Qian gian g, Hubei
Qian gian g
Tiềm Giang Thị Tsienkiang, Ch’ien-chiang | |
|---|---|
 Location of Qian gian g City jurisdiction in Hubei | |
  Qian gian g Location of the city centre in Hubei | |
| Coordinates (Qian gian g government):30°24′07″N112°54′01″E/ 30.4019°N 112.9003°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Area | |
| •County-level&Sub-prefectural city | 2,004 km2(774 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 311.25 km2(120.17 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 32 m (105 ft) |
| Population (2010) | |
| •County-level&Sub-prefectural city | 946,277 |
| • Density | 470/km2(1,200/sq mi) |
| •Urban | 427,400 |
| • Urban density | 1,400/km2(3,600/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| •County-level&Sub-prefectural city | CN¥55.8 billion US$9.0 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 58,311 US$ 9,362 |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00(China Standard) |
| Website | Tiềm Giang Thị chính phủ nhân dân môn hộ trang web (translation: Qian gian g City People's Government Web Portal)(in Simplified Chinese) |
Qian gian g(simplified Chinese:Tiềm giang;traditional Chinese:Tiềm giang;pinyin:Qiánjiāng) is asub-prefectural cityof south-centralHubei Province,China.[3]The city spans an area of 2,004 square kilometres (774 sq mi),[3]and has a population of 946,277 as of 2010.[4]
Toponymy
[edit]Qian gian g's name means river diving, with the first character referring toqián shuǐ,the Chinese verb for diving,[4]and the second character,jiāng,meaning river.
History
[edit]During theSpring and Autumn periodand theWarring States period,the area belonged to the independent state ofChu.[5]
In theThree Kingdoms period,the area of present-day Qian gian g was part of theEastern Wu.[5]
Portions of present-day Qian gian g were ruled by theSui dynastyas part ofMianyang Commandery.[5]
Part of Qian gian g was incorporated into theTang dynastyas Jiangling County (simplified Chinese:Giang Lăng huyện;traditional Chinese:Giang Lăng huyện).[5]In 857 CE, the area was placed under theJiedu Envoy of Jingnan.[5]
During theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period,the area belonged to the independent kingdom ofJingnan.[5]Qian gian g County (simplified Chinese:Tiềm giang huyện;traditional Chinese:Tiềm giang huyện;pinyin:Qiánjiāng Xiàn) was first organized in 965 CE, during theSong dynasty.[4]
In 1293, during the Yuan dynasty, local flooding prompted officials to move the county center to present-dayYuanlin Subdistrict.[4]
Republic of China and World War II
[edit]In 1913, when theRepublic of Chinaintroducedcircuitsystem, the area was placed under the jurisdiction ofXiangyang Circuit.[5]In 1925, circuits were abolished, and the area was directly administered by the province.[5]
From the spring of 1930 to the winter of 1932, Qian gian g belonged to theHunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet.[5]
In 1932, the area was organized by the Republic of China under the newAdministrative Inspectoratesystem, belonging to the province's Seventh Administrative Inspectorate.[5]In 1934, the area was placed under the Sixth Administrative Inspectorate.[5]
Qian gian g was occupied by the Japanese during theSino-Japanese Warfrom May 1939 to August 1945.[5]The Japanese primarily used prominent local Chinese to run the "puppet" government, notably many members of the Zhang family.[citation needed]From the spring of 1942 to the autumn of 1945, the area hosted a number of regional resistance governments.[5]
People's Republic of China
[edit]The area was captured by thePeople's Liberation Armyin December 1947.[5]
Upon the foundation of thePeople's Republic of Chinain 1949, the area was placed underJingzhou Prefecture.[4]
The communists from 1949 to early 1980s constructed a pharmaceutical plant, a textile factory, a book-printing factory, a large oil-and-gas drilling field, and other industrial installations in the Qian gian g area.[citation needed]As the national economic reform took force beginning in the late 1970s many of these state-run businesses went under.[citation needed]
During the period from 1959 to 1962, the largest "Cadre Camp" in China, or in the world as people at that time liked to call it, was established in Qian gian g.[citation needed]The camp was established due to fears of a potential war between theSoviet Unionand China following theSino-Soviet split.[citation needed]As a result of these fears, the Chinese government dispersed people and resources throughout the country.[citation needed]Many young college graduates were sent to local Cadre Camps to train and entrench.[citation needed]This was the so-called "Priority 1 Order" given by Vice ChairmanLin Biaoand planned byChairman Mao.[citation needed]
The young cadres in Qian gian g worked to improve the agricultural situation, such as draining hundreds of acres of a local lake to be used as farmland.[citation needed]However, this action caused damage to the local ecosystem.[citation needed]
Qian gian g was well known for abundant local produces.[citation needed]Prominent local produces include duck eggs and lily seeds.[citation needed]They were so abundant that the produces were often sold at a nominal price.[citation needed]However, around the year of 1960, Qian gian g didn't escape the fate of most Chinese towns and was swept by an extended famine that was grossly caused by the political destruction of the fundamental aspects of the economy (production, supply-chain, and ownership).[citation needed]Many in Qian gian g were starved to death.[citation needed]
People from Qian gian g and surrounding areas, compared with people from the rest of the Hubei Province, have a reputation for being generous, gentle, and sincere.[citation needed]Prior to the modern days, Qian gian g demonstrated traditional, agriculture-based, Chinese ethos.[citation needed]E.g., if the farmers consider a water buffalo has been hard-working and loyal they would not slaughter it.[citation needed]But rather they would wait until it ages and dies.[citation needed]Then they would bury it and then build it a tomb.[citation needed]
There was a labor camp during the communist era in the Qian gian g area.[citation needed]The conditions at the camp were harsh.[citation needed]People would often sneak out to seek additional food.[citation needed]However, they never attempted to escape because it was impossible to hide in any place during those decades.[citation needed]Every town was tightly controlled and monitored by the government.[citation needed]No one would provide a stranger shelter and would only report him immediately to the local government.[citation needed]
In 1970, the area was reorganized asJingzhou Area.[4]
On May 25, 1988, Qian gian g County was abolished, and was replaced with acounty-level city.[4]
In October 1994, Qian gian g was re-organized as asub-prefectural city.[4]
Geography
[edit]
Qian gian g is located in south-central Hubei province in theJianghan Plain,spanning an area of 2,004 square kilometres (774 sq mi).[3]Qian gian g is bordered byTianmento the north,Xiantaoto the east,Jianlito the southeast,Jiangling Countyto the southwest,Jingzhou Districtto the west, andShayang Countyto the northwest.[3]
The city's topography is largely flat, with an average elevation of 38 metres (125 ft), a high point of 39.78 metres (130.5 ft), and a low point of 25.78 metres (84.6 ft).[3]
Qian gian g is home to many rivers and lakes. Major rivers in the city include theHan Riverand theDongjing River.[3]Major lakes in the city include theFanwan Lake,Bailu Lake,Jieliang Lake,andFengjia Lake(Chinese:Phùng gia hồ).[3]However, starting in the early 80's most of them disappeared due to urbanization and industrialization.[citation needed]
Climate
[edit]Qian gian g's climate istemperate,with an average annual temperature of 16 °C (61 °F), and an average annual precipitation of around 1,110 millimetres (44 in).[3]
| Climate data for Qian gian g (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
39.2 (102.6) |
36.6 (97.9) |
32.8 (91.0) |
29.3 (84.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.3 (90.1) |
28.6 (83.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
18.1 (64.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
17.1 (62.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.1 (53.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.8 (62.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 40.6 (1.60) |
53.8 (2.12) |
79.1 (3.11) |
131.3 (5.17) |
159.7 (6.29) |
192.4 (7.57) |
208.7 (8.22) |
111.3 (4.38) |
75.4 (2.97) |
71.1 (2.80) |
56.7 (2.23) |
25.6 (1.01) |
1,205.7 (47.47) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.0 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 10.5 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 123.5 |
| Average snowy days | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 9.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 76 | 80 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 76 | 77 | 73 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 89.5 | 89.6 | 118.8 | 144.5 | 160.2 | 155.5 | 207.2 | 203.2 | 152.3 | 134.7 | 121.0 | 107.2 | 1,683.7 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 28 | 28 | 32 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 49 | 50 | 42 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 38 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
[edit]
As of 2020, Qian gian g administers 6subdistricts,10towns,and 8 othertownship-level divisions.[8]
Subdistricts
[edit]Qian gian g administers the following 6 subdistricts:[8]
| Official Name | Hanzi | Toponymy |
|---|---|---|
| Yuanlin Subdistrict | Lâm viên đường phố | Chinese garden |
| Yangshi Subdistrict | Dương thị đường phố | |
| Zhouji Subdistrict | Chu cơ đường phố | Zhourock |
| Guanghua Subdistrict | Quảng hoa đường phố | |
| Taifeng Subdistrict | Thái phong đường phố | |
| Gaoyang Subdistrict | Cao tràng đường phố |
Towns
[edit]Qian gian g administers the following 10 towns:[8]
| Official Name | Hanzi | Toponymy |
|---|---|---|
| Zhugentan | Trúc căn than trấn | |
| Yuyang | Cá dương trấn | |
| Wangyang | Vương tràng trấn | |
| Gaoshibei | Cao tấm bia đá trấn | |
| Xiongkou | Hùng khẩu trấn | Bear mouth |
| Laoxin | Lão tân trấn | Old new |
| Haokou | Hạo khẩu trấn | |
| Jiyukou | Tích ngọc khẩu trấn | |
| Zhangjin | Trương kim trấn | |
| Longwan | Long loan trấn |
Other township-level divisions
[edit]Qian gian g administers the following 8 other township-level divisions:[8]
| Official Name | Hanzi | Toponymy |
|---|---|---|
| Qian gian g Development Zone | Tiềm giang kinh tế khai phá khu | |
| Zhouji Administrative Area | Chu cơ quản lý khu | Zhourock |
| Houhu Administrative Area | Sau hồ quản lý khu | |
| Xiongkou Administrative Area | Hùng khẩu quản lý khu | Bear mouth |
| Zongkou Administrative Area | Tổng khẩu quản lý khu | |
| Bailuhu Administrative Area | Cò trắng hồ quản lý khu | Bailu Lake |
| Yunlianghu Administrative Area | Vận lương hồ quản lý khu | Yunliang lake |
| Haokou Seed Stock Farm | Hạo khẩu giống gốc tràng |
Transport
[edit]National Highway 318and the Yihuang Expressway (Chinese:Nghi hoàng đường cao tốc) fromYichangtoHuangshiboth pass through Qian gian g from east to west.[3]The Xiangyue Highway (Chinese:Tương nhạc quốc lộ) fromXiangyangtoYueyangpasses through Qianjing from south to north.[3]
TheShanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railwaypasses through Qian gian g from east to west.[9]
The city has twodeep-water ports:Zekou (Chinese:Trạch khẩu) and Hongmiao (Chinese:Hồng miếu).[3]
Demographics
[edit]According to the 2010 Chinese Census, Qian gian g has a total population of 946,277, down from the 992,438 reported in the 2000 Chinese Census.[4]In 1996, the city's population was estimated to be 933,000.[4]
Economy
[edit]Qian gian g is a major producer ofgrain,cotton,petroleum,natural gas,andsalt.[3]
Qian gian g has an important oil field, Jianghan Oil Field. It's part of theSinopecCorporation.[10]Qian gian g has the potential of producing 200 million tons of oil, more than 9000 m3of natural gas, and 800 billion tons of rock salt.[citation needed]In 2001 Qiang gian g started producing crayfish and now producers over 70,000 tonnes a year[11]and accounting for over 60% of China's export of crayfish.[12]The region is also home to the world's largest crustacean sculpture.[13]
Major companies with operations in the city includeYangtze Optical Fiber and Cable,Jinrui(Chinese:Tinh thụy),Dinglong(Chinese:Đỉnh long), andZall Development.[9]
Culture
[edit]The city has a unique theatre culture, with Qian gian g Flower Drum Opera (Chinese:Tiềm giang kịch hoa cổ), Qian gian g Shadow Play (Chinese:Tiềm giang múa rối bóng), and Qian gian g Folk Song (Chinese:Tiềm giang dân ca) all being included in China'sNational Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List.[9]
Notable sites
[edit]- Ruins of Zhanghua Palace (simplified Chinese:Chương hoa cung;traditional Chinese:Chương hoa cung), built byKing Ling of Chu[3]
- Ruins ofHuarong Road[3]
Notable people
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abMinistry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,ed. (2019).China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017.Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 66.Retrieved11 January2020.
- ^Hồ Bắc tỉnh thống kê cục, quốc gia thống kê cục Hồ Bắc điều tra tổng đội (August 2016).《 Hồ Bắc thống kê niêm giám －2016》.Trung Quốc thống kê nhà xuất bản.ISBN978-7-5037-7847-6.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-03-01.Retrieved2017-06-05.
- ^abcdefghijklmnTiềm Giang Thị tình hình chung bản đồ[Qian gian g Overview].xzqh.org(in Chinese). 2014-08-06.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-09.Retrieved2021-05-09.
- ^abcdefghijTiềm Giang Thị lịch sử duyên cách[Qian gian g Organizational History].xzqh.org(in Chinese). 2014-08-06.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-09.Retrieved2021-05-09.
- ^abcdefghijklmnLịch sử duyên cách[Organizational History] (in Chinese). The People's Government of Qian gian g Municipality.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-10.Retrieved2021-05-09.
- ^Trung Quốc khí tượng số liệu võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved11 June2023.
- ^ Trung Quốc khí tượng số liệu võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved28 May2023.
- ^abcd2020 năm thống kê dùng phân ranh giới số hiệu ( tiềm Giang Thị )[2020 Statistical Division Codes (Qian gian g)] (in Chinese).National Bureau of Statistics of China.2020.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-09.Retrieved2021-05-09.
- ^abcdeCơ bản thị tình[Basic City Situation] (in Chinese). The People's Government of Qian gian g Municipality. 2020-03-26.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-10.Retrieved2021-05-09.
- ^Jianghan Oil FieldRetrieved 2014-02-26.ArchivedJanuary 15, 2016, at theWayback Machine
- ^"Crayfish industry brings new life to Qian gian g in central China - People's Daily Online".en.people.cn.Retrieved2019-01-07.
- ^"Qian gian g crawfish sold at IKEA stores globally".en.hubei.gov.cn.Retrieved2019-01-07.
- ^"Largest crustacean sculpture".Guinness World Records.Retrieved2019-01-07.
- ^"Activist Yao Lifa goes missing from home a day after his release".South China Morning Post.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-05-10.Retrieved2021-05-09.
External links
[edit]
