Provinces of China
Provinces Tỉnh Shěng | |
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Category | Unitary state |
Location | People's Republic of China |
Number | 22(1claimed) |
Government | |
Subdivisions |
formally Province-level divisions | |||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | Tỉnh cấp khu hành chính | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | Tỉnh cấp khu hành chính | ||||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | Tỉnh | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | Tỉnh | ||||||||||
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Tibetan name | |||||||||||
Tibetan | ཞིང་ཆེན། | ||||||||||
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Zhuang name | |||||||||||
Zhuang | Swngj | ||||||||||
Korean name | |||||||||||
Hangul | 성 | ||||||||||
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Mongolian name | |||||||||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | муж | ||||||||||
Mongolian script | ᠮᠤᠵᠢ | ||||||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||||||
Uyghur | ئۆلكە | ||||||||||
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Manchu name | |||||||||||
Manchu script | ᡤᠣᠯᠣ | ||||||||||
Möllendorff | golo | ||||||||||
Kazakh name | |||||||||||
Kazakh | ولكە өлке ölke | ||||||||||
Kyrgyz name | |||||||||||
Kyrgyz | ۅلكۅ өлкө ölkö |
Administrative divisions of China |
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History:before 1912,1912–49,1949–present Administrative division codes |
Provinces(Chinese:Tỉnh;pinyin:Shěng) are the most numerous type ofprovince-level divisionsin thePeople's Republic of China(PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC and one province that is claimed, but not administered, which isTaiwan,currently administered by theRepublic of China(ROC).
The local governments of Chinese provinces consists of a Provincial People's Government headed by agovernorthat acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of theChinese Communist Party(CCP) that elects aParty Secretaryand aProvincial Standing Committee.
Government[edit]
Provinces are the most common form of province-level governments. The legislative bodies of the provinces are the Provincial People's Congresses. The executive branch is the Provincial People's Government, led by agovernor.The People's Government is answerable to both the State Council and the Provincial People's Congress. The provincial branch of the CCP has a Provincial Party Congress every five years, and elects aStanding Committeeto exercise its authority when not in session. The Provincial Party Secretary is thede factomost important position in the province.[1][2][3]
History[edit]
The first provinces were created in theYuan dynasty,and have remained one of the most stable forms of Chinese government since then.[4]They were created to help the Imperial court manage local county governments, which were too numerous and far-flung to be managed directly.[5]The number of provinces grew steadily during subsequent dynasties, reaching 28 by the time of theRepublic of China.[6]During theWarlord Era,provinces became largely or completely autonomous and exercised significant national influence. Province-level units proliferated and under the early People's Republic there were over 50.[7] Political boundaries are, in part, established to counterbalance the influence of economic factors. For instance, theYangtze Deltais divided among the provinces ofZhe gian g,Jiangsu,andAnhui.This division ensures that economic strength is distributed, preventing any single region from potentially overpowering the state.[8]
List of provinces[edit]
GB/T 2260-2007[9] | ISO[10] | Province | Chinese Hanyu Pinyin |
Capital | Population (2020) |
Density (per km2) |
Area (km2) |
Abbreviation[a] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HE | CN-HE | Hebei | Tỉnh Hà Bắc Héběi Shěng |
Shijiazhuang | 74,610,235 | 393.08 | 189,809 | Ký Jì |
SX | CN-SX | Shanxi | Sơn Tây tỉnh Shānxī Shěng |
Taiyuan | 34,915,616 | 222.80 | 156,713 | Tấn Jìn |
LN | CN-LN | Liaoning | Liêu Ninh tỉnh Liáoníng Shěng |
Shenyang | 42,591,407 | 289.59 | 147,076 | Liêu Liáo |
JL | CN-JL | Jilin | Cát Lâm tỉnh Jílín Shěng |
Changchun | 24,073,453 | 126.51 | 190,282 | Cát Jí |
HL | CN-HL | Heilong gian g | Hắc Long Giang tỉnh Hēilóngjiāng Shěng |
Harbin | 31,850,088 | 67.37 | 472,766 | Hắc Hēi |
JS | CN-JS | Jiangsu | Giang Tô tỉnh Jiāngsū Shěng |
Nanjing | 84,748,016 | 847.91 | 99,949 | Tô Sū |
ZJ | CN-ZJ | Zhe gian g | Chiết Giang tỉnh Zhèjiāng Shěng |
Hangzhou | 64,567,588 | 615.67 | 104,873 | Chiết Zhè |
AH | CN-AH | Anhui | An Huy tỉnh Ānhuī Shěng |
Hefei | 61,027,171 | 436.29 | 139,879 | Hoàn Wǎn |
FJ | CN-FJ | Fu gian[b] | Phúc Kiến tỉnh Fújiàn Shěng |
Fuzhou | 41,540,086 | 335.66 | 123,756 | Mân Mǐn |
JX | CN-JX | Jiangxi | Giang Tây tỉnh Jiāngxī Shěng |
Nanchang | 45,188,635 | 270.69 | 166,939 | Cống Gàn |
SD | CN-SD | Shandong | Sơn Đông tỉnh Shāndōng Shěng |
Jinan | 101,527,453 | 643.78 | 157,704 | Lỗ Lǔ |
HA | CN-HA | Henan | Hà Nam tỉnh Hénán Shěng |
Zhengzhou | 99,365,519 | 600.52 | 165,467 | Dự Yù |
HB | CN-HB | Hubei | Hồ Bắc tỉnh Húběi Shěng |
Wuhan | 57,752,557 | 310.87 | 185,776 | Ngạc È |
HN | CN-HN | Hunan | Hồ Nam tỉnh Húnán Shěng |
Changsha | 66,444,864 | 313.65 | 211,842 | Tương Xiāng |
GD | CN-GD | Guangdong[c] | Quảng Đông tỉnh Guǎngdōng Shěng |
Guangzhou | 126,012,510 | 700.02 | 180,013 | Việt Yuè |
HI | CN-HI | Hainan[d] | Hải Nam tỉnh Hǎinán Shěng |
Haikou | 10,081,232 | 294.27 | 34,259 | Quỳnh Qióng |
SC | CN-SC | Sichuan | Tứ Xuyên tỉnh Sìchuān Shěng |
Chengdu | 83,674,866 | 174.93 | 484,056 | Xuyên ( Thục ) Chuān (Shǔ) |
GZ | CN-GZ | Guizhou | Quý Châu tỉnh Guìzhōu Shěng |
Guiyang | 38,562,148 | 218.93 | 176,140 | Quý ( kiềm ) Guì (Qián) |
YN | CN-YN | Yunnan | Vân Nam tỉnh Yúnnán Shěng |
Kunming | 47,209,277 | 123.20 | 383,195 | Vân ( điền ) Yún (Diān) |
SN | CN-SN | Shaanxi | Thiểm Tây tỉnh Shǎnxī Shěng |
Xi'an | 39,528,999 | 192.24 | 205,624 | Thiểm ( Tần ) Shǎn (Qín) |
GS | CN-GS | Gansu | Cam Túc tỉnh Gānsù Shěng |
Lanzhou | 25,019,831 | 54.70 | 457,382 | Cam ( lũng ) Gān (Lǒng) |
QH | CN-QH | Qinghai | Thanh hải tỉnh Qīnghǎi Shěng |
Xining | 5,923,957 | 8.58 | 690,355 | Thanh Qīng |
TW | CN-TW[e] | Taiwan[f] | Đài Loan tỉnh Táiwān Shěng |
Taipei | 23,162,123 | 650.97 | 36,161 | Đài ( đài ) Tái |
- ^Abbreviation in the parentheses is informal
- ^Most of the Fu gian is administered by the People's Republic of China, but the Republic of China governsKinmen CountyandLienchiang Countyunder its ownFu gian Province.
- ^Most of the Guangdong is administered by the People's Republic of China, but the Republic of China governsPratas Islandas part of the Hainan special administrative region, which is currently administered byKaohsiung City.
- ^Most of the Hainan is administered by the People's Republic of China, while the Republic of China governsTaiping Islandas part of the Hainan special administrative region, which is currently administered by Kaohsiung City.
- ^Has separateISO 3166-2code:
TW
- ^The People's Republic of China considers Taiwan to be its 23rd province, but Taiwan is currently administrated by theRepublic of China.For more information, see thepolitical status of Taiwan.
See also[edit]
- Federalism in China
- Administrative divisions of China
- List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP
- List of Chinese administrative divisions by population
- List of current Chinese provincial leaders
- Regional discrimination in China
- Tiao-kuai
- Yangtze Delta
- Zhou (administrative division)
- Special administrative region (Republic of China)
References[edit]
- ^Goodman 2015,p. 96.
- ^Saich 2015,pp. 157–158.
- ^Chung & Lam 2010,Chapter 2.
- ^Guo 2017,p. 23.
- ^Fitzgerald 2002,p. 16.
- ^Goodman 2015,pp. 150, 154.
- ^Goodman 2015,pp. 153–154.
- ^Fairbank, John; Goldman, Merle (2006).China: A New History.Harvard University Press. p. 11.ISBN0674116739.
- ^"GB/T 2260 codes for the provinces of China".Archivedfrom the original on 2004-03-05.Retrieved2011-10-30.
- ^ISO 3166-2:CN(ISO 3166-2codes for the provinces of China)
Bibliography[edit]
- Goodman, David S.G. (2015).Handbook of the Politics of China.Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
- Saich, Tony (2015).Governance and Politics of China(Fourth ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Chung, Jae Ho; Lam, Chiu (2010).China's Local Administration: Traditions and Changes in the Sub-National Hierarchy.New York: Routledge.
- Fitzgerald, John (2002).Rethinking China's Provinces.New York: Routledge.
External links[edit]
- Interactive Dbresearch: WebMapArchived2016-04-06 at theWayback Machine—with economic indicators for all Chinese Provinces.