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Qasr-e Shirin

Coordinates:34°30′57″N45°34′38″E/ 34.51583°N 45.57722°E/34.51583; 45.57722
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Qasri" redirects here. For the village in Kerman province, seeQasri.For the administrative division of Kermanshah province, seeQasr-e Shirin County.

Qasr-e Shirin
Qesrî Şîrîn
City
Persian:قصرشيرين
Kurdish:قەسری شیرین
Qasr-e Shirin is located in Iran
Qasr-e Shirin
Qasr-e Shirin
Coordinates:34°30′57″N45°34′38″E/ 34.51583°N 45.57722°E/34.51583; 45.57722[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceKermanshah
CountyQasr-e Shirin
DistrictCentral
Established7th century
Government
•MayorAbbas Karami
Elevation
333 m (1,093 ft)
Population
(2016)[2]
• Total18,473
•Demonym
Qasri
Time zoneUTC+3:30(IRST)
Postal code
67817
Area code0835

Qasr-e Shirin(Persian:قصرشيرين)[a]is a city in theCentral DistrictofQasr-e Shirin County,Kermanshahprovince,Iran,serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]Its population in 2016 was 18,473. It is aFree-trade zone(FTZ) and is populated byKurds.[5][6]

Etymology

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The city is named afterShirin,the Christian wife of theSasanianKing of Kings(shahanshah)Khosrow II(r. 590–628).[7]

History

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Sassanid era

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Historical and literary works attribute the building of the city to Khosrow Parviz of the Sassanids.[8][9]

Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988)

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Qasr-e-Shirin was a small town until 1270 AH. During the World War, it served as a border town for both German and Ottoman soldiers, as well as English and Russian soldiers. Qasr-e-Shirin underwent destruction during the Iran-Iraq war but was later restored following the war's end. Currently, the city has undergone significant expansion and transformed into a captivating and expansive region.[10]

Postwar reconstruction-present

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In 1992 the postwar reconstruction process began.[11][12]

In June 2006, archaeological excavations inShirin's castleresulted in the discovery of the dais of the castle which had been used as the seat of the king.[13]The establishment ofQasr-e Shirin free trade-industrial zonewas approved on 5 May 2021.[14]

Demographics

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Qasr-e Shirin Population History
YearPop.±% p.a.
195623,901—
196419,904−2.26%
197623,224+1.29%
19860−100.00%
199000.00%
199612,726—
2006[15]15,437+1.95%
2011[16]17,959+3.07%
2016[2]18,473+0.57%

Language

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The linguistic composition of the city:[17]

Qasr-e Shirin linguistic composition
Language percent
Southern Kurdish
 
 80%
Central Kurdish
 
 10%
Gorani
 
 10%

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 15,437 in 3,893 households.[15]The following census in 2011 counted 17,959 people in 4,751 households.[16]The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 18,473 people in 5,473 households.[2]

Climate

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The city is known for its agricultural productivity due to rich soil and plentiful water from theAlwand River,which runs through the city. The weather is mild in winter but hot and dry during the summer.[18]The results of research done in 2018 on determining the vulnerability of fish farmers to climate change in Qasr-e Shirin revealed that climate change had a major impact on fish loss, shortened production cycle, and lower fish production.[19]

Dust stormsin recent years have troubled people.[20]

Economy

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Agriculture

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Qasr-e Shirin is especially known for itsdate palmtrees and lemon. The agricultural organization of Qasr-e Shirin is building the biggest garden in the Middle East.[21]

Border trade

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Qasr-e Shirin has for long played an important economic role in the region. A large share of the country's exports to Iraq pass through the city, with its two main border terminalsParviz borderandKhosravi.In the Iranian calendar year 1393 (21 March 2014 – 20 March 2015), commodities worth $1.9billionwere exported to Iraq through the border crossings of Qasr-e Shirin.[22]There aretrading companiesactive in doing exports to Iraq.[23][24]

Established in 1997,Parviz border crossing(Persian: گذرگاه مرزی پرویز) is located to the northwest at 5 kilometers from the city center. The source of its name is a village by the same name on theKurdish Iraqside of the border.[25]About 50 percent of Iran’s non-oil products are being exported to Iraq via Parviz border crossing, a major land route for trade. On average, 800-1,200 trucks carrying Iranian goods pass the crossing and continue on to Iraq daily.[26]

An average of 500 tankers import fuel from Iraq's Kurdistan region to Parviz border daily and return to Iraq after being discharged at Iran's southernports.[27]According to Yavar Mohammadi, one governor of the western Iranian city of Qasr-e Shirin, Parviz border crossing plays a significant role in the prosperity of the Iranian economy in general and Kermanshah province in particular. The border crossing has been named the most active trade checkpoint out of 86 crossings between Iran and Iraq.[28]It has put thosands of Iranians to work.[29]In the year March 2021 – 2022, exports to Iraq from this terminal stood at 2.53 million tons worth $1.02 billion.[30]

Tourism

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Qasr-e Shirin and Khosravi

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Qasr-e Shirin and Khosravi have many modern hotels and restaurants, with five three-star hotels and other two-star hotels, serving both pilgrims to Iraq's holy Shia shrines and tourists and businessmen visiting the city.[31]Because of the Khosravi border closure from June 2013 to September 2019 to caravan pilgrims (upon whom thehospitality industryis heavily dependent), and again during the coronavirus pandemic, the industry experienced arecession.[32][33]

Iran and Iraq reached an agreement to resume the regular dispatching of caravan pilgrims starting 21 November 2022 from Khosravi border crossing. Religious tourists from northern, northwestern and central Iranian provinces are to be dispatched to Iraq after spending one night at Qasr-e Shirin and Khosravi hotels.[34][35]Hotels in the area include:

  • Kasra hotel
  • Arg hotel
  • Jowan hotel
  • Marmar hotel
  • Sahand hotel[36]
  • Siavash hotel[37]
  • Samen hotel in Khosravi[38]
  • Imam Reza hotel in Khosravi[39]
  • Abi Abdallah hotel in Khosravi[40]
List of hotels[40]
Number Name Stars
1 Kasra 3
2 Arg 3
3 Jowan 3
4 Marmar 2
5 Sahand 2
6 Siavash 1
7 Samen 3
8 Imam Reza 3
9 Abi Abdallah 2

Valiasr hotel has been changed into a pharmacy.[41]

Parviz border crossing

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Parviz border's passenger hall was inaugurated on 3 February 2015.[42]Of all the common border crossings between Iran and Iraq, crossing the border using aprivate caris possible only through Parviz border crossing.[43]

Culture

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Qasr-e Shirin anthropology museum was opened in August 2008. Because of a lack of staff its operation was later limited to the thirteen days of holiday duringNewruzof every new year. It is one of the largest in Kermanshah province.[44]

Infrastructure

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Transport

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Roads

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The main access road is theKermanshah-Khosravi highwaythrough the ring road.[45][46]The other one is a two-lane road to Gilan-e Gharb. The resurfacing of 9 kilometers of this road with a 120 billion rial budget began in October 2022.[47]It is an alternative route toEslamabad-e Gharband Kermanshah using theGhalajeh tunnel.[48] It also gives access toIlam provinceafter the small remaining part of miandar road in the Gilan-e Gharb-Eyvanroute was paved in 2015 and made the distance to Ilam province around 40 Kms shorter through this road.[49][50]

Rail

[edit]

The city is near a railway route under construction calledRahahane Gharb(Iran west railway) planned to connect Iran to Iraqi railway system and ultimately to theSyrianMediterraneanport city ofLatakia.Its construction is due to be completed by 1405 Iranian year throughKermanshah–Khosraviline.[51][52][53]Qasr-e Shirin FTZ is considered the connecting point of Kermanshah railway to Baghdad railway.[54]

Air

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There is no airport serving the city. However after the approval of its free trade zone there have been calls for the urgency of the construction of a small scale airport in order for the FTZ to prosper.[55][56]It would be the second airport in Kermanshah province.[57]Kermanshah Airportwhich is the regional hub is the nearest airport.[58][59]

Health systems

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Hazrate Abolfazl Abbas is thehospitalthat serves the town and people fromIraq.[60]It has 96 beds.[61]Built in 1998 during the postwar reconstruction process, because of the lack of medical specialists it functioned at the level of a round the clock clinic until early January 2006 when some specialists joined and a few specialty wards were activated.[62]

There is also a sanitation center and a 24-hour drugstore. Due to the city's two border crossings with Iraq and its proximity to several Iraqi cities it attracts and has the potential to attract Iraqi medical tourists. According to Sa’dollah Masudian, the Iranian consul general in Iraq'sSulaymaniyah Governoratein June 2018, each day 1500visasare issued for Iraqi travelers to Iran at Iran's consulate inSulaymaniyah,one third of which is dedicated formedical tourism.[63]

International border crossings

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There are two international border crossings. Parviz border crossing which is 5 kilometers away from the city center and borders the Kurdish region of Iraq and the much older Khosravi border crossing which is 18 kilometers away from the city on the way to Khanaqin and Baghdad in Iraq.[64]

Education

[edit]

Higher education

[edit]

Thehigher education center of Qasr-e Shirinwhich was an affiliate ofRazi Universitywas a public university in Qasr-e Shirin that was shut down in the first half of 2000s.[65]Its buildings have been given to the following semi public and private universities:

  • Payam Noor university of Qasr-e Shirin[66]opened in 2007
  • Islamic Azad university of Qasr-e Shirin[67]opened in 2006[68]There are plans to build the international campus of Razi university in Qasr-e Shirin.[69]

See also

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flagIran portal

Notes

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  1. ^AlsoromanizedasQasr-e-ShīrīnandQasr-e Širin;also known asGhasr-ī-Shīrīn,Ghasr-Shīrīn,andQesrî Şîrîn(Kurdish:قەسری شیرین)[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^OpenStreetMap contributors (16 July 2023)."Qasr-e Shirin, Qasr-e Shirin County"(Map).OpenStreetMap(in Persian).Retrieved16 July2023.
  2. ^abc"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)".AMAR(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 3 April 2022.Retrieved19 December2022.
  3. ^Qasr-e Shirin can be found atGEOnet Names Server,atthis link,by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3079964" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369)."Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bakhtran province, centered in the city of Bakhtran".Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of Farabi Mobile Library(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived fromthe originalon 6 February 2013.Retrieved29 January2024.
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  6. ^"Iran launches new free trade zone on border with Iraq".
  7. ^Wiesehöfer 2006.
  8. ^"بناهای تاریخی قصرشیرین".
  9. ^Chwalkowski, Farrin (14 December 2016).Symbols in Arts, Religion and Culture: The Soul of Nature.Cambridge Scholars.ISBN9781443857284.
  10. ^sirang, Sirang Rasaneh."Qasr-e Shirin city, Kermanshah - ITTO".itto.org | Iran Tourism & Touring.Retrieved15 February2024.
  11. ^"نسخه چاپی تامين اعتبار و اختصاص مبلغ 34405 ميليون ريال جهت انجام پروژههاي بازسازي به دستگاههاي مجري پروژههاي بازسازي استان باختران".qavanin.ir.Retrieved21 May2023.
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  40. ^abAbi Abdallah hotelkermanshah.mcth.ir
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  64. ^"Exports from Qasr-e Shirin to Iraq Earn $89 Million".18 November 2022.
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Sources

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qasr-e_Shirin&oldid=1237233644"