Jump to content

Raimund Abraham

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Raimund Abraham
(if image is smaller than 250px)
Born
Raimund Johann Abraham

(1933-07-23)July 23, 1933
Lienz,East Tyrol,Austria
DiedMarch 4, 2010(2010-03-04)(aged 76)
Los Angeles, California,U.S.
NationalityAustrian, American
Alma materGraz University of Technology
Occupationarchitect
BuildingsAustrian Cultural Forum,New York

Raimund Johann Abraham(July 23, 1933[1]– March 4, 2010[2]) was an Austrianarchitect.[3]

Austrian Cultural Forum New York ( "ACFNY" )
ACFNY auditorium
Anthology Film Archives
Oberwart Haus Dellacher

Early life and formal education

[edit]

Raimund Johann Abraham was born in 1933 inLienz,East Tyrol,Austria.[4]Throughout a 40-year career, Abraham created visionary projects and built works of architecture in Europe and in the United States.[5]From 1952 to 1958, Abraham studied at theGraz University of Technology.In 1959, he established a studio inVienna,where he explored the depths and boundaries of architecture through building, drawing, and montage.[6]Abraham's first book, the 1965 publication "Elementare Architektur" was made at a time of transition between architecture studies and practice.[7]In this early volume on elemental structures, Abraham explores the built environment, absent aesthetic speculation, and determinations about design instead coming from the relative level of knowledge and also the desires of the builder. In 1964, Abraham emigrated to the United States.

Architecture career

[edit]

Abraham was an influential architect in his native Austria and the New York avant-garde. Abraham's poetic architectural vision was influenced by the Viennese tradition to alignarchitecturewithsculpture,and also by theAustrianphysicistandphilosopherErnst Mach.Abraham theorized architecture on acollisioncourse with the needs of humans, yet striving for coexistence, in a constant state of creative tension.[8]Beginning in the late 1950s, his Enigma tic architecture placed Abraham among the avant-garde, such asHans Hollein,Walter PichlerandGünther Domenig.In 1958, Abraham collaborated withFriedrich St. Florian,placing third in an international competition to design the Pan Arabian University of Saudi Arabia, and in 1959, placing second, for the design of theDemocratic Republic of the CongoCultural Center inLéopoldville.[9]Abraham criticized mainstream architecture's preoccupation with style, its indifference to history, and the rigid definition ofModernismat that time.[10]Abraham went on to influence generations of professional architects through architectural drawings, projects, and teaching.

A self-describedincurable formalist,Abraham's notable built architecture includesHouse Dellacher(1963–67), in theOberwart Districtof Burgenland, Austria,Public Housing Complex,(1968–69), andExperimental Kindergarten(1969-70) inProvidence,Rhode Island.In 1973, Abraham was awarded the commission forRainbow PlazainNiagara Falls,New York, which he co-designed with Giuliano Fiorenzoli. The same year, Abraham was asked to transform the New Essex Market Courthouse building, located at 32 Second Avenue,New York City,for reuse as theAnthology Film Archives(1980–89), with collaborator-architects Kevin Bone and Joseph Levin.[11]The portfolioUntitledmarked the occasion.[12]

In the mid-1980s, Abraham won the architecture competition to build a mixed-use residential and commercial complex, IBABERLIN, in Friedrichstraße32-33 (1985–88), a major street in centralBerlin,which forms the core of theFriedrichstadtneighborhood. The area was originally constructed to extend the city center, during the first half of the 18th century, in theBaroquestyle, and after significant damage duringWorld War II,and then partly rebuilt before the division of theBerlin Wall.Abraham explained the work as a tribute to"a city of memories, hope and despair. A City mutilated and fragmented by war, offended through reconstruction and isolated by political manipulations. Historical fragments remain, monuments of the past, elements for a new architectural beginning. New elements are suggested. First independent, then connected to form a dialectical topography of urban Architecture."[13]

Abraham contributed the design forTraviatagasse(1987-1991), inVienna,with Carl Pruscha. Other buildings designed by Abraham includeResidential/Commercial Building(1990–93), inGraz,Austria;House Bernard(1985),Hypo-BankandHypo-House(1993–96), situated in the historic center of the small town ofTyrol,inLienz,Austria.[14]In later years, Abraham designed his own home in Mazunte,Mexico.[15][16][17]

Among Abraham's many well known hypothetical projects isSeven Gates to Eden,a bold hand-drawn analysis of the suburban house, exhibited in the 1976Venice Biennale,curated byFrancesco Dal Co,and included in a 1981 show at theYale School of Architecture,entitledCollisions,curated by New York architectGeorge Ranalli.[18]Abraham'sCity Of Twofold Vision, Cannaregio West,(1978–80), is sited in Cannaregio, the northernmost of the six historic districts of the historic city ofVenice,Italy.[19][20]Abraham also designed theLes Halles Redevelopmentproject (1980) forParis,France,andInterior(2001), and his design forThe New Acropolis Museum(2002) inAthens,Greecearticulates new ideas about the contextualization of monuments.[21][22]In 2002, Abraham contributed a poetic artistic response to New York's World Trade Center attack on September 11, 2001. Abraham's proposal is a poignant symbol to regain footing while envisioning a new future architecture for the City of New York.

Perhaps Abraham's best known work of architecture is theAustrian Cultural Forum New York(1993-02), at 11 East 52nd Street; a building ingeniously arranged onto a site only 25 feet wide.[23][24]Architectural historianKenneth Framptonhas recognized the Austrian Cultural Forum as "the most significant modern piece of architecture to be realized in Manhattan since theSeagram BuildingandGuggenheim Museumin 1959. "[25][26]Another notable project,MusikerhausorHouse for Musicians(1999), in Hombroich, near toDüsseldorf,Germany.The built atop a formerNATOmissile base. Abraham adapted the site for reuse as an artists' residence and exhibition gallery. Abraham'sMusikerhauswas completed posthumously, under the supervision of Abraham's daughter Una, in 2013.[27][28]In 2015, The German Architecture Museum (DAM) identified Abraham'sMusikerhausas a significant new building constructed in Germany.[29]

Abraham was awarded aStone Lion(1985), at the 3rd International Architecture Exhibition for "Progetto Venezia," an international competition sponsored by theVenice Biennale,under the directorship ofAldo Rossi.[30]He also earned theGrand Prize of Architecture(1995), andGold Medal of Honor(2005) formeritorious service to the Province ofVienna.[31]

In 2011, Abraham was part of the ensemble cast in the film"Sleepless nights stories,"which includedMarina Abramović,Thomas Boujut,Louise Bourgeois,Simon Bryant, Phong Bui, Pip Chodorov, Louis Garrel,Björk Gudmundsdottir,Flo Jacobs, Ken Jacobs, Harmony Korine, Lefty Korine, Rachel Korine-Simon, Kris Kucinskas, Hopi Lebel, Jean-Jacques Lebel, Diane Lewis, Jonas Lozoraitis, Adolfas Mekas, Oona Mekas, Sebastian Mekas, DoDo Jin Ming, Dalius Naujokaitis,Benn Northover,Hans Ulrich Obrist,Yoko Ono,Nathalie Provosty, Carolee Schneeman,Patti Smith,and Lee Stringer.[32]The March 22, 2015 premiere ofScenes from the Life of Raimund Abraham(2013), by film diarist Jonas Mekas, is acinéma véritéstyle documentary of the lift of Raimund Abraham which carries its subject, the visionary architect, into the future.[33][34]

Drawing architecture

[edit]

Abraham's article entitled ''The Meaning of Place in Art and Architecture ", published in 1983 refutes the opposition of Art and Architecture.[35]Abraham is known for creating visionary architectural hand-drawings dominated by the elemental and archaic described in a few basic shapes.[36][37][38]Throughout his career, Abraham asserted the autonomous, fundamental value of a drawing as a manifestation of architecture,[39]stating, "The drawing is one of the tools we have available for the realization of an architectural idea." To Abraham, drawing was as much the work of the architect as building. Critics describe Abraham's drawings asarchitectural poetry on paper.[40]Many of his visionary drawings are exhibited and collected as fine art.[41]

During the 1960s and 70s, Abraham's interest in the typology of the house inspired masterful, visually compelling, imaginative architectural drawings, accompanied by evocative titles and texts, such asGlacier City, from the Linear City Series Project, Sectional perspective(1964) - an invisible city, between walls, on either side of a wide valley;[42]Universal City, project, Sectional perspective (1966);[43]Earth-Cloud House, project(1970);[44]andThe House with Curtains Project, Perspective(1972), about which Abraham notes, in the accompanying poem entitled "Elements of the House," the opposing sensations and feelings, natural elements and cycles, and spatial components characterizing his subject,The House without Rooms, project, elevation and plan(1974).[45][46]Abraham's drawn architecture explores human dwellings, the ritual of habitation, and the subjectivity of spatial conditions, especially interiority.[47][48]Abraham's shadowy visions, such asRadar Cities,Terza Mostra d' Architettura,(1985);Jewish Museum Project, Judenplatz, Vienna, Austria Project,Exterior perspective(1997);[49]andMetropolitan Core(2010) propose thoughtful architectural prototypes. The work is a prescient meditation on architectural scale, not only its relationship to the scale of the human body, but also the impact of scale upon multi-sensory perception and imagination.[50]

Abraham explained the inspiration forNine Projects for Venice(1979–80):"the absence of the mechanical scale of land-bound transportation, Venice, as no other City, has been able to retain a physiological morphology which has consistently reversed all known spatial principles of Cartesian origins."[51]Abraham populates the city of Venice with architectural inventions, such asWall of Lost Journeys,House For Boats,Square of Solitude,andTower of Wisdom.Abraham's drawn architecture is symbolic of the mythology for collisions and the potential of architectural expression.[52][53]In the collection Reynolda House Museum of American Art, Abraham's Untitled (1982) drawing of a geometric structure set in a hilly landscape; along the edge is composed (from top to bottom) of an isometric view, a side elevation, and cross-section.[54]

Architecture education

[edit]

Abraham explained his role as an educator as follows:"Teaching forces me to engage in a critical dialogue with somebody else, and find a level of objectivity that allows me to have a fair critical argument. My role as a teacher is simply to clarify, although that's a bit simplistic. When I give a problem to the students, it's my problem; I am trying to anticipate how I could solve that problem. And my joy is when the students come up with a solution I haven't thought of."[55]

After arriving in the United States in the mid-1960s, Abraham taught atRhode Island School of Design,inProvidence,Rhode Island,and then for 31-years, he was a professor of architecture at theCooper Union School of Art and Architecture,New York, N.Y., and adjunct faculty member atPratt Institute,Brooklyn,New York. Abraham was also variously a visiting professor in architecture design at the Open Atelier of Design and Architecture (OADA) inNew York City;Hines College of Architectureat theUniversity of Houston,Texas;Yale School of Architectureand Environmental Studies;Harvard Graduate School of Design;Architectural Association School of Architecture,London;Southern California Institute of Architecture(SCI-Arc),Los Angeles, California;Technical Universities,Graz;and University of Strasbourg.[56][57][58][59][60][61][62]

Exhibitions

[edit]

The work of Raimund Abraham has been exhibited widely at museums and galleries worldwide, includingModerna Museet,Stockholm,Sweden;Museo Correr,Venice,Italy;Centre Pompidou,Paris,France;Pinacotheca,Athens,Greece;National Gallery (Berlin);Venice Biennale;German Architecture Museum,Frankfurt; Krinzinger Gallery, Innsbruck;Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine ArtsofChicago,Illinois; and theMuseum of Modern ArtandArchitectural League of New York.

Solo exhibitions and programs

[edit]

Group exhibitions

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^AEIOUprofile on Raimund Abraham4 March 2010
  2. ^"Experimental Architect Raimund Abraham Dies in Car Accident"LA Times4 March 2010
  3. ^William Grimes, "Raimund Abraham, 76, Dies; Architect Known for Visionary Drawings",The New York Times,March 6, 2010, retrieved 12 March 2010
  4. ^Abraham, Raimund. "Raimund Johann AbrahamAustrian-born American architect". Encyclopedia Britinicanna.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|url=(help)
  5. ^"Tribute to Raimund Abraham".The Austrian Cultural Forum NYC. May 13, 2005.
  6. ^Weibel, Peter, ed. (May 17, 2005).Beyond Art: A Third Culture: A Comparative Study in Cultures, Art and Science in 20th Century Austria and Hungary(1st ed.). Vienna: Springer Vienna Architecture.ISBN978-3211245620.
  7. ^Abraham, Raimund (1965).Elementare Architektur(1st ed.). Salzburg: Pustet. pp. XXXVI, 74 S.: überw. Ill.: 29 cm.ISBN978-3702504397.
  8. ^Woods, Lebbeus (April 4, 2010)."Tribute> Raimund Abraham".The Architect's Newspaper.
  9. ^Morgan, William (March 1, 2014). "Submission Requirements: Design competitions and the creative economy". AIA Architect.
  10. ^Sennott, Stephen, ed. (January 1, 2004).Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture.Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 5.ISBN978-1579584344.
  11. ^"About/ History".Anthology Film Archives.
  12. ^"Untitled: Artist/ Maker Raimund Abraham".Reynolda House.Reynolda House Museum of American Art.
  13. ^Schulman, Richard (2004).Portraits of the new architecture.New York, NY: Assouline.ISBN978-2843235733.OCLC56986243.
  14. ^"Raimund Abraham Bank in Lienz Austria 19931996 | Floornature".Floornature(in Italian).Retrieved2018-05-29.
  15. ^Düriegl, Günter, ed. (April 22, 2010). "Architect Raim Abraham has died in an accident".Rotweissenrot:40.
  16. ^"The Architecture of the Austrian Cultural Institute by Raimund Abraham".Architekturzentrum Wien. 1999.
  17. ^Hill, John, ed. (December 5, 2011).New York City, Guide to Contemporary New York City Architecture(1 ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.ISBN978-0393733266.
  18. ^Ryan, Raymund."The life of Raimund Abraham".Architectural Review.The Architectural Review.Retrieved13 May2010.
  19. ^Abraham, Raimund (1980). "10 immagini per Venezia: mostra dei progetti per Cannaregio Ovest: Venezia, Ala Napoleonica, 1 aprile-30 aprile 1980".2(Architettura, Progetto). Rome: Officina: 165 pages: illustrations, 22 cm.OCLC7577208.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  20. ^Archer, B. J; Vidler, Anthony; Abraham, Raimund (1983).Follies: architecture for the late-20th-century landscape: Raimund Abraham...New York: Rizzoli.ISBN978-0847805105.OCLC165818026.
  21. ^"Witness and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of Congress".The Library of Congress: Prints and Photographs Division.
  22. ^Baraona Pohl, Ethel (September 2, 2011). "Reviews: Raimund Abramah [Un]Built: 15 years after its publication, the second edition". Domus.
  23. ^Lepik, Andres; Stadler, Andreas; Plakke, David; Polidori, Robert (2010).Raimund Abraham & the Austrian cultural forum New York.Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz.ISBN9783775727259.OCLC800244451.
  24. ^"Forum and Function".NYMag.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  25. ^"Raimund Abraham (1933 – 2010)".Austrian Information.63(Spring 2010).
  26. ^Lepik, Andres; Stadler, Andreas, eds. (2010).Raimund Abraham & the Austrian Cultural Forum New York(in German and English). Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz. pp. 128 pages: illustrations (chiefly color), 22 cm.ISBN9783775727259.
  27. ^Quirk, Vanessa (July 23, 2012)."Raimund Abraham's Final Work / Photographer Thomas Mayer".Arch Daily.
  28. ^Taylor, James (February 7, 2014). "Raimund Abraham's Last Project Realized at Former NATO Missile Base". Arch Daily.
  29. ^Cachola Schmal, Peter; Gräwe, Christina; Förster, Yorck (2015).Deutsches Architektur Jahrbuch: German architecture annual 2015/16.Munich: Prestel. pp. 195 p.: il., 28 cm.ISBN9783791354781.
  30. ^Walker Art Center (1983). "Site: The Meaning of Place in Art and Architecture".Design Quarterly.122(122): 35–36.JSTOR4091084.
  31. ^Beaver, Robin; Slessor, Catherine (eds.).Contemporary Architecture CA1, CA1 Series, Volume 1 of CA: Contemporary Architecture.p. 241.
  32. ^Mekas, Jonas; Burchil, Elle (eds.)."Sleepless nights stories".Re:Voir Video: 1 videodisc (114 min.): DVD video, sound, color, 4 3/4 in. + accompanying guide (21 pages: illustrations, 18 cm).OCLC853626183.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  33. ^Taubin, Amy."Friends With Benefits".ArtForum.Artforum International Magazine.RetrievedDecember 19,2015.
  34. ^Hill, John (2015-03-12)."A Daily Dose of Architecture: Scenes from the life of Raimund Abraham".A Daily Dose of Architecture.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  35. ^"Raimund Abraham in Design Quarterly".Unit 01 Greenwich.2014-01-11.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  36. ^Amelar, Sarah (March 9, 2010)."In Memoriam: Raimund Johann Abraham (1933-2010)".Architectural Record.
  37. ^Collins, George R; Smithsonian Institution; Traveling Exhibition Service; Drawing Center (New York, N.Y.) (1979).Visionary drawings of architecture and planning: 20th century through the 1960s: developed for travel and circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES).Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.ISBN978-0262030700.OCLC5450676.
  38. ^Klotz, Heinrich; Fischer, Volker (1985).Postmodern visions: drawings, paintings, and models by contemporary architects.New York: Abbeville Press.ISBN978-0896595699.OCLC11782670.
  39. ^Brillembourg, Carlos (October 1, 2001)."Raimund Abraham".BOMB Magazine.No. 77.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
  40. ^Miller, Norbert (2011). "Imagination and the calculus of reality. Raimund Abraham [UN]BUILT". Springer.
  41. ^Riley, Terrance, ed. (2002).The Changing of the Avant-Garde: Visionary Architectural Drawings from the Howard Gilman Collection.New York: The Museum of Modern Art. p. 116.
  42. ^"Raimund Abraham. Glacier City, from the Linear City Series Project, Sectional perspective. 1964 | MoMA".moma.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  43. ^"Raimund Abraham. Universal City, project, Sectional perspective. 1966 | MoMA".moma.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  44. ^"Raimund Abraham. Earth-Cloud House, project. 1970 | MoMA".moma.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  45. ^"MoMA's" Endless House "Is a Bleak Affair - Metropolis".Metropolis.2015-10-09.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  46. ^"Raimund Abraham. The House without Rooms Project, Elevation and plan. 1974 | MoMA".moma.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  47. ^McQuaid, Matilda, ed. (2002).Envisioning Architecture: Drawings from The Museum of Modern Art.New York: The Museum of Modern Art.
  48. ^Abraham, Raimund (1982)."Negation and reconciliation".Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal.19.New Haven, Connecticut: Yale School of Architecture: 190 pages: illustrations, 31 cm.OCLC35749940.
  49. ^"Raimund Abraham. Jewish Museum Project, Judenplatz, Vienna, Austria Project, Exterior perspective. 1992 | MoMA".moma.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  50. ^Klotz, Heinrich, ed. (1985)."Raimund Abraham".Postmodern visions: drawings, paintings, and models by contemporary architects.New York: Abbeville Press. pp. 357 pages: illustrations (some color), 29 cm.ISBN978-0896595699.
  51. ^Sky, Alison; Stone, Michelle (1976).Unbuilt America: forgotten architecture in the United States from Thomas Jefferson to the space age: a book.New York: McGraw-Hill.ISBN978-0070577602.OCLC2332125.
  52. ^Manaugh, Geoff."I'm exposing matter to the forces of time..."Canadian Centre for Architecture.Archived fromthe originalon 2010-08-05.
  53. ^Sky, Alison; Michelle, Stone, eds. (1976).Unbuilt America: Forgotten Architecture in the United States from Thomas Jefferson to the Space Age.New York: McGraw Hill.
  54. ^"Untitled | Reynolda House Museum of American Art".reynoldahouse.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  55. ^Brillembourg, Carlos (2001)."Raimund Abraham".BOMB, vol 77.
  56. ^Abraham, Raimund (1980)."Honors Design Studio, spring 1980".Houston, Texas: University of Houston: 1 v. (unpaged): chiefly ill. (some col.), 22 x 29 cm.OCLC669626075.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  57. ^"Raimund Abraham, former RISD faculty member dies in Los Angeles".RISD Academic Affairs. March 16, 2010.
  58. ^Whitten, Theodore; Osman, Michael, eds. (September 19, 1999).Retrospecta, 98/99: The Annual Retrospective of the Yale School of Architecture.ISBN978-0967402109.
  59. ^"Grenzlinien: eine Odyssee = Borderlines: an odyssey" (in German and English). Graz: Technische Universität. 1989: 119 pages: illustrations, 28 cm.OCLC21308500.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  60. ^"Raimund Abraham Seven Gates".Architecture Association School of Architecture. January 13, 1977.
  61. ^"SCI-Arc NEWS: ARCHITECT RAIMUND ABRAHAM (1933-2010) Dies in Car Accident in Los Angeles". Southern California Institute of Architecture. March 4, 2010.
  62. ^The New School Archives & Special Collections."Digital Collections: Raimund Abraham".The New School.
  63. ^""Back Home: the architecture of Raimund Abraham" retrospective - BMIAA ".BMIAA.2016-10-03.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  64. ^Taubin, Amy (December 19, 2015). "Friends With Benefits". ArtForum.
  65. ^"Raimund Abraham" Musikerhaus ".NY Art Beat. 2011.
  66. ^Johnson, Ken (February 1, 2008). "Art Review: Under Pain of Death".The New York Times.
  67. ^"RAIMUND ABRAHAM: JingYa Ocean Entertainment Center Beijing".Frederieke Taylor Gallery.
  68. ^"Raimund Abraham in mostra a Milano".AR.30(2): 58. January 2002.
  69. ^"Preview: The New Austrian Cultural Institute by Raimund Abraham | MoMA".moma.org.Retrieved2018-05-29.
  70. ^"Books Celebrating Exhibitions: [UN]BUILT Raimund Abraham".The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture of the Cooper Union.RetrievedJanuary 8,2016.
  71. ^Abraham, R. (1986). Fingerle, Christoph Mayr (ed.). "Raimund Abraham: Ungebaut". Bozen: Forum AR/GE Kunst.OCLC875488333.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  72. ^Abraham, Raimund; Campo, B.A (1983).Raimund Abraham: Obras y proyectos, 1960-1983.Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Escuela T.S. de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid: Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Comisión de Cultura.ISBN978-8485572564.
  73. ^Abraham, R.J.; Ott, N. (1983). "Raimund Abraham Berlin Projekte [1980 - 1983]; Kirche an der Mauer, zwei Monumente, IBA Projekt; Ausstellung vom 27. Mai bis 2. Juli 1983". Berlin: Aedes.OCLC615123352.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  74. ^"Raimund Abraham, Collisions: exhibition October 26-December 4, 1981; Art and Architecture Gallery". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale School of Architecture: 24 pages: illustrations, 28 cm.OCLC9559117.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  75. ^P. Adams Sitney (1976). "Raimund Abraham: Seven Gates to Eden". London: Art Net: 8 unnumbered pages, 21 cm.OCLC63169912.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  76. ^Abraham, Raimund (1975). "Raimund Abraham: la casa, universo del hombre". Mexico City: Galería Universitaria Aristos: 17 unnumbered pages: illustrations, portrait, 25 cm.OCLC174570958.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  77. ^Karl, Kurt, ed. (1973). "Raimund Abraham: works 1960-73". Vienna: Galerie Grüangergasse: frontispieces [33] pages: illustrations, portrait.OCLC80536320.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  78. ^Khachiyan, Anna (2015)."Bleak House: A MoMA exhibition on the single-family home and its archetypes tells us a lot without saying anything at all".The Museum of Modern Art.
  79. ^Pettena, Gianni (2013). "Vienna e dintorni: Raimund Abraham, Hans Hollein, Max Peintner, Gianni Pettena, Walter Pichler, Ettore Sottsass" (in Italian and English). Milan, Italy: Galleria G. Bonelli.OCLC847553191.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  80. ^Gardner, James (July 24, 2008)."Chaos and Danger in Architectural Design".Arts.The New York Sun.
  81. ^Ex. Position: Avantgarde Tirol 1960/75.Innsbruck: Tiroler Landesmuseum. 2004.ISBN978-3900083069.
  82. ^"Hombroich spaceplacelab: laboratory for other modes of living, 9:1=landscape:building". La Biennale di Venezia. 2004.OCLC888762634.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  83. ^Aquin, Stéphane, ed. (2003).Global village: the 1960s.Montreal, Canada: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, in association with Snoeck Publishers.ISBN978-2891922678.
  84. ^Rizzi, Roberto (2003).Civilization of living: the evolution of European domestic interiors.Milan, Italy: Edizione Lybra Immagine.ISBN978-8882230630.
  85. ^A new World Trade Center: design proposals from leading architects worldwide(1st ed.). New York, N.Y.: ReganBooks. 2002. p. xi.ISBN978-0060520168.
  86. ^Abraham, Raimund (1999).The Architecture of The Austrian Cultural Forum.Saltzburg: Verlag Anton Pustet.
  87. ^Heerich, Erwin, ed. (1996)."Museum Insel Hombroich: architecture, launching area, sculpture".Neuss, Germany: Museum Insel Hombroich.OCLC40887015.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  88. ^Oron, Ran (1996).Planes.New York: Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.ISBN978-1884300028.
  89. ^"13 Austrian positions: [Austrian Exhibition" 13 Austrian Positions "]; September 8 - October 10, 1991" (in English and Italian). Biennale di Venezia: Fifth International Exhibition of Architecture. 1991.OCLC633116065.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  90. ^"Follies: arquitectura para el paisaje de finales del siglo XX: [una exposición de Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, James Corcoran Gallery, Los Angeles y MOPU Arquitectura, Madrid, mayo-junio 1984"(in Spanish). Madrid: MOPU D.L. 1984.OCLC434867764.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  91. ^"Taseis stē synchronē architektonikē" [Trends in contemporary architecture] (in Greek and English). Athens: National Gallery Alexander Soutzos Museum. 1982.OCLC54187112.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  92. ^"Inventionen: Piranesi und Architekturphantasien in der Gegenwart; 13. Dezember 1981 - 10 February 1982"(in German). Hanover: Dt. Werkbund Niedersachsen und Bremen. 1981.OCLC831076716.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  93. ^Dal Co, Francesco (ed.). "Dieci immagini per Venezia: Raimund Abraham, Carlo Aymonino, Peter Eisenman, John Hejduk, Bernhard Hoesli, Rafael Moneo, Valeriano Pastor, Gianugo Polesello, Aldo Rossi, Luciano Semerani; nostra dei progetti per Cannaregio Ovest, Venezia Ala Napoleonica, 1. aprile - 30. aprile 1980" (in Italian). Venice: Officina Edizioni.OCLC630366233.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  94. ^Visionary drawings of architecture and planning: 20th century through the 1960s: developed for travel and circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES)(1st ed.). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 1979.ISBN978-0262030700.
  95. ^"Architecture: Seven Architects".Institute of Contemporary Art University of Pennsylvania.University of Pennsylvania.RetrievedJanuary 8,2015.
  96. ^Apraxine, Pierre; Castelli Gallery, Leo; University of Pennsylvania (1977). "Architecture I: Raimund Abraham, Emilio Ambasz, Richard Meier, Walter Pichler, Aldo Rossi, James Stirling, Venturi and Rauch". New York: Leo Castelli.OCLC4155863.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  97. ^Sitney, P. Adam. "Seven gates to Eden". London: Art Net.OCLC63169912.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  98. ^"The Collection: Raimund Abraham: Glacier City, from the Linear City Series Project, Sectional perspective 1964".Museum of Modern Art.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Groihofer, Brigitte (Ed.):Raimund Abraham [UN]Built.Springer, 1996
  • Abraham, R. (1988).Viena pálida.Madrid: AviSa.
  • Abraham, R.J.; Dapra, J (1964).Elementare architektur.Salzburg: Residenz Verlag.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raimund_Abraham&oldid=1227668720"