Pyrrha

For other uses, seePyrrha (mythology)andPyrrha (disambiguation).

Pyrrha
Queen ofThessaly
Abode	Phthia, Thessaly
Genealogy
Parents	EpimetheusandPandora
Consort	(1)Deucalion (2)Zeus
Children	(1.i)Hellen,PandoraandThyia (1.ii) Hellen,ProtogeneiaandAmphictyon (1.iii)Orestheus,MarathoniusandPronoos (1.iv)Melantho (1.v)Candybus (2) Hellen orHelmetheus

InGreek mythology,Pyrrha(/ˈpɪrə/;Ancient Greek:Πύῤῥα,romanized:Pýrrha) was the daughter ofEpimetheusandPandoraand wife ofDeucalionof whom she had three sons,Hellen,Amphictyon,Orestheus;and three daughtersProtogeneia,Pandora IIandThyia.According to some accounts, HellenorHelmetheuswas credited to be born from Pyrrha's union withZeus.

Etymology

InLatin,the wordpyrrhusmeans red from the Greek adjective πυρρός,purrhos,meaning "flame coloured", or simply "red", referring in particular to people with red hair,as Pyrrha is described by bothHoraceandOvid.

Mythology

WhenZeusdecided to end theBronze Agewith the greatdeluge,Pyrrha and her husband,Deucalion,were the only survivors. Even though he was imprisoned,Prometheuswho could see the future and had foreseen the coming of this flood,told his son, Deucalion, to build an ark and, thus, they survived. During the flood, they landed onMount Parnassus,the only place spared by the flood.

Once the deluge was over and the couple were on land again, Deucalion consulted theoracleofThemisabout how to repopulate the earth. He was told to throw the bones of his mother behind his shoulder. Deucalion and Pyrrha understood the "mother" to beGaia,the mother of all living things, and the "bones" to be rocks. They threw the rocks behind their shoulders, which soon began to lose their hardness and change form. Their mass grew greater, and the beginnings of human form emerged. The parts that were soft and moist became skin, the veins of the rock became people's veins, and the hardest parts of the rocks became bones. The stones thrown by Pyrrha became women; those thrown by Deucalion became men.

The story of Deucalion and Pyrrha is also retold in the Roman poetOvid's famous collectionMetamorphoses.In this retelling,Jove(the Roman equivalent of Zeus) takes pity on the couple, recognizing them to be devout worshipers. He parts the clouds and ends the deluge specifically to save Deucalion and Pyrrha, who are floating aimlessly on a raft. When the storm has cleared and the waters have subsided, Deucalion and Pyrrha are taken aback by the desolate wreckage of the land, and understand that they are now responsible for repopulating the earth. Confused on how to carry out their destiny, they go to see the goddess Themis. Themis tells Pyrrha that she must cast the bones of her mother to successfully reproduce. Pyrrha is distraught at the idea of desecrating her mother's honor by digging up her bones, but Deucalion correctly reasons that Themis is referring to great mother earth, as Themis would never advise someone to commit a crime. Both Pyrrha and Deucalion throw a stone over their shoulder – Pyrrha's turning into a woman, Deucalion's turning into a man.

Once the land has been repopulated with humans, mother earth follows suit and begins to produce all other forms of life. Ovid uses this opportunity to inform his audience that heat and water are the sources of all life, "because when heat and moisture blend in due balance, they conceive: these two, these are the origin of everything. Though fire and water fight, humidity and warmth create all things; that harmony". (Ovid – p 15).

Genealogy of Hellenes

Genealogy
Iapetus Clymene Prometheus Epimetheus Pandora Deucalion PYRRHA Hellen Orseis Dorus Xuthus Aeolus Achaeus Ion Cretheus Sisyphus Athamas Salmoneus Deion Magnes Perieres Canace Alcyone Pisidice Calyce Perimede

See also

• Noah's ark

References

• Apollodorus,The Librarywith an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4.Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.Greek text available from the same website.
• Grimal, Pierre,The Dictionary of Classical Mythology,Wiley-Blackwell, 1996.ISBN978-0-631-20102-1.Internet Archive.
• Hard, Robin,The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology",Psychology Press, 2004.ISBN978-0-415-18636-0.Google Books.
• Pseudo-Clement,RecognitionsfromAnte-NiceneLibrary Volume 8,translated by Smith, Rev. Thomas. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. 1867.Online version at theio
• Publius Ovidius Naso,Metamorphosestranslated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922.Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Publius Ovidius Naso,Metamorphoses.Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892.Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Quintus Horatius Flaccus,The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace.Edition by John Conington. London. George Bell and Sons. 1882.Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Quintus Horatius Flaccus,Odes and Epodes.Edition by Paul Shorey and Gordon J. Laing. Chicago. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co. 1919.Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.

External links

• Phyrrha,Three translations in English
• The Library of Greek Mythology(Apollodorus), translated by Robin Hard