Pietro Testa

Drawing by Testa

Pietro Testa(1611–1650) was an Italian HighBaroqueartist active inRome.He is best known as aprintmakerand draftsman.

Biography

He was born inLucca,and thus is sometimes calledil Lucchesino.He moved to Rome early in life. One source states he was ejected from theCortonastudio in 1631, soon after joining the workshop.Others state Testa trained underPietro Paolinior underDomenichino,for whom he worked under the patronage ofCassiano dal Pozzo.He was friends withNicolas PoussinandFrancesco Mola.

Some of hisetchings,which often include work indrypoint,have a fantastic quality reminiscent ofJacques Callot,or embellishments of his Genoese contemporaryGiovanni Benedetto Castiglioneand even presciently suggestWilliam Blake.HisSacrifice of Iphigeniaappears to have influencedTiepolo's rendition atVilla Valmarana Ai NaniinVicenza.His early prints, from the 1630s, were often religious and were influenced byFederico Barocci.These achieve very delicate effects of light; his later ones became harder and more austere in style, as he attempted a personal version of neo-classicism, under the influence of the Carracci. Many of his later subjects were original classical subjects, the most ambitious reflecting his personal struggles. His prints were successful and frequently copied.

Between 1638 and 1644, Testa completed what is perhaps his most important work, a set of complex and highly detailedetchingson the theme ofThe Seasons,which served as an expression of his interest in Platonic philosophy. Sympathetic contemporaries considered these his "finest and most important works."

Testa was influenced byLeonardo da Vincito favor direct observation of natural phenomena, a fact that may have limited his productivity as an artist and might even have caused his death. Accounts of Testa's death are confused and contradictory, some suggesting murder or suicide. Testa was described as melancholic in temperament; his difficult personality caused problematic dealings with his patrons such as Niccolò Simonelli, and a series of projects had ended in frustration.Yet his earliest biographer, the 17th-century authorFilippo Baldinucci,indicates that the death was accidental. Commenting on Testa's habit of "depicting night scenes and changes in the atmosphere and in the sky," Baldinucci states that Testa was standing on aTiberriverbank, "drawing and observing some reflections of the rainbow in the water," when he fell in and drowned.

Some works

• Garden of Venus&Sacrifice of Iphigenia[1]
• Sacrifice of Isaac[2]
• Alcibiades Interrupts Socrates' Symposium[3]
• Return of the Prodigal Son[4]
• Nymphs and Satyrs in a Landscape[5]

Sources

• Cropper, Elizabeth.The Ideal of Painting: Pietro Testa's Düsseldorf Notebook.Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1984.
• Cropper, Elizabeth,ed.Pietro Testa, 1612-1650: Prints and Drawings.Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1988.
• Freedberg, Sydney J.Painting in Italy: 1500 to 1600 (The Pelican History of Art).New York, Penguin, 1979.
• Gage, John.Color and Culture: Practice and Meaning From Antiquity to Abstraction.Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1993.
• Kammen, Michael G.Time to Every Purpose: The Four Seasons in American Culture.Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
• Wittkower, Rudolf.Art and Architecture in Italy: 1600 to 1750 (The Pelican History of Art).New York, Viking, 1973.

External links

• good selection of etchings (and copies etc) from San Francisco
• Two etchings from the MMA
• Two etchings at the Art Museum of Estonia