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Persoonia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the academic journal, seePersoonia (journal).

Persoonia
Persoonia levis
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Persoonioideae
Tribe: Persoonieae
Genus: Persoonia
Sm.[1]
Type species
Persoonia lanceolata
Species

See text

Occurrence data downloaded fromAVH
Synonyms[1]
Persoonia elliptica
Persoonia pinifoliafruit
Persoonia levisbark
Persoonia coriaceashrub on road verge, nearYellowdineWA

Persoonia,commonly known asgeebungs[2]orsnottygobbles,[3][4]is a genus of about one hundred species of flowering plants in the familyProteaceae.Plants in the genusPersooniaare shrubs or small trees usually with smooth bark, simple leaves and usually yellow flowers arranged along araceme,each flower with a leaf or scale leaf at the base. The fruit is adrupe.

Description

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Persoonias are usually shrubs, sometimes small trees and usually have smooth bark. The adult leaves aresimple,usually arranged alternately but sometimes in opposite pairs, or inwhorlsof three or four. If apetioleis present, it is short. The flowers are arranged singly or in racemes, usually of a few flowers, either in leafaxilsor on the ends of the branches. Sometimes the raceme continues to grow into a leafy shoot. Thetepalsare free from each other except near their base, have their tips rolled back and are usually yellow. There is a singlestigmaon top of the ovary and surrounded by fourstamens.The fruit is a drupe containing one or two seeds.[3][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming

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The genusPersooniawas first formally described in 1798 byJames Edward Smithand the description was published inTransactions of the Linnean Society of London.[7][8]The generic name is in honour ofDutchmycologistandbotanistChristiaan Hendrik Persoon.[3]Smith did not nominate atypespecies but in 1988,Persoonia lanceolatawas nominated as thelectotype.[9]

The term geebung is derived from theDharuglanguage wordgeebung,while theWiradjuriterm wasjibbong.[10]Theetymologyof "snottygobble" is more obscure.The English Dialect Dictionarypublished in 1904 listssnotergob,snot-gobandsnotty-gobbleas "the fruit of the yew-tree,Taxus baccata"noting that" children devour quantities of the red part of these berries, which they call snotty-gobbles, and suffer no ill-effects ".[11]The pulp around the hard stone in the drupes ofPersooniais edible although "the operation is a little like nibbling sweet cotton wool".[12]

Molecular hylogenetic studies indicate thatToronia,GarnieriaandAcidoniaall lie within the large genusPersoonia.[13]

Distribution and habitat

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Species ofPersooniaareendemicto Australia, with one species,Persoonia torufound in New Zealand. In Australia, they are widespread in non-arid regions. One species,P. pertinax,is found only in theGreat Victoria Desert,while a few other species venture into the arid zone, but most are concentrated in the subtropical to temperate parts of south eastern and south western Australia, including Tasmania.[14]

Most species are plants of well-drained, acid, sandy or sandstone-based soils that are low in nutrients, although one,Persoonia graminea,grows in swampy habitats. Three species (P. acicularis,P. bowgadaandP. hexagona) tolerate mildly calcareous soils, and several south eastern species sometimes grow on basalt-derived soils, but these are unusual. The greatest diversity of species is found in areas with soils derived from sandstones and granites.[14]

Ecology

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The flowers ofPersooniaspecies are pollinated by native bees, especially from the genusLeioproctus,most commonlyL. speculiferus,and the introducedApis mellifera.[15][16]

Species list

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The following is a list of species ofPersooniaaccepted byPlants of the World Onlineas of September 2023:[17]

References

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  1. ^ab"Persoonia".Australian Plant Census.Retrieved17 October2020.
  2. ^Robinson, Les (1991).Field guide to the Native Plants of Sydney.Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 100.ISBN0864171927.
  3. ^abc"Persoonia".FloraBase.Western Australian GovernmentDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. ^Bernhardt, Peter (2002).The Rose's Kiss: A Natural History of Flowers.University of Chicago Press. p. 118.Retrieved1 November2015.
  5. ^Weston, Peter H."GenusPersoonia".Royal Botanic Garden Sydney.Retrieved20 December2017.
  6. ^Jeanes, Jeff A."Persoonia".Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria.Retrieved20 December2017.
  7. ^"Persoonia".APNI.Retrieved20 December2017.
  8. ^Smith, James Edward (1798)."The Characters of Twenty New Genera of Plants. 4".Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.4:215–216.Retrieved20 December2017.
  9. ^"PersooniaSm ".APNI.Retrieved20 December2017.
  10. ^Australian National Botanic Gardens (2007)."Aboriginal Plant Use - NSW Southern Tablelands: Geebung".Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment and Heritage.Retrieved5 November2011.
  11. ^Wright, Joseph (1905).The English Dialect Dictionary (Volume V).Amen Corner, London: Henry Frowde. p. 594.
  12. ^Crib, Alan B.; Crib, Joan W. (1980).Wild food in Australia.Sydney: Collins. p. 49.ISBN0006344364.
  13. ^Holmes, G. D., Weston, P. H., Murphy, D. J., Connelly, C., & Cantrill, D. J. (2018). The genealogy of geebungs: phylogenetic analysis of Persoonia (Proteaceae) and related genera in subfamily Persoonioideae. Australian Systematic Botany, 31(2), 166-189.
  14. ^abWeston, Peter H."Persoonia".Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra.Retrieved29 July2024.
  15. ^Bernhardt, Peter; Wilson, Peter H. (1996)."The pollination ecology ofPersoonia(Proteaceae) in eastern Australia ".Telopea.6(4): 775–804.doi:10.7751/telopea19963035.Retrieved24 September2023.
  16. ^Maynard, Glynn V. (1995). "Pollinators of Australian Proteaceae". In McCarthy, Patrick (ed.).Flora of Australia(PDF).Vol. 16. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 30–33.Retrieved24 September2023.
  17. ^"Persoonia".Plants of the World Online.Retrieved24 September2023.

Further reading

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  • Weston, P. H. (1995). "Persoonioideae". In McCarthy, Patrick (ed.).Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1.CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 47–125.ISBN0-643-05693-9.
  • Weston, Peter H. (2003). "Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae".Australian Plants.22(175): 62–78.ISSN0005-0008.
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  • Media related toPersooniaat Wikimedia Commons
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