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Q Planes

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Q Planes
British quad cinema lobby card poster
Directed byTim Whelan
Arthur B. Woods
Written byBrock Williams
Jack Whittingham
Ian Dalrymple
Produced byIrving Asher
Executive producer:
Alexander Korda
StarringRalph Richardson
Laurence Olivier
Valerie Hobson
CinematographyHarry Stradling Sr.
Edited byHugh Stewart
Music byMuir Mathieson
Color processBlack and white
Production
company
Irving Asher Productions[1]
Distributed byColumbia Pictures
(UK, US)
Release date
  • 2 March 1939(1939-03-02)
Running time
82 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish

Q Planes(known asClouds Over Europein the United States) is a 1939 Britishcomedyspy filmstarringRalph Richardson,Laurence OlivierandValerie Hobson.Olivier and Richardson were a decade into their fifty-year friendship and were in the process of staging a theatrical version ofOthello,with Richardson in the title role and Olivier as Iago, when this film was made.[2]

Q Planeswas produced byIrving Asher,an American, with British film impresarioAlexander Kordaas executive producer.[3]The film was directed by an American,Tim Whelan(Sidewalks of London,and later in 1940, co-director ofThe Thief of Bagdad), who had lived in Britain since 1932, working for Korda atDenham Studios.

Plot

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In September 1938, advanced British aircraft prototypes carrying experimental and secret equipment are vanishing with their crews on test flights. No one can fathom why, not even spymaster Major Hammond (Ralph Richardson) or his sister Kay (Valerie Hobson), a newspaper reporter, who is working undercover in the works canteen at the Barrett & Ward Aircraft Company.[4]

At first, Major Hammond is seen as an outsider at the aircraft factory, especially by Mr. Barrett, the owner (George Merritt), who is working under a government contract. Hammond soon finds a friend in star pilot, Tony McVane (Laurence Olivier), who helps him try to solve the case. Hammond becomes convinced that Jenkins (George Curzon), the company secretary at the factory, is amolebut Jenkins is killed by a gunman firing from a moving car before he can give up the names of his contacts.[5]

Tony returns to the aircraft factory, determined to make the next test flight. His aircraft, like the others, is brought down by a powerful ray from a mysterious salvage ship, S.S.Viking.[6](Although the nationality of the crew and agents aboard the ship is only implied, it was understood by audiences that "All of the crew speak with German accents and little doubt is left who the villains are", wroteVariety.)[7]

The aircraft, Tony and the crew are taken on boardViking,where he discovers many other missing airmen who have suffered the same fate. Escaping from their prison, Tony leads them in an attempt to take control of the ship, gathering up weapons as they go. In London, Major Hammond learns the truth and directs aRoyal Navyship (HMSEcho) to go to their rescue. Kay and Tony form a relationship, while Hammond, who because of his job, has repeatedly cancelled plans with his lady friend, eventually meets her only to learn that she has married someone else.[8]

Cast

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Film roles identified by order in the credits.[9][10]

Production

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Intertitle forQ Planes

The film's working title wasForeign Sabotage.[9]Period airports and aircraft including theAirspeed Envoy,de Havilland Dragon Rapideandde Havilland Tiger Mothare featured in the aerial scenes. TheBrooklandsracetrack, which was also an important airfield, was used as a backdrop for the sequences on the ground.[11] Written and produced in September 1938,Q Planeswas a quick project for Olivier, already bound for America and the filming ofWuthering Heights(1939). Richardson, who had encouraged Olivier to take the role of Heathcliff with his famous advice, "Bit of fame. Good.", was always better at comedy and dominates much of the screen, with a sardonic performance as a spy, either working forScotland Yardor BritishMilitary Intelligence.[12]Q Planesis historically interesting for its contrast to later British war films and to Olivier's later film career. The film might be called the last of the "neutral Britain" spy comedies, which Hitchcock had pioneered inThe 39 Steps(1935) andThe Lady Vanishes(1938). The tone ofQ Planesblends a spy thriller with high-tech villains, sophisticated romance and rapid-fire comedy. The British later excelled at this genre in the James Bond films from the 1960s (Jack Whittington co-wroteThunderball[1965]) but here the comedic aspects are in contrast to the ardent, patriotic, sombre films that the British made once theSecond World Warbegan and the Germans, under Hitler, began to conquer Europe.[13]

Reception

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Airspeed Envoy

Q Planeswas released in the U.S. asClouds Over Europe,on 30 June 1939.[9]Despite its subject,Q Planesis mainly a comedy, "a sort ofThin Manin an espionage setting ", wrotePicturegoer.The film received positive reviews, with much of its success due to Ralph Richardson, who cleverly held together the comedy and dramatic elements as Major Hammond.Kinematograph WeeklydescribedQ Planesas "rousing espionage, romantic melodrama, staged in the best happy-go-lucky but pukka British tradition".[1]C. A. Lejeunecalled the film "a bright, vigorous little picture, and Mr. Richardson's Major is the brightest thing in it. You should see it. You'll like it. It has savour".Leslie Halliwellcalled it a "lively, lovely thriller distinguished by a droll leading performance.[14]

Dilys Powellwrote of Olivier that she recalled "being surprised that the actor made so slight an impression" and described him as "dashing but undistinguished".[15]For Olivier scholars and fans,Q Planesshows the dramatic difference his subsequent American work with Wyler and Hitchcock made on his film acting. Here, Olivier is at the height of the glib, self-conscious acting style of the 15 pictures he had made before his work with Wyler.[16]Olivier wrote that it was only then that he learned to stop condescending to pictures as a mere paycheck between Shakespeare productions and instead master acting for the camera as its own form.[17]

The New York Timesfilm criticFrank S. Nugentwas initially put off by the film's new opening which, unlike the British release, reflected an ever-darkening scenario of war with Nazi Germany. Hoping to impress this on their reluctant American cousins, the executive producer Korda was Churchill's designated producer, in the filmic aspect of de-neutralising America. The film began with "shots of Commons, Parliament, the War Office, the India Office, No. 10 Downing Street and other imposing edifices", as described by Nugent.[18]"As an added touch of dignity and authority, a commentator's voice noted each building as it passed, spoke gravely of the burden of empire, of trade and population statistics, and of the might and wisdom of Britain's leaders…" Nugent expressed relief when this made-for-America preamble turns into the British comedy it originally was and praised it as "one of the wittiest and pleasantest comedies that have come a capering to the American screen this season".[19]

Varietyregarded the newsreel-style introduction as one of the film's "unusual, deft slants" and praised the film as an "excellent summer diversion.… Columbia has an easy winner inClouds Over Europewhich, despite the solemnity of its title, is strictly for comedy, albeit with a hint or two of anti-German propaganda tucked away ". While noting the matinee value of Olivier,Varietyreported that "the acting honors go — and at a gallop — to Ralph Richardson, playing a Scotland Yard eccentric".Varietyreviewers also considered it had a "refreshing tongue-in-cheek attitude… Whole thing is bright, breezy and flavorsome".[7]Less impressed was film criticJohn MosherofThe New Yorker,who found in the film "a bigger allotment of very British small talk and that special brand of British whimsy which makes us here think at times that at least one of the clouds over England is this particular kind of humour".[20]

Influence

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Richardson's dapper, insouciant secret agent was named, years later, as the model for the bowler-hatted upper-class British spyJohn Steedin the 1960s television seriesThe Avengers,according to producerBrian Clemens.[21]

Home media

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Q Planeswas released on video by Carlton Home Entertainment in 1991 and onDVDin April 2007.[22]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^abMorley 1977,p. 76.
  2. ^Olivier 1982,p. 68.
  3. ^Aldgate & Richards 1994,p. 79.
  4. ^Holland 1939,p. 2.
  5. ^Holland 1939,pp. 2–3.
  6. ^Holland 1939,pp. 3–4.
  7. ^ab"Review: 'Clouds Over Europe'."Variety,Volume 135, issue 2, 21 June 1939, p. 16. Retrieved: 6 December 2015.
  8. ^Holland 1939,p. 4.
  9. ^abc"Review: 'Clouds Over Europe'."AFI Catalog of Feature Films(American Film Institute).Retrieved: 6 December 2015.
  10. ^"Review: 'Q Planes'."BFI Film & TV Database(British Film Institute). Retrieved: 6 December 2015.
  11. ^Santoir, Christian."Review: Secret Weapons; Vo. Q Planes."AeromoviesRetrieved: 6 December 2015.
  12. ^Olivier 1986,p. 261;Holden 1990,p. 137;O'Connor 1985,p. 106.
  13. ^"Britain's World War II films were more than just propaganda."independent.co,22 October 2011. Retrieved: 6 December 2015.
  14. ^Halliwell, Walker & Walker 2003,p. 678.
  15. ^Morley 1977,p. 22.
  16. ^Spoto 1992,p. 2,127.
  17. ^Olivier 1986,pp. 260–261.
  18. ^Korda 2002,pp. 138–139.
  19. ^Nugent, Frank S."The Screen in Review: Comedy lifts its head again in 'Clouds Over Europe' at the Music Hall."The New York Times,16 June 1939. Retrieved: 6 December 2015.
  20. ^Mosher, John."The Current Cinema."The New Yorker,Volume XV, issue 18, 17 June 1939, p. 88. Retrieved: 6 December 2015.
  21. ^Chapman 2002,p. 61.
  22. ^Q Planes, Alex J."Q Planes comes to DVD."Archived4 March 2016 at theWayback MachineCult TV,10 February 2014. Retrieved: 6 December 2015.

Bibliography

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  • Aldgate, Anthony; Richards, Jeffrey (1994).Britain Can Take it: British Cinema in the Second World War(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.ISBN978-0-7486-0508-8.
  • Chapman, James (2002).Saints and Avengers: British Adventure Series of the 1960s.Popular TV Genres. London: I. B. Tauris.ISBN978-1-86064-754-3.
  • Halliwell, Leslie;Walker, John; Walker, Leslie (2003).Halliwell's Film Guide(18th ed.). London: Harper/Collins.ISBN978-0-00-714412-9.
  • Holden, Anthony(1990).Laurence Olivier.London: Collier Books.ISBN978-0-7221-4857-0.
  • Holland, Eunice (1939). "Q Planes".Cinegram.No. 78. London: Pilot Press.OCLC559349626.
  • Korda, Michael (2002) [1979].Charmed Lives: A Family Romance(2nd ed.). New York: Harper Perennial.ISBN978-0-0600-8556-8.
  • Morley, Margaret (1977).The Films of Laurence Olivier.Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press.ISBN978-0-8065-0879-5.
  • O'Connor, Gary (1985).Ralph Richardson: An Actor's Life.London: Limelight Editions.ISBN978-0-8791-0038-4.
  • Olivier, Laurence (1982).Confessions of an Actor: An Autobiography.New York: Simon & Schuster.ISBN978-0-6714-1701-7.
  • Olivier, Laurence (1986).On Acting.New York: Simon & Schuster (Touchstone).ISBN978-0-6716-4562-5.
  • Spoto, Donald(1992).Laurence Olivier: A Biography.New York: HarperCollins.ISBN978-0-06-018315-8.

Further reading

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