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Peter Gabriel

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Peter Gabriel
Gabriel in performance
Gabriel performing in October 2023
Background information
Birth namePeter Brian Gabriel
Born(1950-02-13)13 February 1950(age 74)
Chobham,Surrey,England
Genres
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • activist
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • keyboards
  • flute
Years active1965–present
Labels
Formerly of
Spouses
Jill Moore
(m.1971;div.1987)
Meabh Flynn
(m.2002)
WebsitepetergabrielEdit this at Wikidata
Signature

Peter Brian Gabriel(born 13 February 1950) is an English singer, songwriter and human rights activist. He was the original lead singer of theprogressive rockbandGenesis.[1]After leaving the band in 1975, he launched a solo career with "Solsbury Hill"as his first single. His fifth studio album,So(1986), is his best-selling release and is certified triple platinum in the UK and five times platinum in the US. The album's most successful single, "Sledgehammer",won a record nineMTV Awardsat the1987 MTV Video Music Awardsand, according to a report in 2011, it wasMTV's most played music video of all time.[2]

Gabriel has been a champion ofworld musicfor much of his career. He co-founded theWOMADfestival in 1982.[3]He has continued to focus on producing and promoting world music through hisReal World Recordslabel. He has pioneered digital distribution methods for music, co-foundingOD2,one of the first online music download services.[4]Gabriel has also been involved in numerous humanitarian efforts. In 1980, he released the anti-apartheidsingle "Biko".[3]He has participated in several human-rights benefit concerts, includingAmnesty International'sHuman Rights Now!tour in 1988, and co-founded theWitnesshuman rights organisation in 1992.[3]Gabriel developedThe ElderswithRichard Branson,which was launched byNelson Mandelain 2007.[5]

Gabriel has won threeBrit Awards—winning Best British Male in 1987,[6]sixGrammy Awards,[7]thirteenMTV Video Music Awards,the first Pioneer Award at theBT Digital Music Awards,[8]theQmagazine Lifetime Achievement,[9]theIvor Novello Awardfor Lifetime Achievement,[10]and thePolar Music Prize.[11]He was made aBMIIcon at the 57th annual BMI London Awards for his "influence on generations of music makers".[12]In recognition of his many years of human rights activism, he received theMan of Peaceaward from theNobel Peace Prizelaureates in 2006,[13]andTimemagazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2008.[14]AllMusicdescribed Gabriel as "one of rock's most ambitious, innovative musicians, as well as one of its most political".[15]He was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fameas a member of Genesis in 2010,[16]and as a solo artist in 2014.[17]In March 2015, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from theUniversity of South Australiain recognition of his achievements in music.

Early life

[edit]

Peter Brian Gabriel was born on 13 February 1950 inChobham,Surrey,England, son of Ralph Parton Gabriel (1912–2012) and Edith Irene (1921–2016), daughter of Colonel Edward Allen, chairman of theCivil Service Department Storeon theStrand, London.Gabriel's father was an electrical engineer and dairy farm-owner from a long-established family of London timber importers and merchants, and his mother was from a musical family. Gabriel was raised at Deep Pool Farm, Coxhill, a Victorian manor just outside Chobham.[18][19]His great-great-great-uncle,Sir Thomas Gabriel, 1st Baronet,wasLord Mayor of Londonfrom 1866 to 1877.[20]Gabriel attended Cable House, a private primary school inWoking,Surrey, followed by St Andrews Preparatory School for Boys inHorsell,Surrey.[18]During his time at the latter, his teachers noticed his singing talent, but he opted for piano lessons from his mother and developed an interest in drumming. At age 10, he purchased a floor tom-tom.[21]

Gabriel remarked of his early influences, "Hymnsplayed quite a large part. They were the closest I came tosoul musicbefore I discovered soul music. There are certain hymns that you can scream your lungs out on, and I used to love that. It was great when you used to get the old shivers down the back. "[22]At age 12, Gabriel wrote his first song, "Sammy the Slug". Around this time, an aunt gave him money for professional singing lessons, but he used it to buythe Beatles' debut studio albumPlease Please Me(1963).[21]In September 1963, he started atCharterhouse,apublic schoolinGodalming,Surrey.[23]There, he was a drummer and vocalist for his first band: thetrad jazzoutfit the Milords (or M'Lords). This was followed by a holiday band called the Spoken Word.[24]

In 1965, Gabriel formedGarden Wallwith school friendsTony Bankson piano andChris Stewarton drums. Banks had started at Charterhouse at the same time as Gabriel; the two were uninterested in school activities but bonded over music and started to write songs. At a final concert before they broke up, Gabriel, dressed in akaftanand beads, showered the audience with petals he had picked from neighbouring gardens.[23]

Career

[edit]

1967–1975: Genesis

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In 1967, after Garden Wall had disbanded, Gabriel, Banks and Stewart were invited by fellow pupilsAnthony PhillipsandMike Rutherfordto work on ademotape of songs. Gabriel and Banks contributed "She Is Beautiful", the first song they wrote together. The tape was sent to former Charterhouse pupil turned musicianJonathan King,who was immediately enthusiastic largely due to Gabriel's vocals. He signed the group and suggested a band name of Gabriel's Angels, but it was unpopular with the other members. They settled on King's other suggestion,Genesis.After King suggested they stick to more straightforward pop, Gabriel and Banks wrote "The Silent Sun"as a pastiche of theBee Gees,one of King's favourite bands. It became Genesis's first single, released in 1968.[25]It was included on their debut studio album,From Genesis to Revelation(1968), which saw Gabriel play the flute.

After the commercial failure ofFrom Genesis to Revelation,the band went their separate ways, and Gabriel continued his studies at Charterhouse.[26]In September 1969, Gabriel, Banks, Rutherford and Phillips decided to drop their plans and make Genesis a full-time working band. In early 1970, Gabriel played the flute onMona Bone Jakon(1970) byCat Stevens.The second studio album by Genesis,Trespass(1970), marked Gabriel expanding his musical output with the accordion, tambourine and bass drum, and incorporating hissoul musicinfluences. He wrote the lyrics to "The Knife"as a parody of a protest song. The album sold little and at one point, Gabriel secured a place atLondon School of Film Techniquebecause Genesis "seemed to be dying."[27]Genesis recruited guitaristSteve Hackettand drummerPhil Collins.[28]Their next studio album,Nursery Cryme(1971), features Gabriel playing the oboe. Its opener, "The Musical Box",was their first song in which Gabriel incorporated a story and characters into the lyrics.

Gabriel as "Britannia", or "The Moonlit Knight",1974
Gabriel performing duringThe Lamb Lies Down on Broadway Tour,1975

The shows featuringFoxtrot(1972) marked a key development in Gabriel's stage performance. He had started to recite stories to introduce numbers as a way to cover the silence between songs, while the band tuned their instruments, or while technical faults were being fixed.[29]During a gig inDublinin September 1972, he disappeared from the set during the instrumental section of "The Musical Box"and reappeared in his wife's red dress and a fox's head, mimicking the album's cover. He kept the idea to himself as he felt the band would have voted against it. Despite some initial doubts from his bandmates, the incident received front-page coverage inMelody Maker,giving them national exposure which allowed the group to double their performance fee. One of Gabriel's stories was printed on the liner notes of their live album,Genesis Live(1973). By late 1973, following the success ofSelling England by the Pound(1973), which centred on English themes and literary and materialistic references, a typical Genesis show had Gabriel wear fluorescent make-up, a cape, and bat wings for "Watcher of the Skies",a helmet, chest plate, and a shield for"Dancing with the Moonlit Knight",various costumes for"Supper's Ready",and an old-man mask for" The Musical Box ".

The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway(1974) was Gabriel's final studio album with Genesis. He devised its story of the spiritual journey of Rael, a Puerto Rican youth living in New York City, and the bizarre incidents and characters he meets on the way. Tensions increased during this period as Gabriel wanted to write all of the lyrics himself, and split with the band after film directorWilliam Friedkinhad invited him to work on a screenplay. The project dissolved, and Gabriel returned to work with Genesis. Matters were complicated further with the difficult birth of Gabriel's first daughter, resulting in periods of time away from the band. In the end, Gabriel was late to deliver the lyrics and relied on contributions from Banks and Rutherford. In the liner notes, Gabriel is credited with "experiments with foreign sounds". He hadBrian Enoprovide additional electronic effects.

During a stop in Cleveland, Ohio, early into the album's tour, Gabriel informed the band of his intention to leave at its conclusion.[30][failed verification]Music critics often focused their reviews on Gabriel's theatrics and took the band's musical performance as secondary, which irritated the rest of the band.[31]The tour ended in May 1975, after which Gabriel wrote a piece for the press on 15 August, entitled "Out, Angels Out", about his departure, his disillusion with the business, and his desire to spend time with his family.[32]The news stunned fans of the group and left commentators wondering if the band could survive without him.[33][34]His exit resulted in drummerPhil Collinsreluctantly taking over on lead vocals after 400 singers were fruitlessly auditioned.

1975–1985: Solo debut with four self-titled albums

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Gabriel described his break from the music business as his "learning period", during which he took piano and music lessons. He had recorded demos by the end of 1975, the fruits of a period of writing around 20 songs with his friend Martin Hall.[35]After preparing material for a studio album Gabriel recorded his solo debut,Peter Gabriel,in 1976 and 1977 in Toronto and London, with producerBob Ezrin.

Gabriel did not title his first four studio albums. All were labelledPeter Gabriel,using the same typeface, with designs byHipgnosis."The idea is to do it like a magazine, which will only come out once a year," he remarked in 1978. "So it's the same title, the same lettering in the same place; only the photo is different."[36]Each album has, however, been given a nickname by fans, usually relating to the album cover.

Peter Gabriel(a.k.a.Peter Gabriel 1: Car) was released in February 1977 and reached No. 7 in the UK and No. 38 in the US. Itslead single,"Solsbury Hill",is an autobiographical song about a spiritual experience on top ofSolsbury Hillin Somerset. "It's about being prepared to lose what you have for what you might get..." said Gabriel. "It's about letting go."[37]Gabriel toured the album with an 80-date tour from March to November 1977 with a band that included guitaristRobert FrippofKing Crimsonoften playing off stage and introduced as "Dusty Rhodes".[38]

Gabriel on stage in 1978

In late 1977, Gabriel started recording thesecondPeter Gabrielstudio album(a.k.a.Peter Gabriel 2: Scratch) in the Netherlands, with Fripp as producer. Its "Mother of Violence" was written by Gabriel and his first wife Jill. Released in June 1978, the album went to No. 10 in the UK and No. 45 in the US. Gabriel's tour for the album lasted from August to December 1978. On this tour, Gabriel and his band shaved their heads.

Gabriel recorded thethirdPeter Gabrielstudio album(a.k.a.Peter Gabriel 3: Melt) in England in 1979. He had developed an interest in African music anddrum machinesand later hailed the record as his breakthrough. The album has been credited as the first to usegated reverbon the drums, creating a distinct sound.[39]While recording drums on "Intruder",one of the tracks featuringPhil Collins,Gabriel had Collins play various rhythms without using cymbals for several minutes as a basis to develop the song further. Collins used the gated effect on his debut solo single "In the Air Tonight"which became a signature sound in the 1980s and beyond.

Atlantic Records—Gabriel's US distributor, which had released his first two studio albums—refused to put it out. "An American A&R personcame over in the middle of recording and—other than attempting to make one track sound likethe Doobie Brothers,which he failed considerably to do—he was convinced that the thing was much too[adopts American accent]'esoteric, Peter'... He wasn't convinced then that they would want to do anything with it. And, sure enough, when it was sent over there, it was given the big elbow. "[40]

Gabriel signed arecording contractwithMercury Records.[41]Released in May 1980, the album went to No. 1 in the UK for three weeks. In the US, it peaked at No. 22. The single "Games Without Frontiers"went to No. 4 and"Biko"went to No. 36 in the UK. After a handful of shows in 1979, Gabriel toured the album from February to October 1980. The tour marked Gabriel's first instance ofcrowd surfingwhen he fell back into the audience in a crucifix position. The stunt became a staple of his live shows.[41][42]

Gabriel performing in 1980

OnPeter Gabrielfour(a.k.a.Peter Gabriel 4: Security), Gabriel took on greater responsibility over the production than before. He recorded it in 1981 and 1982, solely on digital tape, with a mobile studio parked at his home,Ashcombe House,in Somerset. Gabriel utilized aFairlight CMIdigitalsamplingsynthesizer and incorporated electronic instrumentation with sampling world beat percussion. "Over the course of the last two albums," he observed, "I've got back into a rhythm consciousness. And the writing—particularly with the invention of these drum machines—is fantastic. You can store in their memories rhythms that interest you and excite you. And then the groove will carry on without you, and the groove will be exactly what you want it to be, rather than what a drummer thinks is appropriate for what you're doing."[22]

The fourthPeter Gabriel,released in September 1982, hit No. 6 in the UK and No. 28 in the US. The second single, "Shock the Monkey",became Gabriel's first top 40 hit in the US, reaching No. 29. To handle American distribution, Gabriel signed withGeffen Records,which—initially unbeknown to Gabriel—titled the albumSecurityto differentiate it from the first three. Gabriel's 1982 tour lasted a year and became his first to make a profit.[43]Recordings from the tour were released on Gabriel's debut live release,Plays Live(1983).

Gabriel produced versions of the third and fourthPeter Gabrielalbums with German lyrics. The third consisted of the studio recordings, overdubbed with new vocals. The fourth was remixed, with several tracks extended or altered.

In 1983, Gabriel developed the soundtrack forAlan Parker's drama filmBirdy(1984), co-produced withDaniel Lanois.This consisted of new material, without lyrics, as well as remixed instrumentals from his previous studio album.

1985–1997:SoandUs

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After finishing the soundtrack toBirdy,Gabriel shifted his musical focus from rhythm and texture, as heard onPeter Gabrielfour andBirdy,towards more straightforward songs.[43]In 1985, he recorded his fifth studio album,So(also co-produced with Lanois).[44]Sowas released in May 1986 and reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in the US. It remains Gabriel's best-selling album with over five million copies sold in the US alone.[45][46]It produced three UK top 20 singles: "Sledgehammer","Big Time"and"Don't Give Up",a duet withKate Bush.[47]The first went to No. 1 on the USBillboardHot 100,Gabriel's only single of his career to do so. It knocked "Invisible Touch"by Genesis, his former band, out of the top spot, which was also their only US number one hit. In the UK, the single went to No. 4.[48]In 1990,Rolling StonerankedSoat No. 14 on its list of "Top 100 Albums of the Eighties".[49]

Gabriel performing in 1986

"Sledgehammer" was particularly successful, dealing with sex and sexual relations through lyrical innuendos. Its famed music video was a collaboration between directorStephen R. Johnson,Aardman Animations,[50]and theBrothers Quayand won a record nineMTV Video Music Awardsin 1987.[50]In 1998, it was named MTV's number one animated video of all time.[51]Soearned Gabriel two wins at the1987Brit Awardsfor Best British Male Solo Artist and Best British Video (for "Sledgehammer" ).[6]He was nominated for fourGrammy Awards:Best Male Rock Vocal Performance,Song of the Year,andRecord of the Yearfor "Sledgehammer", andAlbum of the YearforSo.[52]Gabriel toured worldwide to supportSowith the This Way Up Tour, from November 1986 to October 1987.

In 1988, Gabriel became involved as composer forMartin Scorsese's filmThe Last Temptation of Christ(1988). Scorsese had contacted Gabriel about the project since 1983 and wished, according to Gabriel, to present "the struggle between the humanity and divinity of Christ in a powerful and original way".[53]Gabriel used musicians fromWOMADto perform instrumental pieces with focus on rhythm and African, Middle Eastern and European textures, using theNational Sound Archivein London for additional inspiration.[53]The initial plan had dedicated ten weeks for recording before it was cut to three, leaving Gabriel unable to finish all the pieces he originally wanted to record.[53]When the film was finished, Gabriel worked on the soundtrack for an additional four months to develop more of his unfinished ideas. Its soundtrack was released asPassionin June 1989. It won Gabriel aGrammy AwardforBest New Age Performanceand a nomination for aGolden GlobeforBest Original Score – Motion Picture.In 1990, Gabriel put out his first compilation album,Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats,which sold 2 million copies in the US.

Up until 1989, Gabriel was managed byGail Colson.[54]From 1989 to 1992, Gabriel recorded his follow-up toSo,titledUs.The album saw Gabriel address personal themes, including his failed first marriage, psychotherapy, and the growing distance between him and his eldest daughter at the time.

Gabriel's introspection within the context of the albumUscan be seen in the first single release "Digging in the Dirt"directed by John Downer. Accompanied by a video featuring Gabriel covered in snails and various foliage, this song made reference to the psychotherapy which had taken up much of Gabriel's time since the previous studio album. Gabriel describes his struggle to get through to his daughter in"Come Talk to Me"directed byMatt Mahurin,which featured backing vocals bySinéad O'Connor.O'Connor also lent vocals to "Blood of Eden",directed byNichola Bruceand Michael Coulson, the third single to be released from the album, and once again dealing with relationship struggles, this time going right back toAdam's rib for inspiration.

The album is one of Gabriel's most personal. It met with less success thanSo,reaching No. 2 in the album chart on both sides of the Atlantic, and making modest chart impact with the singles "Digging in the Dirt" and the funkier "Steam",which evoked memories of" Sledgehammer ". Gabriel followed the release of the album with theSecret World Tour,first using touring keyboardist Joy Askew to sing O'Connor's part, then O'Connor herself for a few months.[55]O'Connor quit the tour, and was replaced byPaula Cole,the latter appearing on the tour recordings: a double albumSecret World Live,and a concert video also calledSecret World Live,both released in 1994.[56]The film received the 1996Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video,naming director Francois Girard and producer Robert Warr.[57]

Gabriel employed an innovative approach in the marketing of theUsalbum. Not wishing to feature only images of himself, he asked artist filmmakersNichola Bruceand Michael Coulson to co-ordinate a marketing campaign using contemporary artists. Artists such asHelen Chadwick,Rebecca Horn,Nils-Udo,Andy Goldsworthy,David MachandYayoi Kusamacollaborated to create original artworks for each song on the multi-million-selling CD. Coulson and Bruce documented the process on Hi-8 video. Bruce left Real World and Coulson continued with the campaign, using the documentary background material as the basis for a promotional EPK, the long-form videoAll About Usand the interactive CD-ROMXplora1: Peter Gabriel's Secret World.

Gabriel won three moreGrammy Awards,all in the Music Video category. He won theGrammy Award for Best Short Form Music Videoin 1993 and 1994 for the videos to "Digging in the Dirt" and "Steam", respectively. Gabriel also won the 1996Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Videofor hisSecret World Livevideo.

1997–2009:OVOandUp

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In 1997, Gabriel was invited to participate in the direction and soundtrack of theMillennium Dome Show,a live multimedia performance staged in theMillennium Domein London throughout 2000.[58]Gabriel said the team were given free rein, which contributed to the various problems they encountered with it, such as a lack of proper budgeting. He also felt that management, while succeeding to get the building finished on time, failed to understand the artistic side of the show and its content.[59]Gabriel's soundtrack was released asOVOin June 2000.The Story of OVOwas released in the CD-booklet-shapedcomic bookwhich was part of the CD edition with the title "OVO The Millennium Show".[60]

Around that same time, the Genesis greatest hits album,Turn It On Again: The Hits(1999), featured Gabriel sharing vocals withPhil Collinson a new version of "The Carpet Crawlers"entitled" The Carpet Crawlers 1999 ", produced byTrevor Horn.

In 2002 he stuck with soundtrack work for his next project, scoring for the Australian filmRabbit-Proof Fence(2002) withworldbeatmusic. Released in June 2002,Long Walk Home: Music from the Rabbit-Proof Fencereceived a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Original Score – Motion Picture.

Later in 2002,Up,Gabriel's first full-length studio album in a decade, was released in September 2002. He started work on it in 1995 before production halted three years later to focus time on other projects and collaborations. Work resumed in 2000, by which time Gabriel had 130 potential songs for the album, and spent almost two years on it before management atVirgin Recordspushed Gabriel to complete it.[61]Upreached No. 9 in the US and No. 11 in the UK, and supported with a world tour with a band that included Gabriel's daughter Melanie on backing vocals. The tour was documented with two live DVDs:Growing Up Live(2003) andStill Growing Up: Live & Unwrapped(2005).

In 2004, Gabriel met with his former Genesis bandmates to discuss the possibility of stagingThe Lamb Lies Down on Broadway(1974) as a reunion tour. He ultimately dismissed the idea, paving the way for Banks, Rutherford and Collins to organise theTurn It On Again: The Tour.Gabriel produced and performed at theEden Project Live 8 concertin July 2005. He joinedCat Stevenson stage to perform "Wild World"duringNelson Mandela's46664concert. In 2005,FIFAasked Gabriel and Brian Eno to organise an opening ceremony for the2006 FIFA World Cupin Germany, but FIFA cancelled the idea in January 2006. At the opening ceremony of the2006 Winter OlympicsinTurin,Gabriel performedJohn Lennon's "Imagine".[62]

In November 2006, the Seventh World Summit ofNobel Peace Laureatesin Rome presented Gabriel with theMan of Peaceaward. The award, presented by former General Secretary of the USSR and Nobel Peace Prize winnerMikhail GorbachevandWalter Veltroni,Mayor of Rome, was an acknowledgement of Gabriel's extensive contribution and work on behalf of human rights and peace. The award was presented in the Giulio Cesare Hall of the Campidoglio in Rome. At the end of the year, he was awarded theQmagazine Lifetime Achievement Award, presented to him by American musicianMoby.In an interview published in the magazine to accompany the award, Gabriel's contribution to music was described as "vast and enduring."

Gabriel at the 2007BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards

Gabriel took on a project with theBBC World Service's competition "The Next Big Thing" to find the world's best young band. Gabriel judged the final six young artists withWilliam Orbit,Geoff TravisandAngélique Kidjo.

In June 2008, Gabriel releasedBig Blue Ball,an album of various artists collaborating with each other at his Real World Studios across three summers in the 1990s. He planned its release in the US without assistance from a label; he raised £2 million towards the recording and distribution of the album withIngenious Mediawith the worldwide release handled throughWarner Bros. Records.[63]Gabriel appeared on a nationwide tour for the album in 2009.[64]

Gabriel was a judge for the 6th and 8th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists.[65]

Gabriel contributed to thePixarfilmWALL-Esoundtrack in 2008 withThomas Newman,including the film's closing song, "Down to Earth",for which they received theGrammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.The song was also nominated for aGolden Globe Award for Best Original Songand anAcademy Award for Best Original Song.In February 2009, Gabriel announced that he would not be performing on the2008 Academy Awardstelecast because producers of the show were limiting his performance of "Down to Earth" fromWALL-Eto 90 seconds. According to Gabriel, his window was reduced to 65 seconds.John Legendand theSoweto Gospel Choirperformed the song in his stead.[66]

Gabriel's 2009 tour appearances included Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru and Venezuela. His first ever performance in Peru was held in Lima on 20 March 2009, during his second visit to the country.

On 25 July 2009, he played at WOMAD Charlton Park, his only European performance of the year, to promote Witness. The show included two tracks from the then-forthcomingScratch My Back:Paul Simon's "The Boy in the Bubble" andthe Magnetic Fields' "The Book of Love".[67]

2009–2019:Scratch My Back,New Bloodand further side projects

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Gabriel performing at the 2011 Skoll Awards

In 2009, Gabriel recordedScratch My Back,an album of cover songs by various artists includingDavid Bowie,Lou Reed,Arcade Fire,Radiohead,Regina SpektorandNeil Young.The original concept was for Gabriel to cover an artists' song if they, in turn, covered one of his for an album simultaneously released asI'll Scratch Yours,but several participants later declined or were late to deliver and it was placed on hold.[68]Gabriel avoided using drums and guitar in favour of orchestral arrangements, and altered his usual songwriting method by finishing the vocals first and then the song, for which he collaborated withJohn Metcalfe.[69]Released in February 2010,Scratch My Backreached No. 12 in the UK. Gabriel toured worldwide with the New Blood Tour from March 2010 to July 2012 with a 54-piece orchestra and his daughterMelanieand Norwegian singer-songwriterAne Brunon backing vocals. The follow-up,And I'll Scratch Yours,was released in September 2013.

During the New Blood Tour, Gabriel decided to expand on theScratch My Backconcept and, with Metcalfe's assistance, re-record a collection of his own songs with an orchestra. The result,New Blood,was released in October 2011.[70]

In September 2012, Gabriel kicked off hisBack to Front Tourwhich featuredSo(1986) performed in its entirety with the original musicians who played on the album, to mark its 25th anniversary.[71]When the opening leg finished a month later, Gabriel took one year off to travel the world with his children.[72][73]The tour resumed with a European leg from September 2013 to December 2014.[74]

In 2014, Gabriel was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fameas a solo artist byColdplayfrontmanChris Martin.They performed Gabriel's "Washing of the Water" together. Gabriel performed "Heroes"byDavid Bowiewith an orchestra at a concert in Berlin to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the fall of theBerlin Wallin November 2014.

In 2016, he was featured on the song "A.I."by American pop rock bandOneRepublicfrom their fourth studio albumOh My My.[75][76][77]

In June 2016, Gabriel released the single "I'm Amazing". The song was written several years prior, in part as a tribute to boxerMuhammad Ali.[78]That month, he embarked on a joint tour withStingtitled The Rock Paper Scissors North American Tour.[79]

Gabriel re-emerged in 2019 with the release ofRated PG,a compilation of songs that were created for film soundtracks throughout his career. The song selection spans over 30 years and includes tracks that had never been released on an official Gabriel album previously, including "Down to Earth"(fromWALL-E) and "That'll Do" (fromBabe: Pig in the City), an Oscar-nominated collaboration withRandy Newman.Initially only released on vinyl forRecord Store Dayon 13 April, the album was eventually released on digital streaming services later that month.[80]Later that same year, Gabriel issued another digital release on 13 September titledFlotsam and Jetsam,a collection ofB-sides,remixes and rarities that span Gabriel's entire solo career from 1976 to 2016, including his first solo recording, a cover ofthe Beatles' song "Strawberry Fields Forever".[81]

2022–present:I/Oand possible follow-up album

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By 2002, Gabriel had been continually working on what he had given the tentative title ofI/O,his tenth studio album, which he had begun work on as early as 1995.[82][83]It was originally set to be released 18 months afterUp,but touring pushed the release far away.[84]He did an interview withRolling Stonein 2005 stating that he had 150 songs in various stages.[85]From 2013 to 2016, he posted regularly on social media about recording the new album.[86]In 2019, he spoke onBBC Radio 6about how he had taken a hiatus from making music due to his wife being sick, but he had begun to return to it now that she had recovered.[87]In 2021, he was interviewed multiple times about his new album, and revealed that he had been recording withManu Katché,Tony LevinandDavid Rhodeson 17 new songs.[88][89]He posted multiple photos to his Facebook and Instagram of these sessions.[90][91]In June 2022, Katché told the French magazineL'Illustréthat the album was nearly complete and would be released later that year, pending an official announcement.[92][93][94]

In November 2022, Gabriel announced his upcoming "I/O The Tour"for the spring of 2023 across several European cities, with later dates to be confirmed for the North America leg of the tour for the late summer/fall of 2023.[95]This announcement also confirmed the name of the upcoming album to be stylised asI/O.The first single from the album, "Panopticom",was released digitally on 6 January 2023.[96]A new piece from the album will be released on the date of each full moon in 2023,[97]as well as a different mix of the song on each new moon in 2023, starting with the Dark Side Mix of "Panopticom".[98]On 5 February, Gabriel released "The Court",the second single from the album. On 7 March, Gabriel released the third single,"Playing for Time".A basic arrangement of the song featuring only Gabriel on piano and Levin on bass had already opened the shows on theBack to Front Tour,by the name of "Daddy Long Legs".[99][100]The title track "I/O"was the fourth single released on 6 April. On 5 May, Peter Gabriel released the fifth single from the album,"Four Kinds of Horses",a track which is a collaboration withBrian EnoandRichard Russell.The sixth single, "Road to Joy",was released on 4 June. Six more singles were released, separately, within the next six months—"So Much","Olive Tree","Love Can Heal","This Is Home","And Still"and"Live and Let Live"—beforeI/Owas finally released on 1 December 2023.[101]

One day prior toI/O's release, Gabriel toldThe New York Timesthat he does not expect a follow-up album (which he described as his "brain project" ) to take another 21 years, saying that "there's a lot of stuff in the can" but added that the material is not yet finished.[102]

Additionally, Gabriel stated in his November 2023 Full Moon update video that the track "What Lies Ahead" will be on "the next record".[103]He performed "What Lies Ahead" several times in 2023 and it was a contender forI/O.

Artistry

[edit]

Stylistically, Gabriel's music has been alternately described by music writers asprogressive rock,[1]art rock,[104]art pop,[105]worldbeat,[106]post-progressive[107]andprogressive soul.[108]According toRolling Stonejournalist Ryan Reed, Gabriel has developed in all as an "art-rock innovator, soul-pop craftsman, [and] 'world music' ambassador" over the course of his career,[109]while music scholar Gregg Akkermann argues that, despite his progressive rock origins, he has "managed to attract fans from across the spectrum: prog rock, alternative rock, world beat, blue-eyed soul, dance music, the college crowd, the teens, Americans and Europeans".[110]More broadly,AllMusic'sStephen Thomas Erlewinesays Gabriel emerged during the 1980s as "one of rock's most ambitious, innovative musicians", as well as "an international pop star".[111]

Gabriel has worked with a relatively stable crew of musicians and recording engineers throughout his solo career. Bass andStickplayerTony Levinhas performed on every Gabriel studio album and every live tour except forScratch My Back(2010), the soundtracksPassion(1989) andLong Walk Home(2002), and the New Blood Tour. GuitaristDavid Rhodeshas been Gabriel's guitarist of choice since 1979. Prior toSo(1986),Jerry Marottawas Gabriel's preferred drummer, both in the studio and on the road. (For theSoandUsalbums and tours Marotta was replaced byManu Katché,who was then replaced byGed Lynchon parts of theUpalbum and all of the subsequent tour). Gabriel is known for choosing top-flight collaborators, from co-producers such as Ezrin, Fripp, Lillywhite and Lanois to musicians such asNatalie Merchant,Elizabeth Fraser,L. Shankar,Trent Reznor,Youssou N'Dour,Larry Fast,Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan,Sinéad O'Connor,Kate Bush,Ane Brun,Paula Cole,John Giblin,Dave Gregory,Peter Hammill,Papa Wemba,Manu Katché,Bayete,Milton Nascimento,Phil Collins,Stewart CopelandandOneRepublic.

Over the years, Gabriel has collaborated with singerKate Bushseveral times; Bush provided backing vocals for Gabriel's "Games Without Frontiers" and "No Self Control" in 1980, and female lead vocal for "Don't Give Up" (a top 10 hit in the UK) in 1986, and Gabriel appeared on her television special. Their duet ofRoy Harper's "Another Day"was discussed for release as a single, but never appeared.[112]

He also collaborated withavant-gardeartistLaurie Andersonon two versions of her composition "Excellent Birds" —one for her second albumMister Heartbreak(1984),[113]and another version called "This is the Picture (Excellent Birds)", which appeared oncassetteand CD versions ofSo.

Gabriel sang (along withJim KerrofSimple Minds) on "Everywhere I Go", fromthe Call's 1986 studio album,Reconciled.OnToni Childs' 1994 studio album,The Woman's Boat,Gabriel sang on the track, "I Met a Man".[114]

In 1998, Gabriel appeared on the soundtrack ofBabe: Pig in the Cityas the lead vocalist of the song "That'll Do", written byRandy Newman.The song was nominated for anAcademy Award,and Gabriel and Newman performed it at the following year's Oscar telecast. He performed a similar soundtrack appearance for the 2004 filmShall We Dance?,singing acover versionof "The Book of Love"bythe Magnetic Fields.

In 1987, Gabriel appeared onRobbie Robertson'sself-titled solo studio album,singing on "Fallen Angel"; co-wrote twoTom Robinsonsingles; and appeared onJoni Mitchell's 1988 studio albumChalk Mark in a Rain Storm,on the opening track "My Secret Place".

In 2001, Gabriel contributed lead vocals to the song "When You're Falling" onAfro Celt Sound System'sVolume 3: Further in Time.[115]In the summer of 2003, Gabriel performed in Ohio with a guest performance by Uzbek singerSevara Nazarkhan.

Gabriel collaborated on tracks with electronic musicianBT,who also worked on theOVOsoundtrack with him. The tracks were never released, as the computers they were contained on were stolen from BT's home in California. He also sang the lyrics forDeep Foreston their theme song for the movieStrange Days(1995). In addition, Gabriel has appeared onAngelique Kidjo's 2007 studio albumDjin Djin,singing on the song "Salala".

Gabriel has recorded a cover of theVampire Weekendsingle "Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa"withHot Chip,where his name is mentioned several times in the chorus. He substitutes the original line "But this feels so unnatural / Peter Gabriel too / This feels so unnatural/ Peter Gabriel too" with "It feels so unnatural / Peter Gabriel too / and it feels so unnatural / to sing your own name."[116]

Gabriel collaborated withArcade Fireon their 2022 studio album,We.He sang backing vocals on the track "Unconditional II (Race and Religion)".[117]

WOMAD and other projects

[edit]

Gabriel's interest inworld musicwas first apparent on his third solo studio album. According to Spencer Kornhaber inThe Atlanticin 2019: "When Peter Gabriel moved toward 'world music' four decades ago, he not only evangelized sounds that were novel to Western pop. He also set a radio template: majestic, with flourishes meant to read as 'exotic,' and lyrics meant to change lives."[118]This influence has increased over time, and he is the driving force behind theWorld of Music, Arts and Dance(WOMAD) movement. Gabriel said:

The first time I really got into music from another culture was as a result of the shifting ofRadio 4,which I used to wake up to. I'd lost it onmedium waveand was groping around in the morning on the dial, trying to find something that I could listen to, and came across a Dutch radio station who were playing the soundtrack from some obscureStanley Bakermovie calledDingaka.That had quite a lot of stuff from—I think it was—Ghana. I can't remember now, but it really moved me. One of the songs I heard on that was a thing called 'Shosholoza', which I recorded on the b-side of the 'Biko' single.[119]

Gabriel created theReal World Studiosand record label to facilitate the creation and distribution of such music by various artists, and he has worked to educate Western culture about such musicians asYungchen Lhamo,Nusrat Fateh Ali KhanandYoussou N'dour.

He has a longstanding interest in human rights and launchedWitness,[120]a charity that trains human rights activists to use video and online technologies to expose human rights abuses. In 2006, his work with WITNESS and his long-standing support of peace and human rights causes was recognised by theNobel Peace PrizeLaureates with theMan of Peaceaward.

In the 1990s, with Steve Nelson of Brilliant Media and director Michael Coulson, he developed advanced multimedia CD-ROM-based entertainment projects, creatingXplora(the world's largest-selling music CD-ROM), and subsequently theEVECD-ROM.EVEwas a music and art adventure game directed by Michael Coulson and co-produced by theStarwaveCorporation in Seattle; it won the Milia d'Or award Grand Prize at the Cannes in 1996.

In 1990, Gabriel lent his backing vocals to Ugandan political exileGeoffrey Oryema's "Land of Anaka", appearing on Oryema's first studio albumExile,released on Gabriel's Real World label.[121]

In 1994, Gabriel starred inBreck Eisner's short filmReconas a detective who enters the minds of murder victims to find their killer's identity.

Gabriel helped pioneer a new realm of musical interaction in 2001, visitingGeorgia State University's Language Research Center to participate in keyboard jam sessions withbonoboapes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (This experience inspired the song "Animal Nation", which was performed on Gabriel's 2002 "Growing Up" tour and was featured on theGrowing Up LiveDVD andThe Wild Thornberrys Moviesoundtrack.) Gabriel's desire to bring attention to the intelligence of primates also took the form of ApeNet, a project that aimed to link great apes through the internet, enabling the first interspecies internet communication.[122]

He was one of the founders of on Demand Distribution (OD2), one of the first online music download services. Prior to its closure in 2009, its technology had been used by over 100 music download sites including MSN Music UK, MyCokeMusic, Planet Internet (KPN), Wanadoo and CD WOW!. OD2 was bought by US company Loudeye in June 2004 and subsequently by Finnish mobile giantNokiain October 2006 for $60 million.[123]

Gabriel is co-founder (withBrian Eno) of a musicians union called Mudda, short for "magnificent union of digitally downloading artists."[124][125]

In 2000, Gabriel collaborated withZucchero,Anggunand others in a charity for kids withAIDS.Erick Benzi wrote words and music and Patrick Bruel, Stephan Eicher, Faudel, Lokua Kanza, Laam, Nourith, Axelle Red have accepted to sing it.[126]

In 2003, Gabriel contributed a song for the video gameUru: Ages Beyond Myst.[127]In 2004, Gabriel contributed another song ( "Curtains" ) and contributed voice work on another game in theMystfranchise,Myst IV: Revelation.[128]

In June 2005, Gabriel and broadcast industry entrepreneurDavid EngelkepurchasedSolid State Logic,a manufacturer of mi xing consoles and digital audio workstations.[129]In 2017, the company was sold to theAudiotonixGroup.[130]

In May 2008, Gabriel'sReal World Studios,in partnership withBowers & Wilkins,started the Bowers & Wilkins Music Club—later known as Society of Sound—a subscription-based music retail site. Albums are currently available in eitherApple LosslessorFLACformat.[131]

He is one of the founding supporters of the annual global eventAsteroid Day.[132]

Activist for humanitarian causes

[edit]

In 1986, he started what has become a longstanding association withAmnesty International,becoming a pioneering participant in all 28 of Amnesty'sHuman rights concerts—a series of music events and tours staged by the US Section of Amnesty International between 1986 and 1998. He performed during the six-concertA Conspiracy of HopeUS tour in June 1986; the twenty-concertHuman Rights Now!world tour in 1988; theChile: Embrace of Hope Concertin 1990 and atThe Paris Concert for Amnesty Internationalin 1998. He also performed in Amnesty'sSecret Policeman's Ballbenefit shows in collaboration with other artists and friends such as Lou Reed,David GilmourofPink Floydand Youssou N'Dour; Gabriel closed those concerts performing his anti-apartheidanthem "Biko".[133] He spoke of his support for Amnesty onNBC'sToday Showin 1986.[134]

Inspired by the social activism he encountered in his work with Amnesty, in 1992, Gabriel co-foundedWITNESS,a non-profit organisation that equips, trains and supports locally based organisations worldwide to use video and the internet in human rights documentation and advocacy.

In 1995, Gabriel and Cape Verdean human rights activistVera Duartewere awarded theNorth–South Prizein its inaugural year.[135][136]

Gabriel at WITNESS Gala 2007

In the late 1990s, Gabriel and entrepreneurRichard Bransondiscussed withNelson Mandelatheir idea of a small, dedicated group of leaders, working objectively and without any vested personal interest to solve difficult global conflicts.

On 18 July 2007, inJohannesburg,South Africa, Nelson Mandela announced the formation of a new group,The Elders,in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday.Kofi Annanserved as Chair of the Elders andGro Harlem Brundtlandas deputy chair. The other members of the group areMartti Ahtisaari,Ela Bhatt,Lakhdar Brahimi,Fernando Henrique Cardoso,Jimmy Carter,[137]Hina Jilani,Graça Machel,Mary Robinson[137]andErnesto Zedillo.Desmond Tutuwas an Honorary Elder, as was Nelson Mandela. The Elders is independently funded by a group of donors, including Branson and Gabriel.

The Elders use their collective skills to catalyse peaceful resolutions to long-standing conflicts, articulate new approaches to global issues that are causing or may later cause immense human suffering, and share wisdom by helping to connect voices all over the world. They work together to consider carefully which specific issues to approach.

In November 2007, Gabriel's non-profit group WITNESS launched The Hub, a participatory media site for human rights.

In September 2008, Gabriel was named as the recipient of Amnesty International's 2008Ambassador of Conscience Award.In the same month, he receivedQuadrigaUnited We Careaward of Werkstatt Deutschland along withBoris Tadić,Eckart Höflingand Wikipedia. The award was presented to him byQueen Silvia of Sweden.[138]

In 2010, Gabriel lent his support to the campaign to releaseSakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani,an Iranian Azeri woman who was sentenced to death by stoning after being convicted of committing adultery.[139]

In December 2013, Gabriel posted a video message in tribute to the deceased former South African president and anti-apartheid leaderNelson Mandela.Gabriel was quoted:

To come out of 27 years in jail and to immediately set about building a Rainbow Nation with your sworn enemy is a unique and extraordinary example of courage and forgiveness. In this case, Mandela had seen many of his people beaten, imprisoned and murdered, yet he was still willing to trust the humanity and idealism of those who had been the oppressors, without whom he knew he could not achieve an almostpeaceful transition of power.There is no other example of such inspirational leadership in my lifetime.[140][141]

Gabriel has criticisedAir Francefor their continued transport of monkeys to laboratories. In a letter to the airline, Gabriel wrote that in laboratories, "primates are violently force-fed chemicals, inflicted with brain damage, crippled, addicted to cocaine or alcohol, deprived of food and water, or psychologically tormented and ultimately killed."[142]

In March 2014, Gabriel publicly supported #withsyria, a campaign to rally support for victims of theSyrian Civil War.[143]

In November 2014, Gabriel, along withPussy RiotandIron & Winesupported Hong Kong protesters atHong Kong's Lennon Wallin their efforts.[144]

In March 2015, Gabriel was awarded an honorary doctorate by theUniversity of South Australiain recognition of his commitment to creativity and its transformational power in building peace and understanding.[145]

He composed the song "The Veil" forOliver Stone's filmSnowden(2016).[146]

Political views

[edit]

Gabriel has been described as one of rock's most political musicians byAllMusic.[15]In 1992, on the 20th anniversary of theBloody Sundaymassacre, Gabriel joinedPeter Hain,Jeremy Corbyn,Tony Benn,Ken Loach,John PilgerandAdrian Mitchellin voicing his support for a demonstration in London calling for British withdrawal fromNorthern Ireland.[147]

At the1997 general election,he declared his support for theLabour Party,which won that election by a landslide after 18 years out of power, led byTony Blair.[148]In 1998, he was named in a list of the biggest private financial donors to Labour.[149]He subsequently distanced himself from the Labour government following Tony Blair's support forGeorge W. Bushand Britain's involvement in theIraq War,which he strongly opposed.[137]Gabriel later explained his decision for funding Labour, saying, "after all those years ofThatcher,that was the only time I've put money into a political party because I wanted to help get rid of theTorygovernment of that time. "[150]

In 2005, Gabriel gave aGreen Party of England and Walesgeneral election candidate special permission to record a cover of his song "Don't Give Up"for his campaign.[151]In 2010,The Guardiandescribed Gabriel as "a staunch advocate ofproportional representation."[152]In 2013, he stated that he had become more interested in online petitioning organisations to effect change than traditional party politics.[137]

In 2012, Gabriel condemned the use of his music by the Americanconservative talk radiopersonalityRush Limbaughduringa controversial segment in which Limbaugh vilifiedGeorgetown Universitylaw studentSandra Fluke.A statement on behalf of Gabriel read: "Peter was appalled to learn that his music was linked to Rush Limbaugh's extraordinary attack on Sandra Fluke. It is obvious from anyone that knows Peter's work that he would never approve such a use. He has asked his representatives to make sure his music is withdrawn and especially from these unfair, aggressive and ignorant comments."[153]

In 2016, Gabriel supported the UK's continued membership of theEuropean Unionin thereferendum on the issue.[154]

Gabriel has declared his support for thetwo-state solutionto theIsraeli–Palestinian conflict.In 2014, he contributed songs to a new compilation album to raise funds for humanitarian organisations aiding Palestinian Arabs inGaza.Gabriel was quoted: "I am certain that Israelis and Palestinians will both benefit from a two-state solution based on the 1967 borders. We have watched Palestinians suffer for too long, especially in Gaza. I am not, and never was, anti-Israeli oranti-Semitic,but I oppose the policy of the Israeli government, oppose injustice and oppose the occupation... I am proud to be one of the voices asking the Israeli government: 'Where is the two-state solution that you wanted so much?' and clearly say that enough is enough. "[155]In 2019, Gabriel was among 50 artists who urged theBBCto ask for theEurovision Song Contestto be moved out of Israel, citing human rights concerns.[156]In 2023, Gabriel signed theArtists4Ceasefireopen letter to PresidentJoe Bidencalling for a ceasefire during theIsraeli bombardment of Gaza.[157]

Gabriel has been in support of theArmenian genociderecognition.[158]In October 2020, he posted a message on social media in support ofArmeniaandArtsakhin regards to theNagorno-Karabakh war.He said, "The fighting that has now broken out between Azerbaijan and Armenia is really horrific and we need to lobby whoever we can to encourage a ceasefire, but hearing reports that PresidentErdoğanhas now lined up 80,000 Turkish troops on the Armenian border is a terrifying prospect, full of the dark echoes of history. "[159]

[edit]

Gabriel's music featured prominently on the popular 1980s television showMiami Vice.The songs include "The Rhythm of the Heat" and "Biko"(from" Evan "),"Red Rain"(from" Stone's War "),"Mercy Street"(from" Killshot "),"Sledgehammer"(from" Better Living Through Chemistry ")," We Do What We're Told (Milgram's 37) "(from" Forgive Us Our Debts "and" Deliver Us from Evil ") and"Don't Give Up"(from" Redemption in Blood "). With seven songs used total, Gabriel had the most music featured by a solo artist in the series, and he is the only artist to have had a song used in four of Vice's five seasons. Five of the nine tracks on his most popular albumSo(1986) were used in the series.

Gabriel’s song "In Your Eyes"features twice in the teen romance dramaSay Anything(1989). It is the song playing on Lloyd Dobler’s boombox as he serenades Diane, creating the film’s most iconic scene.

Gabriel's cover ofDavid Bowie's "Heroes"was featured in the fourth season finale ofBig Love,as well as the first season and the ending scene ofStranger Thingsseason 3 and the ending credits ofLone Survivor.The song also features in 'Children of Mars', a 2020 episode of the web seriesStar Trek: Short Treks.

A series of spoof documentaries about the fictitious rock starBrian Pernwere based loosely on Gabriel.[160]

In 2021, Northern Irish post-punk band Invaderband released their second studio album entitled 'Peter Gabriel'.[161]The sleeve was a painting of Gabriel byLuke Haines.

Personal life

[edit]

Gabriel has married twice and has four children. In 1971, at age 21, he married Jill Moore, daughter of BaronPhilip Moore.[162]They had two daughters,[137]one of whom, Anna-Marie, is a filmmaker who filmed and directed Gabriel's live DVDsGrowing Up on Tour: A Family Portrait(2003),Still Growing Up: Live & Unwrapped(2005) and some of his music videos. Melanie is a musician who had been a backing vocalist in her father's band in 2002–2011. Both daughters appear in the final sequence of the video for their father's song "Sledgehammer".

Gabriel's marriage became increasingly strained, culminating in Moore's affair withDavid Lord,the co-producer of Gabriel'sfourth studio album.After the coupledivorcedin 1987, Gabriel fell into a period of depression and attended therapy sessions for six years.

For a time after his divorce, Gabriel lived with American actressRosanna Arquette.[162]In 2021, Irish singerSinéad O'Connorsaid that she maintained an on-and-off relationship with Gabriel in the wake of his divorce. She ended the relationship because of her frustration with his lack of commitment, which inspired her single "Thank You for Hearing Me".[163]

Gabriel married Meabh Flynn in 2002, with whom he has two sons.[68][162]

Gabriel has resided inWiltshirefor many years and runsReal World StudiosfromBox, Wiltshire.He previously lived in the Woolley Valley nearBath, Somerset.In 2010, he joined a campaign to stop agricultural development in the valley, which had also inspired his first solo single, "Solsbury Hill",in 1977.[164]

Discography

[edit]

Studio albums

Soundtracks

Awards and nominations

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
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Works cited

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