Richard Upjohn
Richard Upjohn | |
---|---|
![]() Upjohn oil portrait circa 1870 | |
Born | |
Died | 16 August 1878 | (aged 76)
Nationality | British |
Occupation | Architect |
Buildings | William Rotch Jr. House Oaklands Kingscote Church of the Ascension Edward King House St. Paul's Cathedral Hamilton Hoppin House Kenworthy Hall |
Projects | Trinity Church Church of the Holy Communion Lindenwald Green-Wood Cemetery Gate |
Richard Upjohn(22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British architect who emigrated to the United States and became most famous for hisGothic Revivalchurches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize theItalianatestyle. He was a founder and the first president of theAmerican Institute of Architects.His son,Richard Michell Upjohn,(1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.[1][2]
Life and career[edit]
Richard Upjohn was born inShaftesbury,England,where he was apprenticed to a builder and cabinet-maker. He eventually became a master-mechanic. He and his family emigrated to the United States in 1829. They initially settled inNew Bedford, Massachusettsand then moved on toBostonin 1833, where he worked in architectural design.[2]He became anaturalizedcitizen of the United Statesin 1836.[3]His first major project was for the entrances to theBoston Common,the town's central park and his first church would be St. John's Episcopal Church inBangor, Maine.He had relocated toNew York Cityby 1839, where he worked on alterations to the famedTrinity ChurchonWall StreetinLower Manhattan.The alterations were later abandoned and he was commissioned to design a new church, completed in 1846, and still extant today. He published his extremely influential book,"Upjohn's rural architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures",in 1852. The designs in this publication were widely used across the country by builders, with many examples remaining.[1]
Upjohn, along with 13 other architects, co-founded theAmerican Institute of Architectson February 23, 1857. He served as president of that organization from 1857 to 1876, being succeeded byThomas Ustick Walter,fourthArchitect of the Capitol.He went on the design many buildings in a variety of styles. He died at his home inGarrison, New Yorkin 1878. Architectural drawings and papers by Upjohn and other family members are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of theAvery Architectural and Fine Arts LibraryatColumbia University,inNew York City,also by theNew York Public Library's Humanities and Social Sciences Library, in the Manuscripts and Archives division, and by theLibrary of Congress,Prints & Photographs Division onCapitol HillinWashington, D.C.[2]
He died on 16 August 1878 inPutnam County, New Yorkofcerebral softening.[4]
Projects[edit]
Some of Upjohn's notable projects include:
Churches[edit]
- St. John's Episcopal Church inBangor, Maine,(1835–36, burned 1911)
- Trinity ChurchinNew York City,(1839–46)
- The Church of the AscensioninNew York City,(1840–41)
- Christ ChurchinCobble Hill,Brooklyn, New York,(1841–42)
- Bethesda Episcopal ChurchinSaratoga Springs, New York,(1842)
- St. Thomas Episcopal ChurchinNewark, Delaware,(ca. 1843)
- Grace ChurchinProvidence, Rhode Island,(1845; withCram, Goodhue & Ferguson)
- Church of the Holy CrossinMiddletown, Rhode Island,(1845)
- Christ ChurchinCanaan, Connecticut,(1845–46)
- St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchinBrunswick, Maine,(1845)
- First Parish ChurchinBrunswick, Maine,(1845–46)
- Church of the Pilgrims (nowOur Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral) inBrooklyn Heights,Brooklyn, New York,(1846)
- St. Mary's Episcopal ChurchinBurlington, New Jersey,(1846–54)
- Christ Episcopal ChurchinRaleigh, North Carolina,(1846–48)
- St. Mary's Episcopal ChurchinPortsmouth, Rhode Island,(1847)
- St. Saviours Episcopal Church, inMaspeth,Queens,New York(1847)[5]
- St. James Episcopal Church, in New London, Connecticut (1847)
- Grace ChurchinNewark, New Jersey,(1847–48)
- Grace Episcopal ChurchinBrooklyn, New York,(1847–49)
- All Saints' Episcopal ChurchinBriarcliff Manor, New York,(1848–54)[6]
- Calvary Episcopal ChurchinStonington, Connecticut,(consecrated 1849)
- St. Thomas Episcopal ChurchinAmenia Union, New York,(1849–51)
- St. Paul's CathedralinBuffalo, New York,(1849–51)
- Zion Episcopal ChurchinRome, New York,(1850–1851)
- St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchinBrookline, Massachusetts,(1850-52)
- Church of St. John in the WildernessinCopake Falls, New York,(1852)
- St. John Chrysostom ChurchinDelafield, Wisconsin,(1851–56)
- Madison Square Presbyterian ChurchinNew York City,(1854)
- Christ Church (Episcopal)inBinghamton, New York,(1853–1855)
- Old St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchinBaltimore, Maryland,(1854)
- All Saints Episcopal ChurchinFrederick, Maryland,(1855)
- St. Mary's Episcopal ChapelinRaleigh, North Carolina,(1855)
- St. James Episcopal ChurchinMuncy, Pennsylvania,(1856)
- Christ Episcopal ChurchinMarlboro, New York,(1858)
- St. Mark's Episcopal ChurchinSan Antonio, Texas,(1858)
- Trinity ChapelinFar Rockaway,Queens, New York,(1858)
- St. Peter's Episcopal ChurchinAlbany, New York,(1859)
- Church of the Holy ComforterinPoughkeepsie, New York,(1860)
- Trinity Episcopal ChurchinWoodbridge, New Jersey,(1860)
- St. Philip's Church in the HighlandsinGarrison, New York,(1860–61)
- St. Stephen's Episcopal ChurchinProvidence, Rhode Island,(1860–62)
- Memorial Church of St. Luke The Beloved PhysicianinPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania,(1861)
- Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchinNew Rochelle, New York,(1862)
- St. John's Chapel atHobart CollegeinGeneva, New York,(1863)
- All Saint's Memorial ChurchinNavesink, New Jersey,(1863–64)
- Immanuel Episcopal ChurchinBellows Falls, Vermont,(1863–67)
- St. Peter's Episcopal ChurchinGeneva, New York,(1868)
- Church of the CovenantinBoston, Massachusetts,(1865–1867)[7]
- St. Luke's Episcopal ChurchinScranton, Pennsylvania,(1867)
- St. Mark's Episcopal ChurchinJim Thorpe, Pennsylvania,(1867)
- Christ Church EpiscopalinFitchburg, Massachusetts,(1867)[8]
- St. Thomas Episcopal ChurchinNew York City,(1870, burned 1905)
- St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchinSelma, Alabama,(1871–75)
- Cast-iron railing fence design inBoston Common,Boston, Massachusetts[9]
- North Gate Screen (1860s) and the Pierrepont family tomb (c. 1860) inGreen-Wood Cemetery,Brooklyn, New York[10]
- St. Mark's CathedralinSalt Lake City, Utah,(1870)
- Trinity ChurchinPrinceton, New Jersey,(1870)
- Rye Presbyterian Church inRye, New York,(1870)
- Grace Church/St. Agnes-by-the-LakeinAlgoma, Wisconsin,(1879, burned 1884, replica constructed 1891)
- Trinity Episcopal ChurchinLitchfield, Minnesota,(1871), attributed
- Trinity Episcopal ChurchinIowa City, Iowa,(1871), attributed
- Church of the Good ShepherdinBlue Earth, Minnesota,(1871–72), attributed
Residences[edit]
- William Rotch Jr. HouseinNew Bedford, Massachusetts,(1834)
- OaklandsinGardiner, Maine(1835)
- KingscoteinNewport, Rhode Island,(1839)
- Theodore Lyman House in Brookline, Massachusetts (1844–46)[11]
- Edward King HouseinNewport, Rhode Island,(1845–47)
- 70–72 Mount Vernon Street inBoston, Massachusetts,(1847–1848)[12]
- LindenwaldinKinderhook, New York,(1849)
- James and Mary Forsyth HouseinKingston, New York,(1849–50)
- W. W. Fairbanks HouseinTaunton, Massachusetts(1852)
- Charles H. Russell House, "Oaklawn," inNewport, Rhode Island(1852–53)[13]
- The GroveinCold Spring, New York,(1852–53)
- Rock Lawnin Garrison, New York (1852–53)
- Woodlawnin Garrison, New York (1854)
- Hamilton Hoppin HouseinMiddletown, Rhode Island(1856)
- Henry E. Pierrepont House inBrooklyn, New York(1856–57)[11]
- Kenworthy HallinMarion, Alabama,(1858–60)
- Marshall Woods HouseinProvidence, Rhode Island(1860–61)[14]
Civic Buildings[edit]
- Abiel Smith SchoolinBoston, Massachusetts,(1835)[15]
- Bristol Academy inTaunton, Massachusetts,(1852)
- Dorchester County Courthouse and JailinCambridge, Maryland,(1853)
- Corn Exchange Bank inNew York, New York(1854)[13]
- Edwin A. Stevens HallinHoboken, New Jersey,(1870)
Gallery[edit]
-
Trinity Church,New York City,(1839–46)
-
Kingscote,Newport, RI, (1839)
-
Bowdoin College Chapel,Brunswick, ME,(1844-1855)
-
Grace Church,Providence, RI,(1845)
-
Edward King House,Newport, RI, (1845-47)
-
Old St. Paul's Church,Baltimore,(1854)
-
Kenworthy Hall,Perry County, AL,(1858–60)
-
St. Peter's Episcopal Church,Albany, NY, (1859–60)
-
Screen,Green-Wood Cemetery(1860s)
-
All Saint's Memorial Church,Navesink, NJ,(1863–64)
-
Trinity Church, Princeton NJ,(1870, altered)
-
Trinity Episcopal Church,Litchfield, MN,(1871, attributed)
References[edit]
Notes
- ^abDoumato, Lamia. Richard Upjohn, Richard Michell Upjohn, and the Gothic Revival in America. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1984.ISBN0-89028-128-9
- ^abcEverard M., Upjohn (1939).Richard Upjohn: Architect And Churchman.Universal Digital Library.New York:Columbia University Press– viaInternet Archive.
- ^Murray, Christopher John (2004).Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760-1850, Volume 2.New York & London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p.1175.ISBN1-57958-422-5.
- ^"Richard Upjohn, Architect"(PDF).New York Times.16 August 1878.Retrieved2008-07-17.
Richard Upjohn, one of the oldest and most prominent church architects of this country, died on Friday, in the seventy-seventh year of his ago....
- ^Anastasio, Joseph (2017-11-15)."St. Saviours: The Historic Church that the NYC Government refused to save".LTV Squad.Retrieved2017-11-22.
- ^NRHPplaque:File:AllSaintsPlaque.jpg
- ^Susan and Michael Southworth,AIA Guide to Boston,Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut:Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.
- ^Christ Church Parish Records
- ^Susan and Michael Southworth,AIA Guide to Boston,Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut:Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.265.
- ^Alexandra Kathryn Mosca,"Green-Wood Cemetery"."Images of America" series, (Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2008), p.11
- ^abUpjohn,Richard Upjohn,139
- ^Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut: GPP, 2008), p.27.
- ^abUpjohn,Richard Upjohn,202
- ^Upjohn,Richard Upjohn,204
- ^Susan and Michael Southworth,AIA Guide to Boston,Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut:Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.41.
- ^Susan and Michael Southworth,AIA Guide to Boston,Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut:Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.
External links[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Columbia University Libraries: The Upjohn collection of architectural drawings by Richard, Richard Michell, and Hobart Upjohn:Architectural drawings, papers, and records, (circa 1827-1910) held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
- Richard Upjohn's Trinity Church construction records and drawings at Trinity Wall Street Archives
- Richard Upjohn buildings
- 1802 births
- 1878 deaths
- 19th-century American architects
- American ecclesiastical architects
- Architects from New York City
- Architects of Anglican churches
- Architects of cathedrals
- English emigrants to the United States
- Defunct architecture firms based in New York City
- English ecclesiastical architects
- Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
- Founder of American Institute of Architects
- People from Shaftesbury
- Presidents of the American Institute of Architects