Preseli transmitting station
 | |
  Preseli transmitting station (Pembrokeshire) | |
| Mast height | 235.4 metres (772 ft) |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 51°56′40″N4°39′40″W/ 51.944444°N 4.661111°W |
| Grid reference | SN172306 |
| Built | 1962 |
| BBC region | BBC Wales |
| ITV region | ITV Cymru Wales |
ThePreseli transmitting station(formerly speltPresely) is abroadcastingandtelecommunicationsfacility on the eastern end of thePreseli Mountains,close to the villages ofCrymychandPentre GalarinPembrokeshire,Wales(grid referenceSN172306). It is owned and operated byArqiva.
It has a 235.4-metre (772 ft) highguyed steel lattice mast.It was constructed in 1962 by theIBAto transmitITV405-linetelevision with transmissions commencing onBand IIIchannel 8 from antennas at 559 m (1,835 ft) above sea level. The triangle of antenna arrays aimed beams of signal towardsPembrokeshire,another lobe was directed towards westernCarmarthenshireand a northward beam covered south westernCardiganshire.The northward beam from the site also fed the transmitter atArfonin North Wales.
The Welsh region ITV programming was initially provided byTeledu Cymruwhich was taken over byTWWin 1964, and eventuallyHTV Waleswho took over from 1968.
In 1971, three protesters fromCymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraegwere jailed for "conspiring to trespass" after gaining access to the site compound and climbing the lower section of the mast. This was part of a series of protests in Wales aiming to get a dedicated Welsh-language TV channel established. The campaign was eventually considered to have been mostly successful with the establishment ofS4C(Sianel 4 Cymru) eleven years later.
The site was uprated in 1973[1]to transmitUHF625-linePALanalogue television channels, starting withBBC1,BBC2andHTV Wales,with S4C being added in late 1982. The VHF channel 8 transmissions were discontinued in January 1985 as 405-line TV in the UK was phased out.Channel 5started analogue TV transmissions in 1997. Six digital TV multiplexes were added in 1998 and the site kept this configuration until 2009, when all analogue television signals were permanentlyswitched off.
The mast also carriesClassic FMon 100.5 MHz andHeart South Waleson 105.7 MHz, and transmits national digital radio multiplexes for theBBCandDigital Onemultiplexes. In 2017, Nation Radio started broadcasting on 107.10 MHz.
The transmitter signals were also received across the Irish sea in many parts of the east and south east coast of the Republic of Ireland, mainly in counties Dublin and Wicklow. From 1962 onward, many households in these counties would point their outdoor aerials towards the Irish sea and could receive transmission from this transmitter. When cable television launched in the early 1970s, the Welsh BBC and ITV stations were provided on the cable platform as these channels were mainly received in the Dublin and Wicklow counties.
Transmissions[edit]
Analogue television[edit]
14 September 1962 - 16 August 1973[edit]
| Frequency | VHF | kW | Service |
|---|---|---|---|
| 189.75MHz | 8 | 100 | HTV Wales(Teledu Cymruuntil 1968) |
16 August 1973 – 1 November 1982[edit]
Colour TV eventually came to West Wales. This was fairly late by UK standards, but even the area's M.P. couldn't get it started any quicker.[2]
| Frequency | VHF | UHF | kW | Service |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 189.75MHz | 8 | — | 100 | HTV Wales |
| 623.25MHz | — | 40 | 100 | BBC2 Wales |
| 647.25MHz | — | 43 | 100 | HTV Wales |
| 671.25MHz | — | 46 | 100 | BBC1 Wales |
1 November 1982 – 3 January 1985[edit]
The launch of Channel 4 (S4C in Wales) took the UHF capabilities of the site to its design maximum. Being in Wales, this transmitter radiated the S4C variant.
| Frequency | VHF | UHF | kW | Service |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 189.75MHz | 8 | — | 100 | HTV Wales |
| 623.25MHz | — | 40 | 100 | BBC2 Wales |
| 647.25MHz | — | 43 | 100 | HTV Wales |
| 671.25MHz | — | 46 | 100 | BBC1 Wales |
| 703.25MHz | — | 50 | 100 | S4C |
3 January 1985 – 30 March 1997[edit]
The VHF television transmitter was shut down after 22 years and 3 months of service.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service |
|---|---|---|---|
| 623.25MHz | 40 | 100 | BBC2 Wales |
| 647.25MHz | 43 | 100 | HTV Wales |
| 671.25MHz | 46 | 100 | BBC1 Wales |
| 703.25MHz | 50 | 100 | S4C |
30 March 1997 – 15 November 1998[edit]
Channel 5 started broadcasting on UHF channel 37. A fifth analogue TV channel was outside the design specifications of the British UHF transmitter plan and this forced the use of out-of-band channel 37 which was supposed to be kept clear of transmissions.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service |
|---|---|---|---|
| 599.25MHz | 37 | 100 | Channel 5 |
| 623.25MHz | 40 | 100 | BBC2 Wales |
| 647.25MHz | 43 | 100 | HTV Wales |
| 671.25MHz | 46 | 100 | BBC1 Wales |
| 703.25MHz | 50 | 100 | S4C |
Analogue and digital television[edit]
15 November 1998 – 19 August 2009[edit]
This was the initial roll-out for digital television using theDVB-Tsystem. The transmitter frequencies and power outputs were chosen not to interfere with the UHF TV channels, but to be received with the same aerial-group. The QAM constellations and number of carriers were changed around 2002 after the collapse ofITV Digitalas the service was taken over by theFreeviewconsortium.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service | System |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 599.25MHz | 37 | 100 | Channel 5 | PALSystem I |
| 618.000MHz | 39 | 1 | SDN(Mux A) | DVB-T |
| 623.25MHz | 40 | 100 | BBC2 Wales | PAL System I |
| 641.833MHz | 42- | 2 | BBC(Mux B) | DVB-T |
| 647.25MHz | 43 | 100 | HTV Wales | PAL System I |
| 665.833MHz | 45- | 1 | Arqiva(Mux C) | DVB-T |
| 671.25MHz | 46 | 100 | BBC1 Wales | PAL System I |
| 682.166MHz | 47+ | 2 | BBC (Mux 1) | DVB-T |
| 697.833MHz | 49- | 1 | Arqiva (Mux D) | DVB-T |
| 703.25MHz | 50 | 100 | S4C | PAL System I |
| 714.166MHz | 51+ | 2 | Digital 3&4(Mux 2) | DVB-T |
19 August 2009 – 16 September 2009[edit]
BBC2 Waleson channel 40 closed after 36 years of service, andHTV Waleswas moved from channel 43 to the vacated channel 40 for what would be its final month of service.
Multiplex 1 on channel 47+ was renamed BBC A and moved to channel 43+ (which had just been vacated by analogue HTV Wales). In addition to the power increase to 20 kW ERP, it was reconfigured to 64QAM and 8k carriers, which resulted in a service area similar to the old analogue transmissions but with much more bandwidth available than Multiplex 1 ever had.
For the duration of the switchover, all the channels carried on Multiplex B were duplicated on this new PSB1 multiplex.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service | System |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 599.25MHz | 37 | 100 | Channel 5 | PALSystem I |
| 618.000MHz | 39 | 1 | SDN(Mux A) | DVB-T |
| 623.25MHz | 40 | 100 | HTV Wales | PAL System I |
| 641.833MHz | 42- | 2 | BBC(Mux B) | DVB-T |
| 650.166MHz | 43+ | 20 | BBCA | DVB-T |
| 665.833MHz | 45- | 1 | Arqiva(Mux C) | DVB-T |
| 671.25MHz | 46 | 100 | BBC1 Wales | PAL System I |
| 697.833MHz | 49- | 1 | Arqiva (Mux D) | DVB-T |
| 703.25MHz | 50 | 100 | S4C | PAL System I |
| 714.166MHz | 51+ | 2 | Digital 3&4(Mux 2) | DVB-T |
Digital television[edit]
16 September 2009 – 31 October 2012[edit]
All remaining analogue television was shut down after 36 years of service. The pre-switchover low-power digital transmissions (apart from Arq A and SDN) were upgraded to full power and configured to 64QAM and 8k carriers, with some frequency changes and with new names for the multiplexes:
| Frequency | UHF | kW[3] | Operator |
|---|---|---|---|
| 641.833MHz | 42- | 10 | SDN |
| 650.166MHz | 43+ | 20 | BBCA |
| 665.833MHz | 45- | 10 | ArqivaA |
| 674.166MHz | 46+ | 20 | Digital 3&4 |
| 697.833MHz | 49- | 10 | Arqiva B |
| 706.166MHz | 50+ | 20 | BBC B |
31 October 2012 - present[edit]
As a side-effect of frequency-changes elsewhere in the region to do with clearance of the 800 MHz band for4Gmobile phone use,[4]Preseli's "Arqiva B" multiplex was moved from channel 49- to channel 39+ and the "BBC B" multiplex was moved from channel 50+ to channel 40+.[5]
| Frequency | UHF | kW[6] | Operator |
|---|---|---|---|
| 618.166MHz | 39+ | 10 | Arqiva B |
| 626.166MHz | 40+ | 20 | BBC B |
| 641.833MHz | 42- | 10 | SDN |
| 650.166MHz | 43+ | 20 | BBC A |
| 665.833MHz | 45- | 10 | Arqiva A |
| 674.166MHz | 46+ | 20 | Digital 3&4 |
Analogue radio (FM VHF)[edit]
September 1992 - September 2003[edit]
First FM transmissions from Preseli.
| Frequency | kW | Service | |
|---|---|---|---|
| H | V | ||
| 100.5MHz | 1.4 | 5.9 | Classic FM |
September 2003 - present[edit]
| Frequency | kW[7] | Service | |
|---|---|---|---|
| H | V | ||
| 100.5MHz | 1.4 | 5.9 | Classic FM |
| 105.7 MHz | 9.4 | — | Heart South Wales |
In 2017, Nation Radio on 107.10 MHz started broadcasting on the Preseli at 2.5KW, with a directional antenna. This signal penetrates all of Pembrokeshire and most of Carmarthenshire.
Digital radio (DAB)[edit]
20 April 2006 - present[edit]
| Frequency | Block | kW | Operator[8] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 222.064 MHz | 11D | 1 | Digital One |
| 225.648 MHz | 12B | 5 | BBC National DAB |
| 229.072 MHz | 12D | - | Mid & West Wales |
See also[edit]
- List of masts
- List of tallest buildings and structures in Great Britain
- List of radio stations in the United Kingdom
References[edit]
- ^"ITV75p146w".Txlib.mb21.co.uk. Archived fromthe originalon 31 May 2014.Retrieved31 May2014.
- ^"Television Transmitter, Preseli (Hansard, 9 November 1970)".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).9 November 1970.Retrieved31 May2014.
- ^Television Viewers Guide 2009
- ^Martin Bryant (15 February 2012)."EU States Must Allow 4G on Analogue TV Spectrum".Thenextweb.Retrieved31 May2014.
- ^"4G clearance retunes".a516digital. 8 June 2010.Retrieved31 May2014.
- ^Television Viewers Guide 2009
- ^Radio Listeners Guide 2010
- ^"News".ukdigitalradio.Retrieved31 May2014.
External links[edit]
- MB21's page on 405 TV to Wales and the West
- "405 Alive's list of transmitters"
- More details on 405-line ITV transmitters
- The Transmission Gallery: Photographs and Information
- The Transmission Gallery: Television Coverage Map
- Presely Transmitter at thebigtower
Transmitter sites inWales | |
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| Transmitter stations | |
| Transmitter sites |
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