Presidente Hayes Department
Presidente Hayes | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 | |
| Coordinates:23°46′S58°37′W/ 23.767°S 58.617°W | |
| Country |  Paraguay |
| Capital | Villa Hayes |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Bernardo Zárate (ANR) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 72,907 km2(28,150 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • Total | 126,880 |
| • Density | 1.7/km2(4.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-04(AST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-03(ADT) |
| ISO 3166 code | PY-15 |
| Number of Districts | 8 |
Presidente Hayes(Spanish pronunciation:[pɾesiˈðenteˈaʝes]) is adepartmentinParaguay.The capital is the city ofVilla Hayes.The department was named afterU.S. PresidentRutherford B. Hayes,who awarded the territory to Paraguay while arbitrating a boundary dispute between Paraguay andArgentinaafter theParaguayan War.
Districts
[edit]The department is divided into eight districts:
- Benjamín Aceval
- Campo Aceval
- General Bruguez
- José Falcón
- Nanawa(Puerto Elsa)
- Nueva Asunción(Chaco’í)
- Puerto Pinasco
- Teniente Esteban Martínez
- Teniente Primero Manuel Irala Fernández
- Villa Hayes
History
[edit]In the colonial period, conflicts between settlers and native tribes resulted in the abandonment of towns and missions includingMelodía,Timbó (Paraguay),Naranjajay,andRemolinos (Paraguay).
OnlyFort Borbon,today calledFort Olimpo,survived. Founded during the government ofJoaquín Alós y Brú,the garrison contained the southern advance of thePortuguese.
French settlers tried but failed to settle the area, with the exception ofVilla Occidental.
After theParaguayan Warof 1864–1870, U.S. PresidentRutherford B. Hayesarbitrated a boundary dispute between Argentina and Paraguay and ultimately awarded the territory to Paraguay in 1878. In gratitude, Paraguay renamed the department as "Presidente Hayes".[2]
In 1906, during the political division of Paraguay, the department was divided into two regions, Oriental and Occidental. The latter was divided in military headquarters that depended on the War and Marine Ministry.
Important dates for this department include June 12 (Chaco Peace Day), September 29 (Boquerón Victory Day) and November 12 (Laudo Hayes Firm Day).
The capital was namedPozo Coloradoin 1988[3].However, it was changed to Villa Hayes in 1999.[4]
Geography
[edit]Borders
[edit]Located between parallels 22° 03′ and 25° 20′ of South latitude and the meridians 57° 15′ and 61° 00′ of longitude West.
- To the North:Alto Paraguay department,from which is separated by the road of the railway from "km 160" to "km 20", from this point by an imaginary straight line untilParaguay River.
- To the South:Formosa Province,Argentina,from which is separated by the Pilcomayo River, all the way from its flow into theParaguay Riverto the San Lorenzo Mission.
- To the East: the departmentsConcepción,San Pedro,CordilleraandCentral;Presidente Hayes is separated from them by the Paraguay River, from its flow into the La Paz River until the Pilcomayo River.
- To the West:Boquerón department,separated by the road that connects the San Lorenzo Mission with the Forts Gral. Díaz, Avalos Sánchez, Zenteno, Dr. Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Boquerón, Isla Poí and Casanillo, and from this point with an imaginary straight line until "km 160".
Climate
[edit]The temperature reaches 44 °C (111 °F) in summer and drops to 0 °C (32 °F) in winter. The average temperature is 26 °C (79 °F). The average amount of precipitation is between 900 and 1,200 millimetres (35 and 47 in) annually.
Hydrography
[edit]The Paraguay River forms one border of the department. The tributary rivers Pilcomayo, San Carlos, Siete Puntas, Negro, Verde, Montelindo, Aguaray Guazú, and Confuso also flow through the department but are not navigable for big ships. To the south lies the Patiño Swamp.
The city ofVilla Hayesfloods frequently when the rivers overflow. The land elsewhere in the department is higher.
Environment
[edit]There are four ecosystems in the Chaco territory: the floodplain of the Paraguay River, Pozo Azul, Laguna Salada, and the Floodplain of the Pilcomayo River.
The Pilcomayo River's deviation towards Argentina has produced several changes in the habits of the people; the drought causes the migration of the jacarés to most humid areas and spreads diseases.
Endangered flora includetimbó,samu'u,white and redquebracho,andkarandayand endangered fauna includecarpincho,jurumi,jacaré,andtapir.
The east has saline soil and the south has calcareous soil. The hills Confuso, Siete Cabezas and Galván are small elevations.
Economy
[edit]Industry and business
[edit]Presidente Hayes leads Paraguay in production ofcattle,and is second in production of horses.
The population is heavily involved in agriculture; the department is third place in production ofsorghum.Cottonandsugarcaneare also agricultural products of the area; Villa Hayes andBenjamín Acevalare notable for production of sugarcane.
In Villa Hayes are the sugar factory Censi and Pirota.Sawmills,ceramicfactories andsteelmills are also in the city.ACEPAR,Aceros del Paraguay, is an important iron and steel industry and is also located in Villa Hayes.
In addition, in Villa Hayes is Astillero Chaco Paraguayo S.A., a specialising in the construction of launches for heavy loads, fuel and vegetable oil transportation. There is also soap and lime factories and anESSOplant of fuel and lubricants.
Puerto Falcón trades heavily with Argentina and also sees a lot of tourism. Tinfunqué National Park is a major tourist attraction with an area of 280,000 hectares.
Transportation and services
[edit]The most important way of transportation is Route No. 9 "Carlos Antonio López" also known as "Transchaco", which cross the Paraguay River through the Remanso Bridge and extends toBolivia.
The Route No. 12 "Vice Presidente Sánchez" borders Pilcomayo River, but is not passable when raining.
The road Pozo Colorado-Puerto Milirar reaches Concepción, crossing the Paraguay River through a bridge.
The different roads that connect portions of the department have the inconvenience of being impassable during the rainy season.
Paraguay River is the most used way to communicate with Puerto Pinasco.
In Puerto Falcón, is possible the communication with the Argentine cityClorindathrough the San Ignacio de Loyola International Bridge.
The cattle establishments use aerial ways.
There are two FM radio stations, Radio Villa Hayes and Dyon. About 3,200 people count with phone service.
There are 16,865 households in the department, 6,165 in the urban area, and 10,700 in the rural area. The percentage of which count with basic facilities are the following:
- Electric power: 39.9%
- Running water: 19.1%
- Trash collection: 4.3%
Health and education
[edit]The region has 96 institutions of elementary education, 192 of basic education and 29 of high school education.
There are 38 hospitals and health care centers.
Flag
[edit]The flag of the state is a simple green and whitetriband.Originally, the department's flag was a white flag with a green border and two diagonal stripes from the top-right and top-left corners touching a coat of arms design, but at some point it was replaced with the current one.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Paraguay: Departments, Districts, Cities, Towns".citypopulation.de.Retrieved2024-06-10.
- ^Cavanaugh, Darien (19 April 2017)."The Paraguayan War was the Dumbest and Costliest Conflict the Americas Ever Experienced".War Is Boring.Retrieved19 January2018.
- ^https://mexico.inaturalist.org/places/wikipedia/Presidente%20Hayes.
{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^"Webpage for the Departamento de President Hayes".Retrieved28 October2024.
- ^Martins-Tuválkin; Olivier Touzeau."President Hayes Department, Paraguay".Flags of the World.Retrieved28 October2024.
- Geografía Ilustrada del Paraguay, Distribuidora Arami SRL; 2007.ISBN978-99925-68-04-0
- Geografía del Paraguay, Primera Edición 1999, Editorial Hispana Paraguay SRL
External links
[edit]
| International | |
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| National | |
