,480 Increase8.19
3 / 36
 Increase3
2021 21,259 Decrease1.48
0 / 36
 Decrease3

South Australia

House of Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
2002 22,833 Increase2.41
0 / 47
 Steady0
2006 2,591 Decrease0.28
0 / 47
 Steady0
Party did not contest 2010, 2014 or 2018 state elections in the House of Assembly
2022 28,664 Increase2.63
0 / 47
 Steady0
Legislative Council
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
2002 16,829 Increase1.80
0 / 22
 Steady0
2006 7,559 Decrease0.81
0 / 22
 Steady0
2010 4,972 Decrease0.51
0 / 22
 Steady0
Party did not contest 2014 or 2018 state elections in the Legislative Council
2022 46,051 Increase4.23
1 / 22
 Increase1

Northern Territory

Legislative Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats 		+/–
2001 1,074 Increase1.32
0 / 25
 Steady0

Maps

Leaders

Federal

Unlike the Queensland state leadership, the changes of the federal leadership of the party were largely undocumented (besides Hanson's terms), due to previously having low media attention and confusion of branch leadership within the party.

The party has faced de-registration change of leadership, and reformatting since its creation. This list comprises the leaders, most distinguished, of the party.

In August 2017, the party's constitution was changed so that Hanson would be party President for as long as she may wish, and to choose her successor, who may also continue until resignation.[137]

No. Image Name Term start Term end Office Notes
1 Pauline Hanson 11 April 1997 5 August 2002 MPforOxley
(1996–1998) 		First leadership
2 John Fischer 5 August 2002 1 June 2004 MLCforMining and Pastoral
(2001–2005) 		Resigned, leader of WA branch (2001–2004)
3 Ian Nelson 6 September 2008 31 March 2010 Former party president and treasurer[138]
4 Jim Savage 13 May 2013 18 November 2014 Former executive and president of Queensland branch[139]
(1) Pauline Hanson 18 November 2014 Incumbent Senator for Queensland
(2016–present) 		Second leadership

New South Wales

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 David Oldfield 27 March 1999 8 October 2000 MLC
(1997–2007)
AldermanforManly
(1991–1999) 		Party executive, leader of breakaway party,One Nation NSW(2000–2004)
2 Mark Latham 7 November 2018 14 August 2023 MPforWerriwa
(1994–2005)
MLC
(2019–present)
Labor Leader
(2003–2005) 		Resigned from party after removal as state leader,
position currently vacant
3 Tania Mihailuk 10 December 2023 Incumbent Mayor of Bankstown
(2006–2011)
MLC
(2023–present)
MLAforBankstown
(2011–2023)

Oldfield was elected to New South Wales parliament in 1999, but left One Nation in 2000, he then formed a splinter party called One Nation NSW, which he led until 2004 when he resigned. Oldfield remained an independent in the legislative council until 2007, when he did not seek re-election.

Queensland

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 Pauline Hanson 11 April 1997 12 May 1998 MPforOxley
(1996–1998)
SenatorforQueensland
(2016–present)
City of IpswichCouncillor
(1994–1997)
2 Heather Hill 21 May 1998 13 June 1998 SenatorforQueensland
(1998–1999) 		Disqualified from Senate in 1999
3 Bill Feldman 23 June 1998 14 December 1999 MLAforCaboolture
(1998–2001) 		Inaugural Qld. parliamentary leader, resigned from party, leader of breakaway party,City Country Alliance(1999–2001)
4 Bill Flynn 6 March 2001 7 February 2004 MLAforLockyer
(2001–2004) 		Defeated at election
5 Rosa Lee Long 7 February 2004 20 March 2009 MLAforTablelands
(2001–2009) 		Defeated at election
6 Steve Dickson 23 January 2017 30 April 2019 MLAforBuderim
(2009–2017) 		Position currently vacant

South Australia

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 Jennifer Game 16 September 2021 Incumbent

Australian Capital Territory

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 Shaun Nelson June 1997 December 1997 MLAforTablelands
(1998–2001)
2 Chris Spence December 1997 January 1998 MLAforThe Entrance
(2011–2015) 		Position currently vacant

Tasmania

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 Steve Mav 13 October 2021 29 May 2022 Position currently vacant

Victoria

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 Rikkie-Lee Tyrrell 27 November 2022 Incumbent MLCforNorthern Victoria
(2022–present) 		[140]

Western Australia

No. Leader Term of office Office (or previous office) Notes
1 John Fischer 10 February 2001 1 June 2004 MLCforMining and Pastoral Region
(2001–2005)
2 Colin Tincknell 9 January 2017 2023 MLCforSouth West Region
(2017–2021)
3 Rod Caddies 2023 Incumbent [141]

Members of parliament

Current MPs

Federal Parliament

New South Wales

Victoria

Queensland

South Australia

Western Australia

Former MPs

Federal Parliament

New South Wales

Queensland

Western Australia

Donors

Further information:Political funding in Australia

A 2019 report found that Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party had received over $6,000 in disclosed donations from pro-gun groups during the 2011–2018 period, with concerns these donations threatened to compromise Australia's safety by undermining gun control laws.[142]The Queensland branch of the party received $17,000 from the agriculture sector (meat and sugar industry) between 2016 and 2021, totaling less than one percent of all publicly declared political donations during that period;[143]the state's two major parties (Labor,Liberal National) made up 85% of total publicly declared political donations, receiving $358,270 and $1,451,991, respectively.[143]TheNorth Queensland-basedKatter's Australian Partyreceived over $280,000.[143]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related toPauline Hanson's One Nation.

Footnotes

  1. ^abcDawkins is a member of One Nation, but the party is not registered with the WA Electoral Commission and Dawkins sits as an independent.
  2. ^abAnystate or territorylegislatures. Currently one Lower House seat in Queensland, and one Upper House seat each in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia[a]and New South Wales.
  3. ^Afterthe resignationofSteve Dicksonin 2019.
  4. ^After the resignation of Steve Mav in 2021.

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Further reading

  • Abbott, Tony;Adams, Phillip; Brett, Judith; Brunton, Ron;Fraser, Malcolm;Goot, Murray;Grattan, Michelle;Kelly, Paul;Kingston, Margo;Lake, Marilyn; McGuinness, P.P.;Reynolds, Henry;Richardson, Graham;Rothwell, Nicolas; Sheridan, Greg;Wooldridge, Michael;(1998),Two Nations. The Causes and Effects of the Rise of the One Nation Party in Australia,Bookman Press, Melbourne (Victoria)ISBN1-86395-177-6.
  • Balson, Scott (2000),Inside One Nation. The inside story on a people's party born to fail,Interactive Presentations, Mt Crosby News, Queensland.ISBN0-9577415-2-9.
  • Campbell, Graemeand Uhlmann, Mark (1995),Australia Betrayed. How Australian democracy has been undermined and our naive trust betrayed,Foundation Press, Victoria Park, Western Australia.ISBN1-875778-02-0.
  • Davis, Rex and Stimson, Robert (1998), 'Disillusionment and disenchantment at the fringe: explaining the geography of the One Nation Party vote at the Queensland election,'People and Place,Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 69–82.
  • Dodd, Helen J (1997).Pauline. The Hanson Phenomenon,Boolarong Press, Moorooka, Queensland.ISBN0-646-33217-1.
  • Ettridge, David (2004),Consider Your Verdict,New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales.ISBN1-74110-232-4.
  • Grant, Bligh (ed.) (1997),Pauline Hanson. One Nation and Australian Politics,University of New England Press, Armidale, New South Wales.ISBN1-875821-38-4.
  • Hanson, Pauline(2007),Untamed and Unashamed – Pauline Hanson's autobiography,Jo-Jo Publishing, Docklands, Victoria.ISBN0-9802836-2-0.
  • Jayasuriya, Laksiri and Pookong, Kee (1999),The Asianisation of Australia? Some Facts about the Myths,Melbourne University Press, Carlton South, Victoria.ISBN0-522-84854-0
  • Jupp, James(1998), 'Populism in the land of Oz,' inMeanjin,Vol.57, No.4, pp. 740–747.
  • Kingston, Margo(1999),Off the Rails. The Pauline Hanson Trip,Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, New South Wales.ISBN1-86508-159-0.
  • Leach, Michael; Stokes, Geoffrey; Ward, Ian; (eds.) (2000),The Rise and Fall of One Nation,University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, Queensland.ISBN0-7022-3136-3.
  • Mackay, Hugh (1999),Turning Point. Australians Choosing Their Future,Pan Macmillan, Sydney, New South Wales, Ch. 24, 'Xenophobia and Politics. Why Hanson was good for us.'ISBN0-7329-1001-3.
  • Merritt, George J (1997),Pauline Hanson. The Truth,St George Publications, Parkholme, South Australia.ISBN0-646-32012-2.
  • Pasquarelli, John (1998),The Pauline Hanson Story by the Man Who Knows,New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales.ISBN1-86436-341-X.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation&oldid=1235115243"