Photomultiplier
Aphotomultiplieris a device that convertsincident photonsinto anelectrical signal.
Kinds of photomultiplier include:
- Photomultiplier tube,avacuum tubeconverting incident photons into an electric signal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs for short) are members of the class ofvacuum tubes,and more specifically vacuumphototubes,which are extremely sensitive detectors of light in theultraviolet,visible,andnear-infraredranges of theelectromagnetic spectrum.
- Magnetic photomultiplier,developed by the Soviets in the 1930s.
- Electrostatic photomultiplier,a kind of photomultiplier tube demonstrated byJan Rajchmanof RCA Laboratories in Princeton, NJ in the late 1930s which became the standard for all future commercial photomultipliers. The first mass-produced photomultiplier, the Type 931, was of this design and is still commercially produced today.[1]
- Silicon photomultiplier,asolid-state deviceconverting incident photons into an electric signal. Silicon photomultipliers, often called "SiPM" in the literature, aresolid-statesingle-photon-sensitive devices based onSingle-photon avalanche diode(SPAD) implemented on common silicon substrate.[2][3]
References[edit]
- ^J. Rajchman and E.W. Pike, RCA Technical Report TR-362, "Electrostatic Focusing in Secondary Emission Multipliers," September 9, 1937.
- ^Détecteurs SiPM
- ^Silicon Photom ultiplier Technology at STMicroelectronics From SPAD to SiPM
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