Tricholoma magnivelare
| Tricholoma magnivelare | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Tricholomataceae |
| Genus: | Tricholoma |
| Species: | T. magnivelare
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead (1984)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Tricholoma magnivelare | |
|---|---|
 | Gillsonhymenium |
 | Capisconvex |
 | Hymeniumisadnate oradnexed |
 | Stipehas aring |
 | Spore printiswhite |
 | Ecology ismycorrhizal |
 | Edibility ischoice |
Tricholoma magnivelare,commonly known as thematsutake,white matsutake,[2]ponderosa mushroom,pine mushroom,orAmerican matsutake,[3]is agilled mushroomfound East of theRocky MountainsinNorth Americagrowing in coniferous woodland. Theseectomycorrhizalfungi are typicallyediblespecies that exist in asymbioticrelationship with various species ofpine,commonlyjack pine.They belong to the genusTricholoma,which includes the closely relatedEast Asiansongi ormatsutakeas well as the Western matsutake (T. murrillianum) and Meso-American matsutake (T. mesoamericanum).
Taxonomy
[edit]Until recently, the nameTricholoma magnivelaredescribed all matsutake mushrooms found in North America. Since the early 2000s, molecular data has indicated the presence of separate species in the prior group, with only those found in the EasternUnited StatesandCanadaretaining the nameT. magnivelare.[4]
Description
[edit]The cap ranges from5–20 centimetres (2–7+7⁄8in) in width, and is white with reddish-yellow or brown spots. The stalk is4–15 cm (1+5⁄8–5+7⁄8in) tall and 2–6 cm wide. The spores are white.[5]
Themyceliumis thought to be parasitized by the plantAllotropa virgata,[6]which primarily feeds onmatsutake.[7]
Chemistry
[edit]This mushroom is noted for its distinctive odour/flavour. The major compound identified from fresh sporocarps is the fragrant compound, methyl cinnamate. Also, Alpha -pinene and bornyl acetate are present in trace amounts in uncrushed samples. Tissue disruption of the sporocarp produces large amounts of 1-octen-3-ol, a compound found in many mushrooms that has a typical mushroom-like odour. Cultures of the secondary mycelium ofT. magnivelaredid not have any of the compounds found in the sporocarp. The major volatile component of mycelial cultures is 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. 3,5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and hexanal were identified as minor components from these cultures.[8]
Similar species
[edit]Similar species in the genus includeTricholoma apium,[6]T. caligatum,T. focale,andT. vernaticum.[5]Other similar species includeCatathelasma imperiale,C. ventricosum,Russula brevipes,and the poisonousAmanita smithiana.[6]
Uses
[edit]While tough,[5]the mushroom can be eaten both raw and cooked[9]and is considered choice.[10]In recent years, globalization and wider social acceptability ofmushroom huntinghas made collection of pine mushrooms widely popular in North America. However, seriouspoisoningshave resulted from confusion of this mushroom with poisonous whiteAmanitaspecies.[11]
Local mushroom hunters sell their harvest daily to local depots, which rush them to airports. The mushrooms are then shipped fresh by air toAsiawhere demand is high and prices are at a premium.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"GSD Species Synonymy:Tricholoma magnivelare(Peck) Redhead ".Species Fungorum. CAB International.Retrieved2014-05-06.
- ^Arora, David (1986).Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi(Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.ISBN978-0-89815-169-5.
- ^Tricholoma magnivelare.Botany.Wisc.edu. Accessed March 23, 2012.
- ^Trudell, Steven A.; Xu, Jianping; Saar, Irja; Justo, Alfredo; Cifuentes, Joaquin (May 2017). "North American matsutake: names clarified and a new species described".Mycologia.109(3): 379–390.doi:10.1080/00275514.2017.1326780.ISSN0027-5514.PMID28609221.S2CID205448035.
- ^abcDavis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America.Berkeley:University of California Press.pp. 163–164.ISBN978-0-520-95360-4.OCLC797915861.
- ^abcTrudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009).Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 104–105.ISBN978-0-88192-935-5.
- ^Moore, Andy."Allotropa Virgata".Matsiman.Retrieved2021-09-26.
- ^Wood W. F.; Lefevre C. K. (2007). "Changing volatile compounds from mycelium and sporocarp of American matsutake mushroom,Tricholoma magnivelare".Biochemical Systematics and Ecology.35:634–636.doi:10.1016/j.bse.2007.03.001.
- ^Meuninck, Jim (2017).Foraging Mushrooms Oregon: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms.Falcon Guides.p. 101.ISBN978-1-4930-2669-2.
- ^Phillips, Roger (2010).Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America.Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p.42.ISBN978-1-55407-651-2.
- ^Tulloss RE."Amanita smithiana".Amanitaceae.org.Retrieved2014-05-06.
- ^The American Matsutake:Tricholoma magnivelare.Mushroom Expert. Accessed March 23, 2012.
External links
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