Halocaridina rubra
| Halocaridina rubra | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ovigerousʻōpaeʻula | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Caridea |
| Family: | Atyidae |
| Genus: | Halocaridina |
| Species: | H. rubra
|
| Binomial name | |
| Halocaridina rubra Holthuis,1963
| |
Halocaridina rubra,theHawaiian red shrimporvolcano shrimpis a small redshrimpof thefamilyAtyidae,with the commonHawaiiannameʻōpaeʻula(meaning "red shrimp" ).[1]
Description and distribution
[edit]Halocaridina rubraare small red shrimp, which can also appear yellow or orange, and are rarely longer than 1.5 cm (0.6 in). They have a short and pointed rostrum, up to the end of the basal segment of the antennular peduncle. It is dorsoventrally depressed, being broadly triangular in dorsal view and narrow in lateral view. It does not have teeth or spines.[2]
They are typically found inbrackish waterpools near the sea shore, sometimes in large numbers. Such pools are referred to asanchialine pools(from theGreekanchialos= near the sea). They have also been found in caverns in the coral plains near the seashore and wells close to the ocean.[3]Halocaridina rubraisendemicto theHawaiian Islands,and most commonly found in anchialine pools in freshlavasubstrates onHawaiʻiandMauiIsland; it has also been found inlimestone karstpools and hypogeal habitats in limestone on older islands, such asOʻahu.Its habitat is unique and sparsely represented on five of the eight high Hawaiian Islands (Maui, Kahoʻolawe, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi).[1]
Ecology
[edit]ʻŌpaeʻulaareherbivorousanddetritivorousshrimp occupying both hypogeal (subterranean) and epigeal (surface)anchialine waters.[4]Typical food ofʻōpaeʻulaisalgalandbacterialmats on the surface of rocks and other substrates in anchialine pools.Chelipedsare adapted for scraping and filtering of algal-bacterial layers.[1]Serrated setae scrape the substrate surface, and filamentous setae collect the loosened food materials. The latter can also act as filters forfilter feedingduringphytoplanktonblooms.[1]The grazing activity of this shrimp is essential in maintaining the integrity of the crust, an actively growing matrix of plants, bacteria, diatoms, protozoans, and underlying siliceous and carbonate materials.Halocaridinais well adapted to the epigeal-hypogeal habitat in the pools. It reproduces in the subterranean portion of the habitat.[1]
Aquaria
[edit]Recent popularity ofʻōpaeʻulaas a low-maintenance pet in Hawaiʻi and elsewhere has brought this otherwise obscure decapod crustacean into popular consciousness. A long-lived species,ʻōpaeʻulahave been known to live for as long as 20 years in captivity. Sexes are difficult to distinguish, except whengravidfemales carry clusters of red/maroon eggs under their pleopods. Early larvae areplanktonicfilter-feeders.
They occasionally molt their shells, which can be seen as silvery exoskeletons at the bottom of the tank. There may be some evidence thatʻōpaeʻulamate after molting, or that molting and mating may be related.[5]
Stressed ʻōpaeʻula tend to hide, though if given plenty of places to hide they are more likely to venture into open spaces.[5]ʻŌpaeʻulaare social creatures and are rarely seen fighting, in fact when unstressed they often cluster together while eating or sunbathing. Shrimp in tanks can also be seen cleaning themselves or swimming slow laps.
The shrimp is the animal featured in theEcosphereclosed-system aquarium.
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References
[edit]- ^abcdeJulie H. Bailey-Brock & Richard E. Brock (1993). "Feeding, reproduction, and sense organs of the Hawaiian anchialine shrimpHalocaridina rubra(Atyidae) ".Pacific Science.47(4): 338–355.hdl:10125/2024.
- ^Holthuis, L. (1963)."On red coloured shrimps (Decapoda, Caridea) from tropical land-locked saltwater pools".Zoologische Mededelingen.38(16): 261–279.
- ^Edmondson, C. H. (1935)."New and rare Polynesian Crustacea"(PDF).Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.X(24).
- ^Banner, A. H.; Banner, D. M. (July 1960)."Contributions to the Knowledge of the Alpheid Shrimp of the Pacific Ocean: Part VII. On Metabetaeus Borradaile, with a New Species from Hawaii".Pacific Science.14(3): 299–303 – via Biostor.
- ^ab"The Amazing Creature!".fukubonsai.Retrieved2015-12-16.
Further reading
[edit]
- Scott R. Santos (2006)."Patterns of genetic connectivity among anchialine habitats: a case study of the endemic Hawaiian shrimpHalocaridina rubraon the island of Hawaii "(PDF).Molecular Ecology.15(10): 2699–2718.doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02965.x.PMID16911195.S2CID25660112.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2020-07-16.Retrieved2009-03-08.
- Jennifer L. Ivey & Scott R. Santos (2007). "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Hawaiian anchialine shrimpHalocaridina rubraHolthuis, 1963 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) ".Gene.394(1–2): 35–44.doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.009.PMID17317038.