Peekaboo
Peekaboo(also spelledpeek-a-boo) is a form of play played with aninfant.To play, one player hides their face, pops back into the view of the other, and saysPeekaboo!,sometimes followed byI see you!There are many variations: for example, where trees are involved, "Hiding behind that tree!" is sometimes added. Another variation involves saying "Where's the baby?" while the face is covered and "There's the baby!" when uncovering the face.
Peekaboo uses a joke-like structure: surprise, balanced with expectation.[1]
Linguist Iris Nomikou has compared the game to a dialogue given the predictable back-and-forth pattern.[2]Other researchers have called the game “protoconversation" – a way to teach an infant the timing and the structure of social exchanges.[3]
Object permanence
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Peekaboo is thought bydevelopmental psychologiststo demonstrate an infant's inability to understandobject permanence.[5]Object permanence is an important stage ofcognitive developmentfor infants. In early sensorimotor stages, the infant is completely unable to comprehend object permanence. PsychologistJean Piagetconducted experiments with infants which led him to conclude that this awareness was typically achieved at eight to nine months of age.[6]He said that infants before this age are too young to understand object permanence. A lack of object permanence can lead toA-not-B errors,where children reach for a thing at a place where it should not be.
See also
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References
[edit]- ^Stafford, Tom (April 18, 2014)."Why All Babies Love Peekaboo".BBC.
- ^Nomikou, Iris; Leonardi, Giuseppe; Radkowska, Alicja; Rączaszek-Leonardi, Joanna; Rohlfing, Katharina J. (2017-10-10)."Taking Up an Active Role: Emerging Participation in Early Mother–Infant Interaction during Peekaboo Routines".Frontiers in Psychology.8:1656.doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01656.ISSN1664-1078.PMC5641350.PMID29066985.
- ^"PsycNET".psycnet.apa.org.Retrieved2019-08-13.
- ^Kitajima, Yoshio; Kumoi, Miyoshi; Koike, Toshihide (1998)."Developmental changes of anticipatory heart rate responses in human infants".Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology.16(2): 93–100.doi:10.5674/jjppp1983.16.93.ProQuest619539004.
- ^Mayers, David (2011).Exploring Psychology.New York, NY: Worth.ISBN978-1-4292-1635-7.
- ^Wellman, Henry M.; et al. (1986), "Infant Search and Object Permanence: A Meta-Analysis of the A-Not-B Error.",Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,51(3): i-67,doi:10.2307/1166103,JSTOR1166103,PMID3683418
Further reading
[edit]- Bruner, J. S. & Sherwood, V. (1976). "Peek-a-boo and the learning of rule structures". In Bruner, J.; Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (eds.).Play: Its Role in Development and Evolution.Middlesex: Penguin. pp. 277–287.ISBN0-14-081126-5.
