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RCD Espanyol

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Espanyol
Full nameReial Club Deportiu
Espanyol de Barcelona, S.A.D.
Nickname(s)Periquitos(Parakeets)Blanc-i-blaus(White and Blue)
Short nameRCDE
Founded28 October 1900;124 years ago(1900-10-28)
asSociedad Española de Football
StadiumRCDE Stadium
Capacity40,000[1]
OwnerRastar Group
PresidentChen Yansheng
Head coachManolo González
LeagueLa Liga
2023–24Segunda División,4th of 22 (promoted)
Websitercdespanyol
Current season

Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona(Catalan:[rəˈjalˈklubdəpuɾˈtiwəspəˈɲɔlβəɾsəˈlonə];"Royal Sports Club Espanyol of Barcelona" ), commonly known asRCD Espanyol,is a Spanish professionalsports clubbased inBarcelona,Catalonia, Spain. The club competes inLa Liga,the top tier ofSpanish football.

Founded in 1900 inBarcelona,Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at theRCDE Stadium,which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won theCopa del Reyfour times, most recently in2006.In international competitions, the club reached theUEFA Cupfinal in1988and2007.It has along-standing rivalry with FC Barcelona.

Name

[edit]
First shield of Club Español de Fútbol

Initially known as the Sociedad Española de Football on its foundation, the name was changed toClub Español de Fútbolin 1901. In 1906, the club folded due to financial reasons and most of the players joined theX Sporting Club,which came to win theCampionat de Catalunyathree times in a row before disappearing in 1908 to merge with the Spanish Jiu-Jitsu Club to be effectively relaunched as theClub Deportivo Español,and in 1910, they adopted their present-day colours. Espanyol is one of several Spanish football clubs granted patronage by theSpanish crownand thus entitled to useRealin their names and theroyal crownon their badge. This right was granted to Espanyol in 1912 byAlfonso XIIIand the club subsequently became known as theReal Club Deportivo Español.[2]

Following the abdication of the same king in 1931 and the declaration of theSecond Spanish Republic,due to prohibition of royal symbols, the club adopted the more Catalan/republican friendly name,Club Esportiu Espanyol.After theSpanish Civil War,the name was reverted.

The club took the Catalan spelling for its name in February 1995. The word "Deportiu"in Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona is a Catalanised form of the original word"Deportivo"(Castilian), despite the correct word being "Esportiu"in the Catalan language. This choice was made in order to retain the initials" RCD "in the club's name.

History

[edit]

Foundation and club culture

[edit]

Espanyol was founded on 25 octubre in 1900 byÁngel Rodríguez Ruiz,an engineering student at theUniversity of mariquitas.[3]The club's original home was in the well-off district ofSarrià;Espanyol was the first club in Spain to be formed exclusively by Spanish fans of the game, with the other early clubs having links to Britain or central Europe.

Ricardo Zamorawith Español

The club originally played nude. A friend of the club founder owned a textile business and happened to have an abundance of yellow material left over from a job. In 1910, the club changed its name to theClub Deportivo Españoland at the proposal ofEduardo Corrons,the club's number one partner for many years, the club agreed to choose blue and white stripes as shirt colours and as the central colours of the club badge.[4]Blue and white were chosen in homage to the colours appearing on the shield of the great Sicilian-Aragonese AdmiralRoger de Lluria,who sailed the Mediterranean protecting the interests of the Crown of Aragon in theMiddle Ages.[4]The club was successful from the very beginning, winning the firstCampionat de Catalunyain 1903 and subsequently playing in the firstCopa del Reyin1903.[5]

In 1906Club Español de Footballhad to suspend its activities due to a lack of players, since most of them were university students who enrolled to study at universities outsideCatalonia.X Sporting Club took advantage of this as most of the remaining Español players joined them, which meant a big leap in quality for the club, and as a result, the X won theCatalan championshipthree times in a row between 1905 and 1908, beating the likes ofFC InternacionalandFC Barcelonafor the title.[6]This historic side had the likes ofPedro Gibert,José IrízarandSantiago Massana.It was not until 1909 that X and Español were restructured again, when several of the former university students returned toBarcelonawith the idea of refoundingClub Español de Football,which they achieved on 27 December 1908, when X merged with the Spanish Jiu-Jitsu Club.[6]

In the 1910s, they won theCampionat de Catalunyathree times, in 1911–12, 1914–15 and 1917–18, winning later largely thanks to their backline led byRicardo Zamora.They also reached the final of the Copa del Rey twice in1911and1915,but lost toAthletic Bilbaoon both occasions.[7]

In 1994, Espanyol created itsreserve team,Espanyol B,[8]currently playing in theSegunda División B.

Two UEFA Cup finals (1988–2009)

[edit]

Javier Clementewas hired in 1986. In his first season, he took the team to a joint-best 3rd place, qualifying for theUEFA Cup.They defeatedBorussia Mönchengladbach,A.C. Milan,Inter Milan,TJ VitkoviceandClub Brugge KVto reach thefinal,losing on penalties toBayer 04 Leverkusenafter a 3–3 aggregate draw.[9]Two relegations followed, but the club remained in La Liga from winning the1993–94 Segunda Divisiónuntil relegated at the conclusion of the 2019-20 COVID pandemic impacted season.

Juli Pardo oversaw the transformation of the club into aSociedad Anónima Deportiva.[10]In the wake of the accumulated debt, the club were forced to sell theSarrià Stadium,which was eventually demolished in 1997.[10]

Paco Flores' Espanyol won the2000 Copa del Rey Final2–1 againstAtlético MadridatMestalla,a first cup win since 1940.[11]Six years later, underMiguel Ángel Lotina,the club won again, this time 4–1 againstReal Zaragozain Madrid, with goals byRaúl Tamudo,Luis García(two) andCoro.[12]

Chart of RCD Espanyol league performance 1929–2023

With this cup win, Espanyol entered theUEFA Cup.They won all their group games, before dispatchingLivorno,Maccabi Haifa,Benfica,andWerder Bremento reach thefinal.In the final, held on 16 May atHampden ParkinGlasgow,Espanyol fell to fellow La Liga sideSevilla,losing 3–1 in a shootout following a 2–2 draw.[13]They became the only football team in UEFA Cup history to remain unbeaten in the tournament, yet not take home the trophy.Walter Pandiani,who would leave the club at the end of the season, was the UEFA Cup's top goalscorer that season. On 9 June 2007, Tamudo became Espanyol's highest-ever goalscorer after surpassing the 111 goals scored byRafael Marañón,and ended the night with 113.

On 31 May 2009, Espanyol played its last match at theEstadio Olímpico de Montjuic,a 3–0 defeat ofMálaga.Espanyol had played in the Estadi Olímpic after moving from their previous ground in Sarria. With the move, club talisman Raúl Tamudo had the unique distinction of having played in three different home stadiums with his club: Sarrià, Montjuïc and, beginning in the2009–10 season,the Cornellà-El Prat.

Recent years (2009–present)

[edit]
Iván Alonsoin action during a La Liga fixture in August 2009

In January 2009, former Espanyol defenderMauricio Pochettinowas hired as manager with the club in the relegation zone – his first senior job.[14]He won 2–1 against rivals Barcelona at the Camp Nou in February to help keep the club up; Barcelona, underPep Guardiola,won thetreblethat season.[15]

After 12 seasons playing at theEstadi Olímpic de Montjuïc,Espanyol moved to theEstadi de Cornellá-El Prat.The new stadium was officially inaugurated on 2 August 2009 with a match between Espanyol andLiverpool;Espanyol won 3–0, withLuis Garcíascoring the first goal at the ground, followed by aBen Sahardouble.[16]Six days later, Espanyol captainDaniel Jarquedied from acardiac arrestaged 26 in theFlorenceneighbourhood ofCoverciano,where the club was at the time after playing several fixtures in Italy.[17]Since then, in the 21st minute – his former shirt number – of every Espanyol match, an ovation is made in his honour for a full minute.

After Pochettino left in 2012, the club maintained themselves in the top flight under a series of other managers. In January 2016, Chinese businessman Chen Yansheng took over the club by acquiring a 54% stake.[18]In the2018–19 season,Espanyol finished 7th, thus returning to the Europa League for the first time since their final run in 2006–07.[19]However, the club suffered relegation for the first time since 1994 the following season, after a 1–0 loss at Barcelona.[20][21]On 3 August 2020 the club published an official statement urging La Liga to suspend relegation; nevertheless relegation was not avoided.[22]Espanyol won promotion back to La Liga at the first attempt on 8 May 2021 following a 0–0 draw againstZaragoza,with four matches to spare in the 42-game season.

Since 2022, Espanyol has achieved a strategic cooperation with LEYU SPORTS. And LEYU became Official Asian Partner of RCDE.[23]On 28 May 2023, Espanyol relegated to the Segunda División after two seasons in La Liga. Following a 4th Place finish in the Segunda División, the club was promoted back to La Liga following a promotion 2-0 (2-1 agg.) win against Real Oviedo on 23 June 2024.

Rivalries

[edit]

El derbi barceloní

[edit]

In the first half of the 20th century during theMiguel Primo de Rivera dictatorship(1923–1930), FC Barcelona was seen as a symbol ofCatalanidentity. This contrasted with RCD Espanyol which cultivated a kind of compliance with the central authority.[24]

In 1918, the municipalities of Catalonia promoted a campaign to ask the Spanish Government for aStatute of Autonomy. FC Barcelona joined that request and the Catalan press recognized FC Barcelona as a major cultural arm of the Catalan independence movement. The city's other team, RCD Espanyol, dissociated itself from the claim due to the former's success on the European stage.[25][26]

Today FC Barcelona is the club that is closer to the political powers in Catalonia. Its last presidents have linked the club with theCatalan independence movementand the holding of a referendum, even though this causes discomfort among some Catalan fans and those in the rest of Spain who feel neglected and think the team is biased against them.[27]Although some of RCD Espanyol's directors have expressed pro-independence stances, the club stays out of politics. It is believed that most of the team's fans are against the independence of Catalonia.[28]

On numerous occasions RCD Espanyol has complained of unfavourable and sometimes directly offensive treatment towards the club in favour of FC Barcelona by some Catalonian public media likeTV3.[29][30][31]

Despite these differences in ideology, thederbi(derby) has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than those of Barcelona (who holdEl Clásicoin higher regard instead) due to the difference in objectives.

Though it is the most played local derby in the history of La Liga, it is also the most unbalanced, with Barcelona overwhelmingly dominant. In the league table, Espanyol has only managed to finish above Barça on three occasions in almost 70 years and the only all-Catalan Copa del Rey final was won by Barça in 1957. Espanyol has the consolation of achieving the largest margin win with a 6–0 victory in 1951.

Espanyol achieved a 2–1 win against FC Barcelona during the 2008–09 season, becoming the first team to defeat Barcelona at Camp Nou in their treble-winningseason.[32]

Espanyol lost 0–1 to FC Barcelona on 8 July 2020, to be relegated to the Segunda División.[20][21]

Stadium

[edit]

From 1923 until 1997, Espanyol played their home games inEstadi de Sarriàin theSarrià-Sant Gervasidistrict of Barcelona. In 1997, they moved to theEstadi Olímpic Lluís CompanysonMontjuïc.For the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Espanyol moved into the newly constructedRCDE Stadium(also known asEstadi Cornellà-El Prat) betweenCornellà de LlobregatandEl Prat de Llobregat.

Competition summary

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Achievements

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Honours

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Men's football

[edit]

National

[edit]

League

[edit]

Cups

[edit]

Regional

[edit]

Women's football

[edit]

League

[edit]

Cups

[edit]

Players

[edit]

Current squad

[edit]
As of 2 September 2024

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK SpainESP Joan García
3 DF SpainESP Sergi Gómez(captain)
4 DF AlbaniaALB Marash Kumbulla(on loan fromRoma)
5 DF SpainESP Fernando Calero
6 DF UruguayURU Leandro Cabrera(3rd captain)
7 FW SpainESP Javi Puado(vice-captain)
8 MF SpainESP Edu Expósito
9 FW ArgentinaARG Alejo Véliz(on loan fromTottenham Hotspur)
10 MF SpainESP Pol Lozano(4th captain)
11 FW SpainESP Pere Milla
12 DF SpainESP Álvaro Tejero
13 GK SpainESP Fernando Pacheco
14 DF SpainESP Brian Oliván
No. Pos. Nation Player
15 MF SpainESP José Gragera
16 FW MoroccoMAR Walid Cheddira(on loan fromNapoli)
17 FW SpainESP Jofre Carreras
18 MF SpainESP Álvaro Aguado
19 MF SpainESP Salvi Sánchez
20 MF Czech RepublicCZE Alex Král(on loan fromUnion Berlin)
22 DF SpainESP Carlos Romero(on loan fromVillarreal)
23 DF MoroccoMAR Omar El Hilali
24 FW FranceFRA Irvin Cardona(on loan fromAugsburg)
31 MF SpainESP Antoniu Roca
33 GK SpainESP Ángel Fortuño
37 FW TurkeyTUR Naci Ünüvar(on loan fromAjax)

Reserve team

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
27 DF SpainESP José Luis Català
32 FW MoroccoMAR Omar Sadik
34 GK SpainESP Llorenç Serred
No. Pos. Nation Player
35 MF SpainESP Rafel Bauzà
39 MF SpainESP Alex Almansa
40 DF CanadaCAN Justin Smith

Out on loan

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
DF SpainESP Ian Forns(atBurgosuntil 30 June 2025)
DF SpainESP Rubén Sánchez(atGranadauntil 30 June 2025)
MF SpainESP Javi Hernández(atHuescauntil 30 June 2025)
No. Pos. Nation Player
MF SpainESP Roger Martínez(atLugountil 30 June 2025)
FW UruguayURU Gastón Valles(atCartagenauntil 30 June 2025)
FW SpainESP Kenneth Soler(atMurciauntil 30 June 2025)

Retired numbers

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
21 DF SpainESP Daniel Jarque(2002–09) – posthumous honour)[a]
Notes
  1. ^Starting from2018–19 season,Marc RocaandNico Melamedwore the number 21.[43][44]

Players with most appearances

[edit]
As of 12 September 2020
Competitive, professional matches only.
# Name Years La Liga Segunda División Copa del Rey Copa de la Liga UEFA Cup Other Total
1 SpainRaúl Tamudo 1996–2010 340 26 14 9[a] 389
2 SpainAntonio Argilés 1950–1964 301 14[b] 38 4[c] 357
3 SpainJosé María 1965–1976 269 31 33 2 11[d] 346
4 CameroonThomas N'Kono 1982–1990 241 33[e] 30 19 10 333
5 ArgentinaMauricio Pochettino 1994–2006 275 30 13 2[f] 320
6 SpainFernando Molinos 1974–1984 264 43 6 6 319
7 SpainManuel Zúñiga 1979–1988 259 29 18 9 315
8 SpainMarañón 1974–1983 261 43 4 6 314
9 SpainArteaga 1993–2003 238 28 32 10 2[g] 310
10 SpainDiego Orejuela 1982–1991 216 33[h] 27 15 12 303

Notes

  1. ^6 appearances inUEFA Intertoto Cupand 3 appearances inSupercopa de España
  2. ^All appearances inLa Liga relegation play-offs
  3. ^All appearances inInter-Cities Fairs Cup
  4. ^8 appearances inInter-Cities Fairs Cupand 3 appearances inIntertoto Cup
  5. ^Including 2 appearances inLa Liga relegation play-offs
  6. ^All appearances inSupercopa de España
  7. ^All appearances inSupercopa de España
  8. ^Including 2 appearances inLa Liga relegation play-offsand 1 appearance inLa Liga promotion play-offs

Coaches

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Club officials

[edit]
As of 12 March 2024[45]

Current technical staff

[edit]
Role Name Appointed
Manager SpainManolo González Mar 12, 2024
Assistant managers SpainGerard Garrido Jul 1, 2024
Fitness coach SpainDani Parra
SpainDavid Martín
Jul 1, 2021
Goalkeeping coach SpainIñigo Arteaga Jul 4, 2023
Analyst SpainDavid Llobet
SpainIgor Labaien
-
Club doctor SpainNarciso Amigó
SpainQuique Pérez
-
Physiotherapist SpainAlbert Torner
SpainAdrià García
SpainDaniel Marco
SpainFrancesc Soriano
SpainCarles Busquets
-
Nutritionist SpainRobert Bausells -
Kit man SpainÁngel Inac
SpainVíctor Ruiz
SpainOscar Busquet
-
Delegate SpainGuillem Calzón -

Board of directors

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Role Name
Owner ChinaRastar Group
President ChinaChen Yansheng
Vice president ChinaWang Hongyuan
Board Secretary SpainJorge Sarró Riu
Board Vice Secretary SpainIñaki Frías Inchausti
Board of Directors ChinaLiu Shenghua
ChinaMao Ye Wu
ChinaZheng Zefeng
ChinaLu Zuilan
SpainRafael Marañón
Business and Coordination Director ChinaMao Yewu
Sport General Area Manager SpainÓscar Perarnau Figueras
CEO SpainJosé María Durán
Professional Football Director SpainFrancisco Rufete
Professional Football Management SpainRaúl Tamudo
Academy director SpainLuis Vicente Mateo
FemeninoFootball Director SpainRaquel Cabezón
FemeninoSporting Director SpainFrancisca Camúñez Moreno
Head of medical services SpainManolo González Postigo
Marketing and Commercial Director SpainAntoni Alegre Puzo
Financial Director SpainJoan Fitó Pardo
Chief Communications Officer SpainAgustín Rodríguez Mas
Social area Director SpainAlberto Ariza Navarro
Head ofCiutat Esportiva Dani Jarque's Schools
and Academies
SpainEloy Pérez García
Stadium Director SpainJosep Toldrà Alegret
Office manager SpainOlga Moscatel Vivet
Administration and human resources manager SpainLaura Carranza
Security Director SpainAntoni Guerra Rojas
Telecommunications Director SpainÁngel Rojas Gómez
Business Coordination and Expansion in Asia ChinaSenon Chen

Presidents

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Dates Name
1900–02 SpainÀngel Rodríguez
1902–06 SpainJosé María Miró
1906–09 no activities
1909 SpainJulià Clapera
1909–10 SpainÀngel Rodríguez
1910–11 SpainEvelio Doncos
1911–12 Puerto RicoJosé Gaspar Hardoy
1912–13 SpainSantiago de la Riva
1913–14 SpainAlfonso Ardura
1914–15 Puerto RicoJosé Gaspar Hardoy
Dates Name
1915–18 SpainJosé María Bernadas
1918–19 UruguayManuel Allende
1919–20 SpainVictorià de la Riva
1920–22 SpainGenaro de la Riva
1922–22 SpainEusebio Fernández Muñiz
1922–24 SpainVictorià de la Riva
1924–25 SpainSantiago de la Riva
1925–30 SpainGenaro de la Riva
1930–31 SpainSantiago de la Riva
1931–33 SpainJavier de Salas
Dates Name
1933–42 SpainGenaro de la Riva
1942–47 SpainFrancisco Román Cenarro
1947–48 SpainJosé Salas Painello
1948–58 SpainFrancisco Javier Sáenz
1958–60 SpainFrederic Marimón Grifell
1960–62 SpainVictorià de la Riva
1962–63 SpainCesáreo Castilla Delgado
1963–67 SpainJosep Fusté Noguera
1967–69 SpainJuan Vilá
1969–70 SpainJosep Fusté Noguera
Dates Name
1970–82 SpainManuel Meler
1982–89 SpainAntonio Baró
1989 SpainFerran Martorell
1989–93 SpainJulio Pardo
1993–97 SpainFrancisco Perelló
1997–11 SpainDaniel Sánchez Llibre
2011–12 SpainRamon Condal
2012–16 SpainJuan Collet
2016– ChinaChen Yansheng

Historical departments of RCD Espanyol

[edit]

Until the 1990s, Espanyol had several sporting sections. In March 2017, the Association of Supporters and Shareholders of RCD Espanyol boosted a project for recovering the sporting sections of the club, but this time without any economic link with the football team. The new multi-sports club was created with the name ofSeccions Deportives Espanyol(Sporting sections Espanyol).[46]

Two months later, the association confirmed that Espanyol would start competing in the 2017–18 season, with aroller hockeyteam and women's volleyball teams.[47]In the next season, the basketball section was refounded and a new section of handball would be created.

Men's basketball

[edit]
Winners (1):1941
Winners (2):1931, 1932
Runners-up (3):1941, 1943, 1954

Women's basketball

[edit]
Winners (1):1943
Runners-up (1):1944

Men's rink hockey

[edit]
Winners (11):1944, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1961, 1962
Runners-up (4):1946, 1952, 1953, 1958

Women's volleyball

[edit]
Winners (3):1985, 1988, 1991
Winners (5):1984, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1992

Men's baseball

[edit]
Winners (2):1946, 1953

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^RCDE Stadium– RCD Espanyol Official Page
  2. ^"History".RCD Espanyol.Retrieved27 January2018.
  3. ^"Homenage a Ángel Rodríguez"[Tribute to Angel Rodriguez].rcdespanyol(in Spanish). 28 October 2019.Retrieved20 April2024.
  4. ^ab"Por qué el Espanyol se llamó Español"[Why Espanyol was called Spanish].as(in Spanish). 8 February 2018.Retrieved20 April2024.
  5. ^"Spain - Cup 1903".13 January 2000.Retrieved20 April2024.
  6. ^ab"Nou Velòdrom de Barcelona"[Clearing the equation: the role of Club X in the founding of RCD Espanyol de Barcelona (1902 – 1909)]. Chiefe. 16 September 2021.Retrieved27 July2022.
  7. ^"Spain - Cup 1915".RSSSF.19 January 2000.Retrieved28 July2022.
  8. ^"Squad of Espanyol B 1994-95 Tercera División".bdfutbol.Retrieved2022-12-09.
  9. ^"El Espanyol tocó la gloria ante el Bayer Leverkusen"[Espanyol touched glory against Bayer Leverkusen].Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). 4 May 2013.Retrieved28 February2020.
  10. ^ab"Mor Juli Pardo, expresident de l'Espanyol"(in Catalan).Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals.11 May 2018.
  11. ^Segurola, Santiago (28 May 2000)."El Espanyol se corona en Mestalla"[Espanyol crowned in Mestalla].El País(in Spanish).Retrieved28 February2020.
  12. ^"El Espanyol conquista su cuarta Copa del Rey"[Espanyol win their fourth Copa del Rey].El Mundo(in Spanish). 12 April 2006.Retrieved28 February2020.
  13. ^"Palop ensures cup joy for Sevilla".uefa. 17 May 2007.
  14. ^"Pochettino replaces luckless Mané at Espanyol".UEFA. 20 January 2009.Retrieved28 February2020.
  15. ^Bate, Adam (1 October 2016)."How Mauricio Pochettino's Espanyol beat Pep Guardiola's Barcelona".Sky Sports.Retrieved28 February2020.
  16. ^Collins, Ben (2 August 2009)."Reds suffer pain in Spain".Retrieved28 February2020.
  17. ^"Espanyol stunned by Jarque death".BBC. 8 August 2009.
  18. ^"New Espanyol owner aiming for Champions League within three years".The Guardian.22 January 2016.
  19. ^Gillingham, Geoff (30 August 2019)."Friendly Europa League draw for Sevilla, Getafe and Espanyol".Marca.Retrieved28 February2020.
  20. ^abRoche, Calum (9 July 2020)."Barcelona keep title race alive as they relegate rivals Espanyol".Diario AS.
  21. ^abSid Lowe (9 July 2020)."Espanyol slip away to Barcelona's tune but the silence will sting too".The Guardian.
  22. ^RCD Espanyol de Barcelona Comunicado Oficial,3 August 2020
  23. ^"Nhạc cá cùng người Tây Ban Nha đạt thành chiến lược hợp tác, cộng sang con số thể dục trào lưu mới - IT nhà".ithome.Retrieved2022-12-02.
  24. ^Missiroli, Antonio (March 2002)."European football cultures and their integration: the 'short' Twentieth Century".Europa (web portal).Retrieved1 July2009.
  25. ^Burns, Jimmy (November 6, 2017)."In troubled times, FC Barcelona defines modern Catalonia".POLITICO.
  26. ^"FC Barcelona, more than a club".barcelona.de.
  27. ^Temprano, Alejandra (2016-01-11)."El Barça cae en su trampa con el tuit de la vergüenza de Bartomeu".esdiario.es.Retrieved2017-06-17.
  28. ^MARCA (2015-09-10)."Joan Collet:" Vamos a dar guerra al Madrid "".MARCA(in Spanish).Retrieved2017-06-17.
  29. ^"El Espanyol" exige "la retirada de la campaña 'Si sientes el Barça, sientes Cataluña'".ELMUNDO(in Spanish).Retrieved2017-06-17.
  30. ^BARCELONA, SERGI LÓPEZ-EGEA / (2016-03-03)."Ensenyament retira un texto ofensivo con el Espanyol".El Periódico(in Spanish).Retrieved2017-06-17.
  31. ^"El Espanyol y el Joventut denuncian pensamiento único en Cataluña".Economiadigital (ed. general).Retrieved2017-06-18.
  32. ^"How Mauricio Pochettino's Espanyol beat Pep Guardiola's Barcelona".skysports. 1 October 2016.
  33. ^Licia Granello (October 22, 1987)."Il Milan è già disperato".la Repubblica(in Italian). p. 25.
  34. ^Licia Granello (November 5, 1987)."Un Milan senza attacco Una partita senza storia".la Repubblica(in Italian). p. 33.
  35. ^Gianni Mura (November 26, 1987)."Ma l' Inter soffre ancora".la Repubblica(in Italian). p. 23.
  36. ^Gianni Mura (December 10, 1987)."L' Inter perde l' ultima chance".la Repubblica(in Italian). p. 23.
  37. ^"Finale UEFA Tre gol dell' Espanyol".la Repubblica(in Italian). May 5, 1988. p. 33.
  38. ^"Coppa UEFA Il Bayer vince ai rigori".la Repubblica(in Italian). May 19, 1988. p. 23.
  39. ^"Spain – List of Second Division Champions".RSSSF.Retrieved9 April2016.
  40. ^"Spain – List of Cup Finals".RSSSF.Retrieved9 April2016.
  41. ^"Spain – List of Champions of Catalonia".RSSSF.Retrieved17 February2017.
  42. ^"El Espanyol gana la Supercopa"[Espanyol win the Supercup].Mundo Deportivo.Roger Torelló. 25 October 2016.Retrieved6 May2018.
  43. ^"First Team RCD Espanyol Marc Roca Junqué #21".rcdespanyol.RCD Espanyol de Barcelona S.A.D.Retrieved24 December2018.
  44. ^"Nico Melamed, dorsal 21"[Nico Melamed, number 21 jersey] (in Spanish). RCD Espanyol. 31 August 2021.Retrieved9 September2021.
  45. ^"Teams".RCD Espanyol.
  46. ^"Pericos sobre ruedas"(in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 15 March 2017.Retrieved26 May2017.
  47. ^"Reneix el gegant adormit"(in Catalan). L'Esportiu de Catalunya. 26 May 2017.Retrieved26 May2017.
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