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Prague linguistic circle

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This article is about the linguistic circle. For the Yugoslav film movement, seePraška filmska škola.
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ThePrague schoolorPrague linguistic circle[1]is a language and literature society.[2]It started in 1926 as a group oflinguists,philologistsandliterary criticsinPrague.Its proponents developed methods ofstructuralist literary analysis[3]and a theory of thestandard languageand of language cultivation from 1928 to 1939. The linguistic circle was founded in the Café Derby in Prague, which is also where meetings took place during its first years.[4]

The Prague School has had a significant continuing influence onlinguisticsandsemiotics.After theCzechoslovak coup d'état of 1948,the circle was disbanded in 1952, but the Prague School continued as a major force inlinguistic functionalism(distinct from theCopenhagen schoolor EnglishFirthian– laterHallidean– linguistics). The American scholarDell Hymescites his 1962 paper, "The Ethnography of Speaking," as the formal introduction of Prague functionalism to American linguistic anthropology. [5]The Prague structuralists also had a significant influence onstructuralist film theory,especially through the introduction of theostensivesign.[6]

Today the Prague linguistic circle is a scholarly society which aims to contribute to the knowledge of language and related sign systems according to functionally structural principles. To this end, it organizes regular meetings with lectures and debates, publishes professional publications, and organizes international meetings.[7]

History

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The Prague linguistic circle included the Russian émigrésRoman Jakobson,Nikolai Trubetzkoy,andSergei Karcevskiy,as well as the famous Czech literary scholarsRené WellekandJan Mukařovský.The instigator of the circle, and its first president until his death in 1945, was theCzechlinguistVilém Mathesius.[8]

In 1929 the Circle promulgated its theses in a paper submitted to the First Congress ofSlavists."The programmatic 1929 PragueTheses,surely one of the most imposing linguistic edifices of the 20th century, incapsulated [sic] the functionalist credo. "[9]In the late 20th century, English translations of the Circle's seminal works were published by the Czech linguistJosef Vachekin several collections.

Also in 1929, the group launched a journal,Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague.World War II brought an end to it. TheTravauxwas briefly resurrected in 1966–1971. The inaugural issue was devoted to the political science concept ofcenter and periphery.It was resurrected yet again in 1995. The group's Czech language work is published inSlovo a slovesnost(Word and Literature).

Members

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Proper members

Contributors

Influences

Influenced

See also

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References

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  1. ^Czech:Pražský lingvistický kroužek,‹See Tfd›Russian:Пражский лингвистический кружокPražskij lingvističeskij kružok,French:Cercle linguistique de Prague.
  2. ^George Steiner.Linguistics and Poetics. In Extraterritorial. 1972. 137ff.
  3. ^"Semiotic poetics of the Prague School (Prague School)":entry in theEncyclopedia Or Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms,University of Toronto Press, 1993.
  4. ^Roman Jakobson:My Futurist Years,New York 1992, p. 86
  5. ^Hymes, Dell (1982)."Prague Functionalism".American Anthropologist.84(2): 398–399.doi:10.1525/aa.1982.84.2.02a00130.
  6. ^Acting and Performance in Moving Image Culture: Bodies, Screens, Renderings. p. 307
  7. ^"Pražský lingvistický kroužek".cercledeprague.org.Retrieved2020-06-02.
  8. ^The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica."Vilém Mathesius".Encyclopædia Britannica.Retrieved9 January2019.{{cite web}}:|last1=has generic name (help)
  9. ^Luelsdorf, Philip A. (1983). On Praguian functionalism and some extensions. In Josef Vachek, Libuše Dušková, (eds.).Praguiana: Some Basic and Less Known Aspects of The Prague Linguistic School.John Benjamins. Linguistic and literary studies in Eastern Europe; 12. p. xvi
  10. ^Wolfgang Müller-Funk,The Architecture of Modern Culture: Towards a Narrative Cultural Theory,Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin (2012) - Google Books pg. 260
  11. ^Ludwig Winder - Jewish Virtual Library
  12. ^Glenda Abramson,Ludwig Winder -Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture,Routledge, Vol 1, (2005) pgs. 956-957
  13. ^V. Ambros, "Prague Linguistic Circle in English: Semantic Shifts in Selected Texts and Their Consequences",Theatralia,2014,17(2): 148–161, esp. 155.
  14. ^Roman Jakobson(1933), "La scuola linguistica di Praga",La cultura12, 633–641, esp. p. 637.
  15. ^Linguistics. Volume 7, Issue 53,pages 100–127.

Bibliography

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  • Luelsdorf, Philip A. (1983). On Praguian functionalism and some extensions. In Josef Vachek, Libuše Dušková, (eds.).Praguiana: Some Basic and Less Known Aspects of The Prague Linguistic School.John Benjamins. Linguistic and literary studies in Eastern Europe; 12. pp. xi-xxx.
  • Sériot, Patrick (2014).Structure and the Whole: East, West and Non-Darwinian Biology in the Origins of Structural Linguistics.(Semiotics, Communication and Cognition 12.) Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Toman, Jindřich (1995).The Magic of a Common Language: Jakobson, Mathesius, Trubetzkoy, and the Prague Linguistic Circle.Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.ISBN0-262-20096-1
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