Pterocarpus
| Pterocarpus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pterocarpus santalinusseed pods | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Dalbergieae |
| Genus: | Pterocarpus Jacq.(1763), nom. cons. |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Pterocarpusis apantropicalgenusof trees in the familyFabaceae.It belongs to the subfamilyFaboideae,and was recently assigned to the informalmonophyleticPterocarpusclade within theDalbergieae.[2][3]Most species ofPterocarpusyield valuable timber traded aspadauk(or padouk), usually pronounced/pəˈduːk/or/ˈpædˌoʊk/;[4]other common names aremukwaornarra.The west African species may be traded asAfrican rosewood.[5]P. santalinusalso yields the most precious red sandalwood in China known as Zitan.[6][7]The wood from the narra tree (P. indicus) and the Burmese padauk tree (P. macrocarpus) is marketed asamboynawhen it has grown in theburlform.[8]Thescientific nameisLatinizedAncient Greekand means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of theseed podsin this genus.
Uses[edit]
Padauk wood is obtained from severalspeciesofPterocarpus.All padauks are of African or Asian origin. Padauks are valued for their toughness, stability in use, and decorativeness, most having a reddish wood. MostPterocarpus[9]woods contain either water- or alcohol-soluble substances and can be used asdyes.
The padauk found most often is African padauk fromP. soyauxiiwhich, when freshly cut, is a very bright red/orange but when exposed to sunlight fades over time to a warm brown. Its colour makes it a favourite among woodworkers. Burmese padauk (ပိတောက်) isP. macrocarpuswhile Andaman padauk isP. dalbergioides.Padauks can be confused with truerosewoodsto which they are somewhat related, but as a general rule padauks are coarser and less decorative in figure. Like rosewood, padauk is sometimes used to makexylophone,organandmarimbakeys, and guitars. It is an important material in traditionalChinese furniture.
Some padauks, e.g.P. soyauxii,are used asherbal medicines,for example to treat skin parasites and fungal infections.[10]
Chemistry[edit]
Pterocarpinis apterocarpanfound inPterocarpusspp.[11]
Species[edit]
A total of 35speciesis currently accepted:[12][13]
- Pterocarpus acapulcensisRose
- Pterocarpus albopubescensHauman
- Pterocarpus amazonum(Benth.) Amshoff
- Pterocarpus angolensisDC.—kiaat
- Pterocarpus antunesii(Taub.) Harms
- Pterocarpus brenaniiBarbosa & Torre
- Pterocarpus claessensiiDe Wild.
- Pterocarpus dalbergioidesDC.—Andaman padauk,Andaman redwood, East Indian mahogany
- Pterocarpus dubius(Kunth) Spreng.– Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil
- Pterocarpus echinatusPers.[Note 1]
- Pterocarpus erinaceusPoir.—muninga,barwood, vène
- Pterocarpus gilletiiDe Wild.
- Pterocarpus hockiiDe Wild.
- Pterocarpus hombleiDe Wild.
- Pterocarpus indicusWilld.—Pashu padauk,Malay padauk, New Guinea rosewood
- Pterocarpus lucensGuill. & Perr.
- Pterocarpus macrocarpusKurz—Burmese padauk
- Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb.—Indian kino,Malabar kino, benga, bijiayasal (w Nepal), venkai
- Pterocarpus mildbraediiHarms
- Pterocarpus mutondoDe Wild.
- Pterocarpus officinalisJacq.
- Pterocarpus orbiculatusDC.
- Pterocarpus osunCraib
- Pterocarpus rohriiVahl
- Pterocarpus rotundifolius(Sond.) Druce
- subsp.polyanthus(Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
- var.martinii(Dunkley) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
- var.polyanthus(Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
- subsp.rotundifolius(Sond.) Druce
- subsp.polyanthus(Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
- Pterocarpus santalinoidesDC.—mututi
- Pterocarpus santalinusL. f.—red sandalwood,red sanders
- Pterocarpus soyauxiiTaub.—African padauk,African coralwood
- Pterocarpus ternatusRizzini
- Pterocarpus tessmanniiHarms
- Pterocarpus tinctoriusWelw.
- Pterocarpus velutinusDe Wild.
- Pterocarpus villosus(Benth.) Benth.
- Pterocarpus violaceusVogel
- Pterocarpus zehntneriHarms
- Pterocarpus zenkeriHarms
Notes[edit]
- 1Some sources treatP. echinatusas a synonym ofP. indicus.
References[edit]
- ^PterocarpusJacq.Plants of the World Online.Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- ^Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE (2001). "The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade".Am J Bot.88(3): 503–33.doi:10.2307/2657116.JSTOR2657116.PMID11250829.
- ^Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M (2013)."Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes".S Afr J Bot.89:58–75.doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.hdl:10566/3193.
- ^"African Padauk | The Wood Database (Hardwood)".wood-database.Retrieved27 July2023.
- ^The Rosewood Trade: An Illicit Trail from Forest to Furniture Authors: Sandy Ong / Andy Carver, Date: 29 January 2019, URL:https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-rosewood-trade-the-illicit-trail-from-forest-to-furniture(Yale School of Environment)
- ^"Zitan | The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)".wood-database.Retrieved13 May2018.
- ^"Chinese National Standard for Rosewood Furniture - QB/T 2385-2008"(PDF).
- ^Meier E."The Wood Database".
- ^"Narra".OneToTree.Retrieved3 December2021.
- ^"AgroForestryTree Database entry forPterocarpus soyauxii".AgroForestryTree Database.World Agroforestry Centre (WAC). Archived fromthe originalon 13 February 2009.Retrieved1 November2008.
- ^"Pterocarpin at knapsack_jsp".Archived fromthe originalon 22 February 2014.Retrieved5 February2013.
- ^"ILDIS LegumeWeb entry forPterocarpus".International Legume Database & Information Service.Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics.Retrieved11 February2014.
- ^USDA;ARS;National Genetic Resources Program."GRIN species records ofPterocarpus".Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database].National Germplasm Resources Laboratory,Beltsville, Maryland. Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2015.Retrieved11 February2014.
External links[edit]
Media related toPterocarpusat Wikimedia Commons
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