Rangwapithecus
| Rangwapithecus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Jaw ofRangwapithecus gordoni | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | †Dendropithecidae |
| Subfamily: | †Nyanzapithecinae |
| Genus: | †Rangwapithecus Andrews, 1974 |
Rangwapithecusis an extinct genus of ape from the EarlyMioceneof Kenya. Late Miocene phalanges from Hungary have also been assigned to this genus, but were later reclassified asDryopithecus.[1]
Description
[edit]Rangwapithecusweighed approximately 15 kg (33 lb) and the size and shape of the ape's teeth indicate that it was afolivore.[2]An arboreal ape from the earliestMiocene[3]adapted to life in the rainforest, it is associated particularly withMfangano Island[4]although the species previously inhabited a woodland-bushland environment.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit]RangwapithecuswassympatricwithProconsul,[6]and may be synonymous with bothProconsul gordoniandProconsul vancouveringi.[7]It is also similar to another species[vague]found in Africa.[8]Rangwapithecus gordoniandP. africanusare similarly sized though they differ morphologically, and both are restricted to Koru andSonghur.[9]
Notes
[edit]- ^Begun 1988
- ^Fleagle 1999,p. 462
- ^Lyell 1833,p. 343
- ^Andrews & Kelley 2007,Abstract
- ^Andrews & Evans 1979
- ^Cameron 2004,p. 62
- ^Tuttle 1986,p. 28
- ^Leakey & Leakey 1987,Abstract
- ^Andrews 2000,p. 356
References
[edit]- Andrews, Peter (May 2000). "Evolution and Environment in the Hominoidea". InGee, H(ed.).Shaking the tree: readings from Nature in the history of life.University of Chicago Press.ISBN978-0-226-28497-2.
- Andrews, P; Cronin, JE (1982). "The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan".Nature.297(5867): 541–6.Bibcode:1982Natur.297..541A.doi:10.1038/297541a0.PMID7045678.S2CID4368755.
- Andrews, P.; Evans, E. N. (1979). "The Environment of Ramapithecus in Africa".Paleobiology.5(1): 22–30.Bibcode:1979Pbio....5...22A.doi:10.1017/s0094837300006266.JSTOR2400387.S2CID88248574.
- Andrews, Peter; Kelley, Jay (2007). "Middle Miocene Dispersals of Apes".Folia Primatologica.78(5–6): 328–43.doi:10.1159/000105148.PMID17855786.S2CID19293586.
- Begun, David R. (1988)."Catarrhine phalanges from the Late Miocene (Vallesian) of Rudabánya, Hungary"(PDF).Journal of Human Evolution.17(4): 413–37.Bibcode:1988JHumE..17..413B.doi:10.1016/0047-2484(88)90030-9.Retrieved2012-12-22.
- Cameron, D. W. (2004).Hominid adaptations and extinctions.UNSW Press.ISBN9780868407166.
- Fleagle, JG (1999).Primate adaptation and evolution.Academic Press.ISBN978-0-12-260341-9.
- Greenfield, Leonard Owen (1979). "On the adaptive pattern of" Ramapithecus "".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.50(4): 527–48.doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500406.PMID111557.
- Greenfield, L. O. (1987)."A Late Divergence Hypothesis".In Ciochon, Russell L.; Fleagle, John G. (eds.).Primate evolution and human origins.Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series. Transaction Publishers. p. 222.ISBN9780202011752.Retrieved2011-12-29.
- Leakey, R.E.; Leakey, M.G. (1987). "A new Miocene small-bodied ape from Kenya".Journal of Human Evolution.16(4): 369–87.Bibcode:1987JHumE..16..369L.doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90067-4.
- Lyell, C(1833).Principles of geology: being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation, Volume 3.J. Murray.Retrieved2011-12-29.
- Schwartz, JH (1984). "The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans".Nature.308(5959): 501–5.Bibcode:1984Natur.308..501S.doi:10.1038/308501a0.PMID6424028.S2CID4343195.
- Tuttle, R. (1986).Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality, and ecology.Noyes Publ. p. 28.ISBN9780815511045.
- Tuttle, Russell H. (2006). "Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies". In Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato (eds.).Human origins and environmental backgrounds.Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Birkhäuser. pp. 15–29.ISBN978-0387296388.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toRangwapithecus.
- Wolpoff, M. H.; De Bonis, L.; Fleagle, J. G.; Frayer, D. W.; Greenfield, L. O.; Jacobs, K. H.; Protsch, R.; Rightmire, P. G.; Sarich, V. (1982). "Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply]".Current Anthropology.23(5): 501–522.doi:10.1086/202893.JSTOR2742391.S2CID88285271.
