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Pitești

Coordinates:44°51′38″N24°52′4″E/ 44.86056°N 24.86778°E/44.86056; 24.86778
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the village inLeova District,Moldova,seeBeștemac.
Pitești
Municipality


From top, left to right:Town Hall,St. George Church,I.C. Brătianu High School,Heroes' Gate
Coat of arms of Pitești
Coat of arms
Location in Argeș County
Location in Argeș County
Pitești is located in Romania
Pitești
Pitești
Location in Romania
Coordinates:44°51′38″N24°52′4″E/ 44.86056°N 24.86778°E/44.86056; 24.86778
CountryRomania
CountyArgeș
Government
• Mayor(2020–2024)Cristian Gentea[1](PSD)
Area
40.7 km2(15.7 sq mi)
Population
(2021-12-01)[2]
141,275
• Density3,500/km2(9,000/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST(UTC+2/+3)
Vehicle reg.AG
Websiteprimariapitesti.ro

Pitești(Romanian pronunciation:[piˈteʃtʲ]ⓘ) is a city inRomania,located on the riverArgeș.The capital and largest city ofArgeș County,it is an important commercial and industrial center, as well as the home of two universities. Pitești is situated in the historical region ofMuntenia.It lies on theA1 freewayconnecting the city directly to the national capitalBucharest,being an important railway junction, with aclassification yardin nearbyBălilești.The city houses theArpechim oil refinery,and is a marketing center for theautomotive industry,in particular,Automobile Dacia.

Inhabited sinceprehistoric timesbut first mentioned in the 14th century, it developed as a trading town in northernWallachia,serving as an informal residence for variousWallachian Princesuntil the 18th century. From the 19th century and until the interwar period, it was an important political center for theNational Liberal Partyand the main residence of theBrătianu familyof politicians. During the early stages of thecommunist regime,it was one of the main sites of political repression, with thePitești Prisonbecoming home to an experiment inbrainwashingtechniques.

History[edit]

Early history[edit]

The earliest traces of human settlements in this area relate to thePaleolithic.[3]Coins minted by theDaciansduring the 3rd century BC, copying the design ofThraciantetradrachmonissued byLysimachus,have been discovered here.[4]A smallRomancastrumwas built sometime in the 3rd centuryADin the vicinity of present-day Pitești (part of a protection system forRoman DaciaandMoesia).[5]During theAge of Migrations,the Pitești area was, according to historianConstantin C. Giurescu,the site of trading betweenVlachsandSlavs,which, in his opinion, was the origin ofTârgul din Deal( "The Market on the Hill" ), a separate locality.[6]

The first recorded mention of Pitești itself was on May 20, 1386, whenWallachian PrinceMircea Igranted agristmillin the area toCozia Monastery.[3][7]Pitești was subsequently one of the temporary residences of Wallachian Princes.[3]Due to its positioning on the junction of major European routes (and its proximity to theSaxonmarkets inHermannstadt,Transylvania), the city originally developed as an important commercial center.[8]By the late 14th century, it became home to a sizableArmeniancommunity.[9]

At the time, the locality was only extending on the left bank of the Argeș, and gradually expanded over the river, reaching the hill slopes to the west[3](in the 19th century, it completely absorbedTârgul din Deal).[6]While Pitești was commonly designated as a high-ranking town, a village of Pitești was still mentioned as late as 1528, which led some historians to conclude that the village and urban area coexisted within the same boundaries.[7]

Early Modern period[edit]

Pitești,CâmpulungandCurtea de Argeșon theConstantin Cantacuzinomap of 1718

Although princely quarters have not been uncovered, among the rulers to issue documents from Pitești wereBasarab Țepeluș cel Tânăr(1477–1481),Neagoe Basarab(1512–1521),Vlad Înecatul(1530–1532),Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina(1532–1535),Michael the Brave(1593–1601),Simion Movilă(1601–1602),Matei Basarab(1632–1654) andConstantin Șerban(1654–1658).[7]In addition,Constantin Brâncoveanu(1688–1714), who owned large sections of vineyard in the area, is reported to have spent several seasons in the town.[7]

Under Vlad Vintilă, who allied himself with theHoly Roman Empireagainst hisOttomanoverlords,Aloisio Gritti(governor ofOttoman Hungary) and his Wallachianboyarpartisans camped in the Pitești neighborhood of Războieni, where they were attacked and defeated by the Prince.[7]In 1600–1601, troops of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,led byJan Zamoyski,were stationed in Pitești during their expedition against Michael the Brave (seeMoldavian Magnate Wars).[7][10]Around that time, fighting occurred in and around the town as the new princeRadu Șerbanclashed with the Ottomans and theirCrimean Khanateallies.[10]

Constantin Șerban financed the building of theOrthodoxSaint George Church, completed in 1656.[3][7]His building program also included a (since-lost) palace and adjacent gardens.[7]Around that time, the city hosted travelers of renown, such as Arab chroniclerPaul of Aleppoand Swedish politicianClaes Rålamb.[10]It was during Brâncoveanu's rule that the city was home toStolnicConstantin Cantacuzino,who was exchanging letters with English statesmanWilliam, Baron Paget.[7]A tower and other princely houses, built by Brâncoveanu outside the town, gradually deteriorated over the 18th and 19th centuries (the last standing structure was lost in the 20th century).[7]In 1689,Habsburgtroops led byLouis William of Badenoccupied the city as part of theGreat Turkish War(they were repelled later that year).[10]

18th and early 19th centuries[edit]

Pitești in 1793, etching byLuigi Mayer

In November 1714, as a direct result of Swedish defeats in theGreat Northern WaragainstImperial Russia,Swedish KingCharles XIIunsuccessfully sought an alliance withSultanAhmed III;on his way back fromIstanbul,Charles andAxel Sparrepassed through Pitești, and, after a three-week stay, made their way toSwedish Pomeraniathrough Habsburg-ruled regions.[10]During theAustro-Turkish War of 1716–1718,Habsburg troops attacked and captured the town; Pitești was again the scene of battles during theAustro-Turkish War of 1737–1739.[10]

In 1780,TuscannumismatistDomenico Sestinipassed through the Argeș region, and described the town as having 250 houses and 7 churches.[10]In 1804, the citizens requested to have an upper school opened (to offer lectures in Greek, the educational language of the time); their request was denied by PrinceConstantine Ypsilantis.[11]During the 1790s, Pitești was visited byLuigi Mayer,a German pupil ofGiovanni Battista Piranesi,who left etchings of the region (including the very first one of Pitești);[10]they were published in London in 1810, with text by a T. Bowyer, whose caption for Pitești read "nothing more wild or romantic can be conceived".[12]

The town was an important location for events relating to the last stage of theWallachian uprising of 1821and the first stages of theGreek War of Independence:it was here that, in late spring 1821, the Wallachian rebel leaderTudor Vladimirescusettled after retreating fromBucharest.His departure raised suspicion from hisEteristallies that he was planning to abandon the common cause. Vladimirescu was captured in the nearby locality ofBăileștiand executed soon after, on orders fromAlexander Ypsilantis.[13]

Late 19th and early 20th century[edit]

Postcard of Saint Nicholas Church, early 20th century
Coat of arms of Pitești during the interwar period

The city was developed further after the1859 unificationof theDanubian Principalitiesand the 1881 creation of theRomanian Kingdom.Around that time, and down to the late interwar, the city became aNational Liberalcenter, largely due to theBrătianu familyof politicians residing in nearbyȘtefănești.[14]Their manor,Florica,housed most major reunions of the National Liberal leaders.[14]For a short period in 1882, Pitești was home to dramatistIon Luca Caragiale,leading some to propose that it was the unnamed National Liberal-dominated city depicted in Caragiale's famous playO scrisoare pierdută.[15]

By 1872, anational railwayconnection with the capital Bucharest andTârgoviștewas built, at the same time as one linking Bucharest withPloieștithroughChitila.[16]Overseen by the German financierBethel Henry Strousberg,this was the second project of its kind in Romania (after the Bucharest-Giurgiurail link of 1869).[16]The Pitești Town Hall was completed in 1886, and currently houses an art gallery.[3]TheArgeș CountyPrefecture, designed byDimitrie Maimarolu,was erected in 1898–1899 on the site previously occupied by an Orthodoxhermitage;it is the present-day site of theCounty Museum of History and Natural Sciences.[3]Both buildings areeclecticin style, and featurefrescoespainted byIosif Materna.[3]

Photo of Piteștic.1893

Pitești experienced urbanization and economic development with several changes in landscape and a number of regional firsts. In 1868–1869, Pitești was the first city in Romania to have a recordedSeventh-day Adventistcommunity, formed aroundMichał Belina-Czechowski,aPolishpreacher and former Catholic priest who had returned from the United States (theSeventh-day Adventist Church in Romaniawas established only after 1918).[17]By 1906, Pitești was home to a thrivingcooperative bank,Banca Populară Pitești,which was also the first-ever financial institution in the Argeș County.[18]In 1907, factory manager Edmond Landauer performed the very firstTayloristic experimentsin Romania, at Pitești Weaving Mill.[19]

From late autumn 1916 to 1918, during theWorld War I battles,Pitești was occupied by the troops of theCentral Powers.The city was originally abandoned by theRomanian Armyand taken by the German commanderAugust von Mackensenas the front stabilized on theOlt River,before Mackensen was able to occupy Bucharest and the entire southern Romania.[20]During the post-war existence ofGreater Romania,Pitești became a regional cultural center, notably hosting the 1928–1929 series of the magazineKalende(published in cooperation by literary criticsVladimir Streinu,Șerban Cioculescu,Pompiliu Constantinescu,andTudor Șoimaru).[21]

World War II and communism[edit]

Tower blocks in Pitești, photographed in 1970, shortly after their completion

Pitești was affected in various ways by World War II and itssuccessive regimes.After afascistNational Legionary Statewas proclaimed by theIron Guardin late 1940, a bronze bust of formerPremierArmand Călinescu(whom the Guard had assassinated in September 1939), was chained and dragged through the city streets.[22]In December 1943, under the dictatorship ofConducătorIon Antonescu(a Pitești native), it saw the final chapter in a chain of deportations ofRomani peopletoTransnistria(seeHolocaust in Romania).[23]The city was sporadically bombed by theAllies:on July 4, 1944, it was struck by a section of the USFifteenth Air Force(seeBombing of Romania in World War II).[24]

In the 1950s, while serving as capital ofRegiunea Argeș,Pitești gained an ill notoriety, when thecommunist authoritiesused the local detention facility to subject political detainees to "reeducation",in which violence between inmates was encouraged to the point of being mandatory (seePitești prison). The experiment was carried out by theSecuritatesecret police and overseen byAlexandru Nicolschi;its goal was to psychologically destroy the capacity for outside attachment and outside loyalty, creating the brainwashedNew Manprototype ofLeninism.[25]The program was canceled after some five years. At a trial held in 1953–1954, twenty-two inmate-participants were sentenced, with sixteen being condemned to death for their role in the experiment.[26]In 1957, a new trial convicted certain members of the prison staff, who received light sentences; they were later pardoned.[27]

In parallel, Pitești underwent numerous changes in landscape, including the completion of theA1 freeway,the first road of its kind, during the 1960s, and the acceleration ofindustrializationwith a focus on the chemical and automotive industries. Around 1950, Pitești area accommodatedELASrefugees from theGreek Civil War(some of the buildings erected for this purpose were later used to house resettled peasants).[14]Floricawasnationalizedin 1948, and was later partly devastated byRomanian Communist Partyactivists (for a while during the 1970s, it was a residence of the communist politicianIon Dincă).[14]The bust ofIon Brătianu,standing in front of Saint Nicholas Church, was removed and melted, and the church itself was demolished in 1962.[14]

Geography[edit]

The city is part of thehistorical regionof Wallachia, situated in its north and in the westernmost part of itsMunteniansubregion. It lies on the right bank of the Argeș, where the river meets its tributary,Râul Doamnei.

Pitești is situated 280 metres (918.64feet)above sea level,on terraces formed by the Argeș, and belongs to the southernmost section of theGetic Plateau(an area of foothills leading up to theSouthern Carpathians).[28]The Plateau is at its narrowest in the Pitești area, where it only reaches 30 km (19 miles) in width, as opposed to the 70–80 km (43–50 miles) average.[29]The city has access to a piedmont plain, known asCâmpia Piteștilor( "Pitești Plain" ) and characterized bywater-meadows.[30]To the west, it abuts theTrivale Forest,which has been partly set up as a leisure park.

Pitești is adjacent to two reservoirs on the Argeș, in its Prundu area and in nearbyBascov(the Budeasa Dam).[31]It is situated downstream fromLake Vidraruand upstream from the reservoir in Bălilești.[31]

Climate[edit]

According to theKöppen climate classification,the city lies within thehumid continental climate(Dfb) category. Average annual temperatures range between 9 °C and 10 °C. The average January temperature is -2.4 °C, while the average July temperature is 20.8 °C.[32]

Climate data for Pitești
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4
(39) 		7
(45) 		12
(54) 		17
(63) 		23
(73) 		26
(79) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		23
(73) 		18
(64) 		10
(50) 		5
(41) 		17
(62)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4
(25) 		−3
(27) 		1
(34) 		6
(43) 		11
(52) 		14
(57) 		16
(61) 		16
(61) 		11
(52) 		7
(45) 		1
(34) 		−3
(27) 		6
(43)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 26.5
(1.04) 		13.3
(0.52) 		30.9
(1.22) 		40.1
(1.58) 		67.6
(2.66) 		65.1
(2.56) 		60.0
(2.36) 		66.0
(2.60) 		46.9
(1.85) 		38.8
(1.53) 		29.8
(1.17) 		29.3
(1.15) 		514.3
(20.24)
Source:[33]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18352,755—
18597,229+162.4%
189915,669+116.8%
193019,532+24.7%
194126,551+35.9%
194829,007+9.3%
195638,330+32.1%
196660,113+56.8%
1977123,735+105.8%
1992179,337+44.9%
2002168,458−6.1%
2011155,383−7.8%
2021141,275−9.1%
Source:[34][35][36]

As of2021 censusdata, 141,275 inhabitants live within the city limits,[37]a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census.

Romania's2011 censusrecorded a population of 155,383 for the city. Of the individuals for whom data were available, 99.1% wereethnic Romaniansand 0.6%Roma.[38]In terms of religion, 98.4% wereRomanian Orthodox;0.3%Roman Catholic;and 0.2% eachPentecostal,Christian Evangelical,BaptistandEvangelical.A further 0.2% were atheist or non-religious.[39]A 2016 estimate placed the population at 177,485.[32]The 1930 census found that 88.0% of residents were Romanians, 3.0%Jews,2.5%Hungarians,2.2%Roma,1.4%Germans,0.6%Greeksand 0.3% eachRussians,Bulgarians,Armeniansand, grouped together,Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.[40][41]

The population of Pitești grew between the 1830s and the 1990s, with the most sustained period of growth occurring after the 1950s, when industrial development created jobs and attracted residents from nearby settlements. The population peaked at an estimated 187,000 in 1997, then stagnated until 2001, and has gradually decreased since that time. The drop is particularly noticeable among the male population: this segment not only has a higher mortality and lower life expectancy, but also, due to de-industrialization, emigrated in search of work in significant numbers.[42]

Economy[edit]

Pitești is one of the most industrialized cities in Romania. It is the center of the automotive industry in the country: theAutomobile Daciaautomaker is situated in the nearby town ofMioveni,and several other automobile parts manufacturers are located within its urban area (Dräxlmaier Group,Lear CorporationandValeo). The city also houses theArpechimoil refinery, part of thePetromgroup. The plant, established as a state-owned company during communism, has traditionally been the center of controversy over itsair pollutionrecords. In 2007, theMinistry of the Environmentwithdrew Arpechim's permit, but Petrom contested the decision in court.[43]The plant is scheduled to gradually reduce its activity over a period of several years, pending eventual closure.[43]

The city is surrounded by hills rich in wineries and plum orchards. The latter give one of the finest Romanianțuicas:țuica de Pitești.The Ștefănești winery, situated on the opposite bank of the Argeș River, is one of the best known in Romania.

Culture[edit]

Greci Church

Theatre[edit]

Pitești is home to a County Theater; established in 1948, it was named in honor of playwrightAlexandru Davilaa decade later. Its branches include apuppet theater(created in 1949), theEstradasection for open-air performances (1958), and afolkloresection (1970).[44]The Theater's Studio 125 was established in May 1975 by directorLiviu Ciulei.[44]

The first written record of a theatrical performance in the city dates to 1848, whenConstantin Halepliuset up a troupe. Followingthat year's revolution,several actors, Halepliu included, were arrested, and the theatre closed until 1856. A Communal Theatre was built in 1914–1916. Since 1948, the local acting ensemble has performed both in other Romanian cities and abroad, including in Poland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Italy and Spain.[44]

Education[edit]

Faculty of Orthodox Theology at theUniversity of Pitești

The city houses two universities: the state-runUniversity of Piteștiand the privateConstantin Brâncoveanu University(founded 1991, with branches inBrăilaandRâmnicu Vâlcea). There are 17 secondary education institutions, including two main high schools—theIon Brătianu National College(founded 1866) and theZinca Golescu National College.There are also 20 primary schools, 23 kindergartens and 10 nursery schools.[45]

A public library, named after intellectual figureDinicu Golescu,was planned in 1869 by Paraschiva Stephu, a female member of the upper class, who drew up a will leaving 200 Austrianducatsfor the purpose of creating a library. The institution became operational in 1880, and a large part of the volumes were bequeathed by historianGeorge Ionescu-Gionimmediately following his death in 1904. His donation included over a thousand books in Romanian, French and Italian.[46][47]The library moved into its current headquarters in the city center in 2003.[47]

Festivals[edit]

Each year during springtime, Pitești is host to a festival and fair known asSimfonia lalelelor(the "Tulip Symphony" ). Tulips were introduced locally in 1972–1973, when around 3,000 bulbs brought fromAradandOradeawere planted in its central area, along with other flowers.[48]Pitești consequently acquired a reputation as a tulip-growing area, and the flower-themed festival was first organized by the local authorities in 1978.[48]Typically held in the cultural centre building (Casa Cărții), the festival also includes folk music performances, international scientific conferences, an art exhibit and youth sport competitions.[49]

Sport[edit]

The majorfootballclub in the city isFC Argeș Pitești,which has generally played inLiga I,and has theNicolae Dobrin Stadiumas its home ground.[50][51]In addition, the city was home to aLiga IIfootball club,Internațional Pitești(located onStadionul Ștrand), and has a school which doubles as a junior team, Sporting Pitești.[52]Pitești hostsbasketballteamBCM U Pitești,as well as a women'svolleyballteam, Argeș Volei Pitești.

Pitești is home to anOlympic size swimming pool,the home ground forCSM Pitești,and a public outdoor swimming pool in the Tudor Vladimirescu area. NearbyBascovalso has a public swimming place, on grounds adjacent to the Budeasa Dam. The nationalcanoe racingalso trains at the Budeasa Dam sports base, and the location is also used for recreational fishing. Atennischallenger tournament (Turneul challenger feminin Pitești) takes place each year, on grounds in Bascov.

Gallery[edit]

Notable people[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania

Pitești istwinnedwith:[53]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^"Results of the 2020 local elections".Central Electoral Bureau.Retrieved8 June2021.
  2. ^"Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021"(XLS).National Institute of Statistics.
  3. ^abcdefgh(in Romanian)"Istoria Orașului"Archived2013-01-13 atarchive.today,atMuzee din regiunile RomânieiArchivedOctober 19, 2008, at theWayback Machine;retrieved July 17, 2007
  4. ^Giurescu, p.33
  5. ^(in Romanian)Dragoș Măndescu,Castrul roman de la Albota - un monument ignorat la marginea Piteștilor,at thePitești Cultural Center;retrieved July 17, 2007
  6. ^abGiurescu, p.47
  7. ^abcdefghij(in Romanian)Gerard Călin,Reședința domnească temporară de la Pitești,at thePitești Cultural Center;retrieved July 17, 2007
  8. ^Andrei Oțetea,The History of the Romanian People,Editura Științifică,Bucharest, 1970, p.446
  9. ^(in Romanian)"Armeni - Scurt istoric",atDiversArchived2018-04-21 at theWayback Machine;retrieved July 17, 2007
  10. ^abcdefgh(in Romanian)Mariu Păduraru,Orașul Pitești văzut de călători străini,at thePitești Cultural Center;retrieved July 17, 2007
  11. ^Alex Drace-Francis,The Making of Modern Romanian Culture: Literacy and the Development of National Identity,I. B. Tauris, London, 2006, p.50.ISBN1-84511-066-8
  12. ^Lou Taylor,Establishing Dress History,Manchester University Press,Manchester, 2004, p.20.ISBN0-7190-6639-5
  13. ^William Harrison Ainsworth,"The Russians in Wallachia", inThe New Monthly Magazine and Humorist,Vol. 91, 1851, p.33 D2
  14. ^abcde(in Romanian)Mircea Crăciun,Relicve din perioada dictaturii comuniste în județul Argeș,at theMemoria Digital Library;retrieved July 17, 2007
  15. ^Șerban Cioculescu,Caragialiana,Editura Eminescu,Bucharest, 1974, p.202–203.OCLC6890267
  16. ^abGiurescu, p.155
  17. ^Earl A. Pope, "Protestantism in Romania", in Sabrina Petra Ramet (ed),Protestantism and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia: The Communist and Postcommunist Eras,Duke University Press,Durham, 1992, p.186.ISBN0-8223-1241-7
  18. ^C. Popescu-Cadem,Document în replică,Mihail Sadoveanu City Library, Bucharest, 2007, p.204-205.ISBN978-973-8369-21-4
  19. ^Tudor Ciumara, "Contributions to the History of Management Consulting in Communist Romania", inProcedia Economics and Finance,8/2014, p.176
  20. ^Pamfil Șeicaru,La Roumanie dans la Grande guerre,Éditions Minard, Paris, 1968, p.332-334
  21. ^(in Romanian)Al. Săndulescu,"Mâncătorul de cărți"Archived2012-02-26 at theWayback Machine,inRomânia Literară,Nr. 11/2008
  22. ^Nicolae Ciobanu, "Armand Călinescu: Jertfă pentru liniștea și independența țării. «Omul de oțel» împotriva Gărzii de Fier", inDosarele Istoriei,6/IV (1999), p.60
  23. ^Dennis Deletant,Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944,Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2006, p.191.ISBN1-4039-9341-6
  24. ^Charles E. Francis, Adolph Caso,TheTuskegee Airmen:The Men Who Changed a Nation,Branden Books, Wellesley, 1997, p.149.ISBN0-8283-2029-2
  25. ^Cioroianu, p.317
  26. ^Cioroianu, p.318
  27. ^(in Romanian)Teodor Wexler,"Procesul sioniștilor",inMemoria;retrieved July 17, 2007
  28. ^Monografia geografică,p.100, 191, 238, 239-241
  29. ^Monografia geografică,p.239-240
  30. ^Monografia geografică,p.191
  31. ^ab(in Romanian)Dan Batucă,Ghid metodologic pentru identificarea și desemnarea corpurilor de apă puternic modificate și artificiale,ARCADIS Euroconsult,Phare,2005, at theMinistry of the Environment and Sustainable Development,p.64/105-65/105; retrieved July 19, 2007
  32. ^abGeographic locationArchived2015-06-27 at theWayback MachineatPitești City Hall;retrieved July 21, 2015
  33. ^Pitești Monthly Climate Average (2000–2012)atWorld Weather Online;retrieved July 21, 2015
  34. ^(in Romanian)Population as of 20 October 2011[permanent dead link],INSSE;retrieved July 5, 2013
  35. ^Ilie Bădălan, "Municipiul Pitești — centru industrial în plină dezvoltare", inRevista de statistică,vol. 22/1973, p.53 (data for 1835–1941)
  36. ^(in Romanian)"Population at the 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 and 2002 Censuses by Municipalities and Towns",INSSE;retrieved August 7, 2015 (data for 1948–2002)
  37. ^"Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021"(in Romanian).INSSE.31 May 2023.
  38. ^(in Romanian)Populația stabilă după etnie - județe, municipii, orașe, comuneArchived2016-01-18 at theWayback Machine,INSSE; retrieved August 15, 2015
  39. ^(in Romanian)Populația stabilă după religie - județe, municipii, orașe, comuneArchived2013-09-21 at theWayback Machine,INSSE; retrieved August 15, 2015
  40. ^(in Romanian)Populația statornică în 1930,p. 16, Institutul Central de Statistică; retrieved August 15, 2015
  41. ^(in Romanian)Populația statornică în 1930,p. 17, Institutul Central de Statistică; retrieved August 15, 2015
  42. ^"Growth Trends of the Demographic Structures in the City of Pitești"(PDF).Romanian Review of Regional Studies.VII:91–98. 2011. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2016-03-04.Retrieved2015-06-26.
  43. ^ab(in Romanian)"Arpechim repornește",inRomânia Liberă,June 13, 2007
  44. ^abc(in Romanian)Teatrul Alexandru Davilaat theArgeș County CouncilArchived2008-02-06 at theWayback Machine;retrieved July 17, 2007
  45. ^General Schools, High Schools, UniversitiesatPitești City Hall;retrieved November 21, 2008
  46. ^(in Romanian)Biblioteca JudețeanăArchived2007-10-11 at theWayback Machineat theArgeș County CouncilArchived2008-02-06 at theWayback Machine;retrieved July 17, 2007
  47. ^ab(in Romanian)Biblioteca Județeană Argeș "Dinicu Golescu”at theNational Library of Romania;retrieved July 21, 2015
  48. ^ab(in Romanian)"Istoria lalelelor",at theSimfonia lalelelorofficial site; retrieved March 8, 2008
  49. ^Tulip SymphonyatPitești City Hall;retrieved July 21, 2015
  50. ^(in Romanian)Amir Kiarash,"FC Argeș, clubul care i-a lansat pe Dobrin, Mutu și Dică, a intrat în insolvență. Povestea tristă a decăderii",inAdevărul,June 14, 2013; retrieved November 21, 2013
  51. ^(in Romanian)Cristina Stancu,"FC Argeş revine Municipiului Piteşti",inAdevărul,June 17, 2017; retrieved June 25, 2017
  52. ^(in Romanian)Sporting Pitești (official site)
  53. ^"Orașe înfrățite"(in Romanian). Pitești. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-07-09.Retrieved2021-10-01.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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