Pinnipedimorpha
(Redirected fromPinnipediformes)
| Pinnipedimorphs | |
|---|---|
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| Artist reconstruction ofEnaliarctosemlongi | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Clade: | Pan-Pinnipedia |
| Clade: | Pinnipedimorpha Berta et al., 1989 |
| Subtaxa | |
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Pinnipedimorphais acladeofarctoidcarnivoransthat is defined to include the last common ancestor ofPhocaandEnaliarctos,and all descendants of that ancestor.[1]Scientists still debate on which lineage of arctoid carnivorans are the closest relatives to the pinnipedimorphs, being more closely related tomusteloids.[2][3][4][5][6]
Below is an overall phylogeny of the taxa covered in the article followed after a composite tree in Berta et al. (2018)[1]and a total-evidence (combined molecular-morphological) dataset in Paterson et al. (2020):[7]
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abBerta, A.; Churchill, M. & Boessenecker, R.W. (2018)."The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses".Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences.46:203–228.Bibcode:2018AREPS..46..203B.doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009.
- ^Lento, G. M.; Hickson, R. E.; Chambers, G. K.; Penny, D. (1995)."Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds".Molecular Biology and Evolution.12(1): 28–52.doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040189.PMID7877495.
- ^Hunt, R. M. Jr.; Barnes, L. G. (1994)."Basicranial evidence for ursid affinity of the oldest pinnipeds"(PDF).Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History.29:57–67.
- ^Higdon, J. W.; Bininda-Emonds, O. R.; Beck, R. M.; Ferguson, S. H. (2007)."Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset".BMC Evolutionary Biology.7:216.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-216.PMC2245807.PMID17996107.
- ^Sato, J. J.; Wolsan, M.; Suzuki, H.; Hosoda, T.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Hiyama, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Minami, S. (2006). "Evidence from nuclear DNA sequences sheds light on the phylogenetic relationships of Pinnipedia: Single origin with affinity to Musteloidea".Zoological Science.23(2): 125–46.doi:10.2108/zsj.23.125.hdl:2115/13508.PMID16603806.S2CID25795496.
- ^Flynn, J. J.; Finarelli, J. A.; Zehr, S.; Hsu, J.; Nedbal, M. A. (2005)."Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): Assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving Enigma tic relationships".Systematic Biology.54(2): 317–37.doi:10.1080/10635150590923326.PMID16012099.
- ^Paterson, R. S.; Rybczynski, N.; Kohno, N.; Maddin, H. C. (2020)."Pinniped taxonomy: review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description".Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.7(457).doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00457.
Further reading[edit]
- A. Berta, C. E. Ray, and A. R. Wyss. 1989. Skeleton of the oldest known pinniped, Enaliarctos mealsi. Science 244:60-62
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