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Pedro Eugenio Aramburu

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In thisSpanish name,the first or paternalsurnameisAramburuand the second or maternal family name isSilveti.
Pedro Eugenio Aramburu
Aramburu in 1956
President of Argentina
In office
November 13, 1955 – May 1, 1958
Appointed byMilitary junta
Vice PresidentIsaac Rojas(de facto)
Preceded byEduardo Lonardi(de facto)
Succeeded byArturo Frondizi
Personal details
Born
Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti

May 21, 1903
Río Cuarto,Córdoba,Argentina
DiedJune 1, 1970(1970-06-01)(aged 67)
Carlos Tejedor, Buenos Aires,Argentina
Manner of deathAssassination
Resting placeLa Recoleta Cemetery
Political partyUnion of the Argentine People
SpouseSara Lucía Herrera
Signature
Military service
AllegianceArgentina
Branch/serviceArgentine Army
Years of service1922–1958
Rank(Pre-1991 epaulette)Lieutenant General

Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti(May 21, 1903 – June 1, 1970) was anArgentine Armygeneral who was the dictator of Argentina from November 13, 1955, to May 1, 1958. He was a major figure behind theRevolución Libertadora,the military coup againstJuan Perónin 1955. He was kidnapped by the left-wing organizationMontoneroson May 29, 1970, and then murdered as part of retaliation. He had been involved in the June 1956 execution of Army GeneralJuan José Valle—associated with thePeronist movement— and 26 Peronist militants, after a botched attempt to overthrow his regime.

Family[edit]

Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti was born on May 21, 1903, inRío Cuarto.Both of his parents were born inSpain.His father, Carlos Pantaleón Aramburu, was born inZestoa,Basque Country,while his mother, Leocadia Silveti, was born in Zuriáin,Navarre.[1]He had eight siblings.

Military career[edit]

  • He studied at theNational Military College
  • 1922: Sub-lieutenant
  • 1939: Major
  • 1943: War School Teacher
  • 1951: Brigadier
  • War School Headmaster
  • 1955: Commander in Chief of the Army
  • 1958: Lieutenant general.

President of Argentina[edit]

He served asde factopresident of Argentina from November 13, 1955, to May 1, 1958.

TheRevolución Libertadorawhich overthrewJuan Perónwas triggered in part by his actions towards the press, as well as the imprisonment of opposition leaders and economic instability. For example, Perón incited his followers to wreck the offices and printing presses of newspapers who criticized him and he jailed the leader of the opposition,Ricardo Balbin,of theRadical Civic Unionparty.[2]The military Revolución Libertadora against Perón for these actions led to three years of military rule under Aramburu, who allowed elections to be held in1958.

Aramburu's military government forced Perón into exile and barred thePeronist Partyfrom further elections. Perón lived in exile inSpainuntil 1973.

He repealed the reelectionist and statist Constitution of 1949 and restored the validity of the historical text of 1853/60, a decision that was later validated by a constituent convention. He promised to hand over power as soon as possible to a president elected by the people. He made a public commitment that none of the military who held positions in his government would accept candidacies when elections were called.[3]

Anti-Peronist political power[edit]

After the end of his presidential term in 1958, Aramburu retired from the military career and devoted himself entirely to politics.

He ran for president in1963as leader of the Union of the Argentine People (Unión del Pueblo Argentino,UDELPA), with the slogan "Vote UDELPA and HE won't return" ( "Vote UDELPA y no vuelve" ), referring to Perón.

With the Peronists banned, the Presidential elections resulted inArturo Umberto Illiabecoming president, with Aramburu coming in third.

Yet the military retained much real power,censoringboth Peronism and its leader. The fragility of Argentine democracy was shown when Illia was overthrown in1966by a military coup led by GeneralJuan Carlos Onganía.

In 1970, Aramburu was mentioned as a possible presidential candidate.

Kidnapping and death[edit]

On May 29, 1970, at noon, Aramburu was snatched from his apartment inBuenos Airesby two members of Montoneros posing as young army officers. Montoneros dubbed the kidnappingOperación Pindapoy,after a company that producedcitrusin the 1960s. Aramburu's disappearance kept Argentinian society on tenterhooks for a month before it was discovered that Aramburu had been assassinated three days after his abduction, following amock trialand his corpse hidden inside a farmhouse nearTimote,Carlos Tejedor,inBuenos Aires Province.He had been shot twice in the chest with two different pistols.Mario Firmenichtook credit for the kidnapping and assassination.[4][5]

In the following weeks, statements from Montoneros flooded the media. Their actions were a response to the executions of twenty-seven Peronist militants who took part in an unsuccessful coup d'état in 1956 (a retaliation).

Legacy[edit]

Following his abduction and murder, Aramburu became amartyrfor the anti-Peronist movement in Argentina.[6]ForPeronists,on the other hand, Aramburu's assassination was a dream come true, and was considered a valid act of retaliation for the executions ofJuan José ValleandRaúl Tancoafter their failed uprising against theRevolución Libertadora.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Genealogia Familiar".
  2. ^On Perón's incitement of his followers to violence against the press and his treatment of opposition leaders see Leslie E. Anderson,Social Capital in Developing Democracies: Nicaragua and Argentina Compared,New York, Cambridge University Press, 2010 esp Chap 3 and Susan and Peter Calvert,Argentina: Political Culture and Instability,Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989. Perón also undermined opposition voices from within his own party and tried to eliminate anyone who disagreed with him and might be a competitor for power within Peronism. On Perón's treatment of the opposition inside Peronism see Raanan Rein,In the Shadow of Perón:Juan Atilio Bramugliaand the Second Line of Argentina's Populist Movement,Translated by Martha Grenzeback, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008. Originally published asJuan Atilio Bramuglia: Bajo la sombra del Lider. La segunda linea del liderazgo peronista(Buenos Aires: Ediciones Lumiere, 2006).
  3. ^"Hoy, a 30 años del secuestro de Aramburu - LA NACION".La Nación.
  4. ^"Mario Firmenich Given Life In Prison".Associated Press.Retrieved14 February2020.
  5. ^"Body of Argentina's Kidnapped Ex-President Found".The New York Times.1970-07-18.ISSN0362-4331.Retrieved2021-09-20.
  6. ^"Hoy, a 30 años del secuestro de Aramburu - LA NACION".La Nación.

External links[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by President of Argentina
1955–1958 		Succeeded by
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