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Flag of England	Royal Standard of England

Englandis acountrythat is part of theUnited Kingdom.It is located on the island ofGreat Britain,of which it covers approximately 62%, andover 100 smaller adjacent islands.It has land borders withScotlandto the north andWalesto the west, and is otherwise surrounded by theNorth Seato the east, theEnglish Channelto the south, theCeltic Seato the south-west, and theIrish Seato the west.Continental Europelies to the south-east, andIrelandto the west. At the2021 census,the population was 56,490,048.Londonis boththe largest cityand thecapital.

The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during theUpper Paleolithic.It takes its name from theAngles,aGermanictribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since theAge of Discovery,which began during the 15th century. TheKingdom of England,which included Wales after 1535, ceased to be a separatesovereign stateon 1 May 1707, when theActs of Unionbrought into effect a political union with theKingdom of Scotlandthat created theKingdom of Great Britain.

England is the origin of theEnglish language,theEnglish legal system(which served as the basis for thecommon lawsystems of many other countries),association football,and theAnglicanbranch of Christianity; itsparliamentary system of governmenthas been widely adopted by other nations. TheIndustrial Revolutionbegan in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England is home tothe two oldest universitiesin the English-speaking world: theUniversity of Oxford,founded in 1096, and theUniversity of Cambridge,founded in 1209. Both universities are ranked among the most prestigious in the world.

England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills andplains,especially in thecentreandsouth.Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in thenorthand west, includingDartmoor,theLake District,thePennines,and theShropshire Hills.The country's capital isLondon,themetropolitan areaof which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, theSouth East,and conurbations in theMidlands,theNorth West,theNorth East,andYorkshire,which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. (Full article...)

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The main tunnel entrance of the Ramsgate Tunnels
at the official reopening in 2014

TheTunnel Railway(also known as theRamsgate Cliff Railway,theRamsgate Tunnel Railway,theRamsgate Underground Railwayand theWorld Scenic Railway) was a2 ft(610 mm)narrow-gaugeunderground railway inRamsgate,Kent,England. Following the restructuring of railway lines in Ramsgate in 1926, the section of line betweenBroadstairsandRamsgate Harbourincluding a tunnel to the seafront at Ramsgate was abandoned. The narrow-gauge Tunnel Railway was opened within the disused tunnel in 1936 to connect tourist attractions and shops nearRamsgate harbourwith the new railway main line atDumpton Park.

Except for its two stations—one at each end of the tunnel—the line ran entirely underground. The line was built in less than three months, and on its completion in 1936 was one of the shortest independent railway lines in the country. It was open for only three years before being converted to a majorair-raid shelterduring World War II. After the war's end, it was not included in the1948 nationalisation of British railwaysbut remained in private hands. (Full article...)

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Office for National Statisticsweekly COVID-19 deaths for England and Wales up to May 2022.

TheCOVID-19 pandemicwas first confirmed to have spread toEnglandwith two cases among Chinese nationals staying in a hotel inYorkon 31 January 2020. The two main public bodies responsible for health in England wereNHS EnglandandPublic Health England(PHE).

NHS England oversees the budget, planning, delivery and day-to-day operation of the commissioning side of the NHS in England, while PHE's mission is "to protect and improve the nation's health and to address inequalities". As of 14 September 2021, there have been 6,237,505 total cases and 117,955 deaths in England. In January 2021, it was estimated around 22% of people in England have had COVID-19. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various England-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1GoldtorcfromSnettisham,70 BC (fromHistory of England)
Image 2The wizardMerlinfeatures as a character inmany works of fiction,including the BBC seriesMerlin.(fromCulture of England)
Image 3TheBattersea Shield(detail), 350 BC. (fromHistory of England)
Image 4Interior of Christ Church Cathedral inOxford(fromCulture of England)
Image 5The Great Fire London, 1666. (fromHistory of England)
Image 6Remains ofHadrian's Wall(fromHistory of England)
Image 7The first general laws against child labour, theFactory Acts,were passed in Britain in the first half of the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work and the work day of youth under the age of 18 was limited to twelve hours. (fromHistory of England)
Image 8Canterbury Cathedralis the seat of the Primate of All England, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the most senior bishop of theChurch of England.(It was the property of theRoman Catholic Churchbefore theEnglish Reformation.) (fromCulture of England)
Image 9Victory in Europe Daycelebrations in London, 8 May 1945 (fromHistory of England)
Image 10Alfred Hitchcockis often regarded as the greatest British filmmaker, and was described as "a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius." (fromCulture of England)
Image 11Geoffrey Chaucer,c. 1340s–1400, author ofThe Canterbury Tales(fromHistory of England)
Image 12Shoulder clasp fromSutton Hoo,625 AD (fromHistory of England)
Image 13The Spanish Armada and English ships in August 1588, (unknown, 16th-century, English School) (fromHistory of England)
Image 14Stinking Bishop cheese(fromCulture of England)
Image 15First played in 1877, theWimbledonChampionships is the oldest tennis tournament in the world. (fromCulture of England)
Image 16TheMob QuadofMerton College,University of Oxford,13th–14th century (fromHistory of England)
Image 17Canterbury Cathedralnave, 1377 (fromHistory of England)
Image 18Christopher Lee(seen here asDraculain 1958) starred in many ofHammer's British horror films. (fromCulture of England)
Image 19Remains of the Roman baths atBath,England. (fromHistory of England)
Image 20Bronze coins ofCunobelin,called "King of the Britons" bySuetonius.1–42 AD. (fromHistory of England)
Image 21Portrait ofEdward VI,c. 1550(fromHistory of England)
Image 22King Charles II,a patron of the arts and sciences, supported theRoyal Society,a scientific group whose early members includedRobert Hooke,Robert BoyleandSir Isaac Newton.(fromCulture of England)
Image 23View of the ramparts of the hillfort ofMaiden Castle(450 BC), as they look today (fromHistory of England)
Image 24Anglo-Saxon helmet from theSutton Hooship burial, 625 AD (replica) (fromHistory of England)
Image 25TheBillingsgate Fish Marketin London in the early 19th century (fromHistory of England)
Image 26Jack In the Green,a traditional English folk custom being celebrated inHastings Old Town,known for its many pre-Victorian buildings. (fromCulture of England)
Image 27England in 878 (fromHistory of England)
Image 28Anglo-Saxon king with hisWitan.Biblical scene in theOld English Hexateuch(11th century) (fromHistory of England)
Image 29Francis Baconled the advancement of both natural philosophy and thescientific methodand his works remained deeply influential in theScientific Revolution.(fromCulture of England)
Image 30The Procession Picture,c. 1600,showing Elizabeth I borne along by her courtiers (fromHistory of England)
Image 31Whitehall byFrancis Dodd(1920) displaying thePalace of Westminster(fromCulture of England)
Image 32TheRoyal College of Musicis the oldestconservatoirein the UK, established byroyal charterin 1882. (fromCulture of England)
Image 33Durham Cathedral,dating from 1093 (fromCulture of England)
Image 34Maps of territory held byRoyalists(red) andParliamentarians(green) during theEnglish Civil War(1642–1645) (fromHistory of England)
Image 35Durham Cathedral.The Norman cathedral was built 1093–1133 (fromHistory of England)
Image 36William Hogarth's depiction of a scene from Shakespeare'sThe Tempestis an example of how English literature influenced English painting in the 18th century. (fromCulture of England)
Image 37EnglandplayingAustraliaatLord's Cricket Groundin the2009 Ashes series.After winning the2019 Cricket World Cup,England became the first country to win the World Cups in football, rugby union and cricket. (fromCulture of England)
Image 38TheRoman Bathsin Bath; a temple was constructed on the site between 60–70CE in the first few decades of Roman Britain. (fromCulture of England)
Image 39TheRuthwell Cross,8th century AD (fromHistory of England)
Image 40Sir Isaac Newtonis regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in theScientific Revolution.(fromCulture of England)
Image 41A pint ofreal ale(fromCulture of England)
Image 42KingAlfred the Greatstatue in Winchester, Hampshire. The 9th-century English king encouraged education in his kingdom. (fromCulture of England)
Image 43TheEnglish landscape gardenat Stourhead, described as a 'living work of art' when first opened in the 1750s (fromCulture of England)
Image 44Sir Francis Drake's voyage 1585–86 (fromHistory of England)
Image 45King Charles I,who was beheaded in 1649 (fromHistory of England)
Image 46Chester,c. 1880(fromHistory of England)
Image 47Procession of characters from Shakespeare's plays (fromCulture of England)
Image 48TheStaffordshire Hoardis the largesthoardofAnglo-Saxongold and silvermetalworkyet found^[update].It consists of almost 4,600 items and metal fragments. (fromCulture of England)
Image 49Elizabeth I(fromHistory of England)
Image 50King's CollegeinCambridgeis regarded as one of the greatest examples of lateEnglish Gothic architecture.It has the world's largestfan vault,while the chapel's stained-glass windows and wooden chancel screen are considered some of the finest from their era. (fromCulture of England)
Image 51King Charles II(fromHistory of England)
Image 52Silbury Hill,c. 2400 BC (fromHistory of England)
Image 53TheWhite Towerof theTower of London,built in 1078 (fromHistory of England)
Image 54National performing arts are held annually at theRoyal Albert Hall,as well asThe Promsduring the summer. (fromCulture of England)
Image 55Artefacts fromBush Barrowat Stonehenge.Wessex culture,Early Bronze Age,c. 1900 BC(fromHistory of England)
Image 56A traditional Punch and Judy booth, atSwanage,Dorset, England (fromCulture of England)
Image 57The Lady Chapel ofWells Cathedral(fromCulture of England)
Image 58Tomb of Richard I of England and Isabella of Angoulême (fromHistory of England)
Image 59First English Civil War at the Battle of Marston Moor, 1644 (fromHistory of England)
Image 60The epic poemBeowulf,set in 6th century Scandinavia, composed c. 700–1000 AD. (fromHistory of England)
Image 61KingHenry VIII(fromHistory of England)
Image 62Morris dancing(fromCulture of England)
Image 63Portrait of theRoyal Tudors.At left, Henry VII, with Prince Arthur behind him, then Prince Henry (later Henry VIII), and Prince Edmund, who did not survive early childhood. To the right is Elizabeth of York, with Princess Margaret, then Princess Elizabeth who didn't survive childhood, Princess Mary, and Princess Katherine, who died shortly after her birth. (fromHistory of England)
Image 64Kingdoms and tribes inBritain,c. AD 600 (fromHistory of England)
Image 65Countries where English is natively spoken or has official status (fromCulture of England)
Image 66Londinium(Roman London),c. 120 AD(fromHistory of England)
Image 67TheAlfred Jewel,late 9th century (fromHistory of England)
Image 68Stonehenge,erected in several stages from c.3000–2500 BC (fromHistory of England)
Image 69King James I of England(fromHistory of England)
Image 70Depiction of theBattle of Hastings(1066) on theBayeux Tapestry(fromHistory of England)
Image 71Charles Dickens' 1843 novellaA Christmas Carolplayed a major role in reviving the "spirit" of Christmas and seasonal goodwill. (fromCulture of England)
Image 72Frontispiece ofBede'sLife of St Cuthbert,showing King Æthelstan presenting a copy of the book to the saint himself. c. 930 (fromHistory of England)
Image 73Flatford Mill ('Scene on a Navigable River') byJohn Constable,c. 1816 (fromCulture of England)
Image 74Edward Elgaris one of England's most celebrated classical composers. (fromCulture of England)
Image 75TheLindisfarne Gospels(fromCulture of England)
Image 76Folio 27r from theLindisfarne Gospels,c. 720 AD (fromHistory of England)
Image 77One of only four survivingexemplificationsof the 1215 text,Cotton MS. Augustus II. 106,property of theBritish Library(fromHistory of England)
Image 78Dover Castle,12th–13th century (fromHistory of England)

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Top:Steve Harris(L),Dave Murray(R)
Middle:Adrian Smith(L),Bruce Dickinson(R)
Bottom:Nicko McBrain(L),Janick Gers(R)

Iron Maidenare an Englishheavy metalband formed inLeyton,East London,in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriterSteve Harris.Although fluid in the early years of the band, the line-up for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris, lead vocalistBruce Dickinson,drummerNicko McBrain,and guitaristsDave Murray,Adrian SmithandJanick Gers.As pioneers of thenew wave of British heavy metalmovement, Iron Maiden released a series of UK and US Platinum and Gold albums, including 1980'sdebut album,1981'sKillers,and 1982'sThe Number of the Beast– its first album withBruce Dickinson,who in 1981 replacedPaul Di'Annoas lead singer. The addition of Dickinson was a turning point in their career, establishing them as one of heavy metal's most important bands.The Number of the Beastis among the most popular heavy metal albums of all time, having sold almost 20 million copies worldwide.

After some turbulence in the 1990s, the return of lead vocalistBruce Dickinsonand guitarist Adrian Smith in 1999 saw the band undergo a resurgence in popularity, with a series of new albums and highly successful tours. Their three most recent albums —The Final Frontier(2010),The Book of Souls(2015), andSenjutsu(2021) — have all reached number 1 in more than 25 countries. Iron Maiden have sold over 130 million copies of their albums worldwide and have obtained over 600certifications.The band is considered to be one of the most influential and revered rock bands of all time. They have received multiple industry awards, including theGrammyandBrit Awards,and are also a permanent part of theRock and Roll Hall of Fame.(Full article...)

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Did you know?

...that theHMS Queen (1902)was fitted with Babcock and Wilcox cylindrical boilers due to service problems with the water service boilers?
...that theCharter Rollis the administrative record created by the medieval office of thechancerythat recorded all thechartersissued by the chancery?
...thatCanterburyin eastern Kent was abandoned at the end of the Roman period, but was resettled by theSaxons?
...thatEnglishsinger-songwriterRobbie Williamshas sold more albums in theUnited Kingdomthan any other British solo artist in history?

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In the news

15 July 2024 –Clifton Suspension Bridge human remains discovery: ColombianYostin Andres Mosquera ischargedwith themurdersof twogay menandremanded in custodybyWimbledon Magistrates CourtinLondon,United Kingdom.(The Guardian)
14 July 2024 –UEFA Euro 2024: Inassociation football,SpaindefeatEngland2–1 in thefinal matchto win their fourthUEFA European Championshiptitle, having previously won in1964,2008,and2012,themostby any team.(Al Jazeera)
12 July 2024 –: TheMetropolitan Policeseeks a 24-year-old suspect after human remains of two men are found in two suitcases inBristoland more remains today inShepherd's Bush,WestLondon,United Kingdom.(Evening Standard)
10 July 2024 –Killings of Carol, Hannah and Louise Hunt: Louise's ex-boyfriend Kyle Clifford, wanted for thecrossbowattack inBushey, Hertfordshire,United Kingdom,is arrested inEnfield, London.(USA Today)
2 July 2024 –: Serial killer Lucy Letbyis convicted of anattempted murderin aretrialatManchester Crown CourtinManchester,England.(BBC News)
20 June 2024 –: TwoJust Stop Oil activistsfilm themselves cutting through a metal fence and spraying orange paint on twoprivate jetsatStansted AirportinEssex,England,United Kingdom.Policearrest the activists forcriminal damage.(BBC News)

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An Englishman, even if he is alone, forms an orderly queue of one.

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—George Mikes

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