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Richard Wright
Wright in 2006
Background information
Birth nameRichard William Wright
Also known asRick Wright
Born(1943-07-28)28 July 1943[1]
Hatch End,Middlesex,England[1]
Died15 September 2008(2008-09-15)(aged 65)
London,England
Genres
Occupations
  • Musician
  • composer
  • singer
  • songwriter
Instruments
  • Keyboards
  • vocals
Years active1962[2]–2008
Labels
Formerly of
Websiterickwright

Richard William Wright(28 July 1943 – 15 September 2008) was an English keyboardist and songwriter who co-founded theprogressive rockbandPink Floyd.He appeared on almost every Pink Floyd album and performed on all their tours.[3]He was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Famein 1996 as a member of Pink Floyd.

Wright grew up inHatch End,Middlesex,and met his future Pink Floyd bandmatesRoger WatersandNick Masonwhile studying architecture at theRegent Street Polytechnic,London. After being joined by frontman and songwriterSyd Barrett,Pink Floyd found commercial success in 1967. Barrett was replaced byDavid Gilmourin 1968, who, along with Waters and Wright, took over songwriting.

Initially contributing more as a singer-songwriter, Wright later acted mainly as anarrangeron compositions by Waters and Gilmour. He began to contribute less towards the end of the 1970s and left the band after touringThe Wallin 1981. He rejoined as a session player in 1987 forA Momentary Lapse of Reason,and rejoined full-time forThe Division Bellin 1994. Sessions with Wright during this period were later released on the 2014 albumThe Endless River.Wright recorded two solo albums and was briefly active in the pop duo Zee with Dave Harris ofFashion.Following Pink Floyd'sLive 8appearance in 2005, he became part of Gilmour's touring band, singing occasional lead vocals on songs such as "Arnold Layne".Wright died from lung cancer in London in September 2008, aged 65.

Wright'sjazzinfluences and distinctive keyboard playing were an important part of the Pink Floyd sound. As well as playingFarfisaandHammond organsandKurzweilsynthesisers, he sang regularly in the band and took lead vocals on songs such as "Remember a Day"(1968),"Time"(1973) and"Wearing the Inside Out"(1994).

Early life

[edit]

Wright, whose father was headbiochemistatUnigate,grew up inHatch End,Middlesex, and was educated at theHaberdashers' Aske's School.[4]He taught himself to playguitar,trombone,trumpetandpianoat the age of 12 while recuperating from a broken leg. His mother encouraged him to concentrate on the piano.[4]He took private lessons in music theory and composition at theEric GilderSchool of Music[5]and became influenced by thetrad jazz revival,learning thesaxophonealong with his other instruments, but continuing to focus on piano.[4]In 1962, uncertain about his future, Wright enrolled atRegent Street Polytechnic(later incorporated intoUniversity of Westminster) to studyarchitecture.[4]

At Regent Street Polytechnic, Wright met fellow musiciansRoger WatersandNick Mason,and all three joined a band formed by their classmate Clive Metcalf called Sigma 6.[2]Wright's position was initially tenuous, as he did not choose a definitive instrument, playing piano if a pub had one, otherwise settling on rhythm guitar or trombone.[6][7]

Wright moved with Waters and Mason into a house in Stanhope Gardens,Highgate,and they began serious rehearsals to become a professional group. Although Mason and Waters were competent students, Wright found architecture of little interest and after only a year of study moved to theLondon College of Music.[2]He took a break from studies and travelled to Greece for a sabbatical. Their landlord, Mike Leonard, purchased aFarfisaelectric organ and briefly replaced Wright in the band.[8]However, this organ became Wright's main instrument.[9]

Career

[edit]

1960s–1970s: Pink Floyd

[edit]
Wright in 1971

Through a friend, Wright arranged Pink Floyd's first recording session in aWest Hampsteadstudio, just before Christmas 1964.[10]The guitaristBob Kloseand the guitarist and singerSyd Barrettjoined the band, which becamePink Floyd.[11]Wright's first solo song, "You're the Reason Why", appeared in 1964 on Decca as the B-side of a single by Adam, Mike and Tim.[12]

Pink Floyd stabilised with Barrett, Waters, Mason and Wright by mid-1965, and after frequent gigging that year became regulars on the underground circuit in London.[13]While Barrett was the dominant member, writing and singing most of the songs, Wright had an important supporting role, playing keyboards, singing harmony and contributing arrangements. He also occasionally wrote and sang lead on songs. As the most qualified musician technically, Wright was also responsible for tuning Barrett's guitars and Waters' bass during concerts.[14]Later on, he used aStrobotunerto tune guitars silently during gigs.[15]Before Pink Floyd acquired a full-time road crew, Wright acted as the primaryroadie,unloading the gear and packing it up at each gig.[16]

Wright's Farfisa Compact-Duo organ, used on A Saucerful of Secrets.

Pink Floyd released their debut album,The Piper at the Gates of Dawnin 1967. Though not credited, Wright sang lead on the Barrett-written songs "Astronomy Domine"and"Matilda Mother".[17]Examples of his early compositions include "Remember a Day","See-Saw","Paint Box"and"It Would Be So Nice".[18][19]

Wright was close friends with Barrett, and at one point the pair shared a flat inRichmond,London. After Barrett was forced out of Pink Floyd in 1968 following mental health problems, Wright considered leaving and forming a group with him, but realised it would not have been practical.[20]Wright played on Barrett's second solo album,Barrett(1970), and helped with its production.[21]He recalled working on the album as a way of helping Barrett in any way possible.[22]He guested at a concert bySutherland Brothers& Quiver in 1974 atNewcastle Polytechnic.[21]

Following Barrett's replacement byDavid Gilmour,Wright took over some songwriting, but gradually became less involved.[23]His keyboard playing remained an integral part of the band's live set, particularly on "Interstellar Overdrive","Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun"and"Careful with That Axe, Eugene".[24]He contributed themes for Pink Floyd's film scores forMore,Zabriskie PointandObscured by Clouds.He made significant arranging contributions to longer compositions such as "Atom Heart Mother","Echoes"(on which he sang lead vocals with Gilmour) and"Shine On You Crazy Diamond".On 1973'sThe Dark Side of the Moon,he composed the music for "The Great Gig in the Sky"and"Us and Them".[25]He also contributed to the composition of tracks such as "Time", for which he sang lead, "Breathe", and "Any Colour You Like".[26]

Late 1970s–early 1980s: Conflict and departure from Pink Floyd

[edit]

Wright recorded his first solo album,Wet Dream,in early 1978 in Super Bear Studios, France, which featured the Pink Floyd touring guitaristSnowy Whiteand the formerKing CrimsonsaxophonistMel Collins.[27]Several songs on the album refer to his holiday home inLindos.[28]The album was released in September to minimal commercial success.[29]

Wright's contributions diminished in the late 1970s as Waters began to dominate the writing process.Animals(1977) was the first Pink Floyd album without songwriting credits for Wright.[30]By the time the group recordedThe Wallin 1979, Waters had become frustrated that Wright was not contributing but was claiming an equal share of production royalties. Wright refused to catch up on the recording backlog as his first marriage had deteriorated and he had not seen enough of his children, deciding family was more important.[31]He said later: "Both myself and Dave… had little to offer, through laziness or whatever. Looking back, although I didn't realise it, I was depressed."[32]

Waters considered suing Wright, but decided it would be easier for Wright to leave at the end of the project.[33]Wright spoke with Gilmour, who said he would back him to stay in the band but felt he had contributed little to the album. Wright agreed to leave, but would finish the album and accompanying tour.[34]Waters, Gilmour, producerBob Ezrin,composerMichael Kamenand session playerFred Mandelalso played keyboard parts onThe Wall.[33]Wright generally went into the studio late at night when the other band members were not there.[35]He was not credited for his parts on the first pressings on the album, which was later corrected.[36]

Wright's departure from Pink Floyd was not publicly confirmed until years later.[37]As he was retained as a salariedsession musicianduring theWalltour,most fans were unaware that he was no longer a member. He recalled: "I put everything I could into the performances, and I think Roger approved of that. We would talk civilly to each other. It wasn't too bad at all."[38]Though he remained angry about his treatment by Waters, he said he was not sad to leave Pink Floyd as "the band had lost any feeling of communication and camaraderie by this time... It was a band that I felt was falling to pieces — which of course it did."[38]

Wright was the only member of Pink Floyd to profit from theWalltour, since the net loss had to be borne by the band members.[39]He did not attend the 1982 premiere of the film ofPink Floyd—The Wall.[40]In 1983, Pink Floyd releasedThe Final Cut,the only Pink Floyd album on which Wright does not appear. His absence from the album credits was the first time fans realised he had left.[37]

1983–1995: Zee and return to Pink Floyd

[edit]
Wright in the 80s

During 1983–1984, Wright formed a musical duo,Zee,with Dave Harris of the bandFashion.The pair had been introduced by a mutual friend, the saxophonistRaphael Ravenscroft.[27]They signed a record deal withEMI Recordsand released only one album,Identity,which was a commercial and critical failure.[3][41]Wright later referred to Zee as "an experiment best forgotten".[27]

After Waters' departure in 1985, Wright began to contribute to Pink Floyd again, beginning withA Momentary Lapse of Reason(1987). However, he remained a salaried musician as his contract forbade him from rejoining as a member.[42][43]On the album credits, Wright was listed among the other session musicians and his photo did not appear on the inner sleeve with Gilmour and Mason.[42][44]

By 1994, Wright had officially rejoined Pink Floyd.[45]In 2000 he said: "I am a full member, but contractually I am not on a par with Dave and Nick."[32]For the second Pink Floyd album without Waters,The Division Bell(1994), he co-wrote five songs and sang lead on "Wearing the Inside Out",which he co-wrote withAnthony Moore.Wright was initially unsure about contributing to the album, later saying it "didn't feel like what we'd agreed was fair".[46]TheDivision Bell Tourwas Pink Floyd's last. Wright, like Mason, performed on every Pink Floyd tour.[47]

1996–2005:Broken Chinaand reunion with Waters

[edit]

In 1996, inspired by his successful input intoThe Division Bell,Wright released his second solo album,Broken China,which had been co-written with Moore, who also helped with production and engineering. The album covers the theme ofdepressionand helped Wright come to terms with seeing his wife and friends affected by it.[48]Contributions came from the bassistPino Palladino,the drummerManu Katchéand the guitaristDominic Miller(both known for their work withSting) and the guitaristTim Renwick(another Pink Floyd associate). Gilmour contributed a guitar part for "Breakthrough", which was not used for the final mix.Sinéad O'Connorsang lead vocals on "Reaching for the Rail" and "Breakthrough", with Wright singing the remainder.[48]Wright considered taking the album on tour, but concluded it would not be financially viable.[49]In 2006, he co-wrote theHelen BouldingB-side "Hazel Eyes" withChris Difford.[21]

In 1999, the Pink Floyd touring keyboardistJon Carinjoined Wright's wife to reunite Wright and Waters after 18 years apart. The men met backstage after a performance by Waters.[50]Wright played at several of Gilmour's solo shows in 2002, contributing keyboards and vocals, including his composition "Breakthrough".[21]On 2 July 2005, Wright, Gilmour and Mason were joined by Waters on stage for the first time since theWallconcerts for a short set at theLive 8 concert in London.It was the last time that all four members performed together.[51]Wright underwent surgery forcataractsthat November, preventing him from attending Pink Floyd's induction into theUK Music Hall of Fame.[52]

2005–2008: Work with Gilmour

[edit]

In 2006, Wright became a regular member of Gilmour's touring band, along with the former Pink Floyd sidemenJon Carin,Dick ParryandGuy Pratt.[21]He contributed keyboards and background vocals to Gilmour's 2006 solo albumOn an Island,and performed live in Europe and North America that year.[53]On stage with Gilmour, he played keyboards, including a revival of the Farfisa organ for "Echoes". Wright sang lead on "Arnold Layne",which was released as a live single.[54]He declined an offer to join Waters and Mason on Waters'Dark Side of the Moon Livetour to spend time working on a solo project.[55]That year, Wright joined Gilmour and Mason for a screening of the Pink FloydPulselive concert video. Asked about performing again, Wright replied he would be happy on stage anywhere. He explained that his plan was to "meander" along and play live whenever Gilmour required his services.[56]

Wright performed at the Barrett tribute concert "Madcap's Last Laugh" atthe Barbicanin London on 10 May 2007. It was organised byJoe Boydin memory of Barrett, who had died the previous July. The first half featured a Waters solo performance, while the second half concluded with Wright, alongside Gilmour and Mason, performing "Arnold Layne".[57]By mid-2007, Wright was living alone in Kensington. He enjoyed playing as part of Gilmour's solo band, calling it "the most fun tour I've ever done in my life".[58]

Death

[edit]

Wright died from lung cancer at his home in London on 15 September 2008, aged 65.[41][59]At the time of his death, he had been working on a new solo album, thought to comprise a series of instrumental pieces.[60][61]

The surviving members of Pink Floyd paid tribute to Wright: Waters said it was "hard to overstate the importance of his musical voice in the Pink Floyd of the [']60s and [']70s", and he added that he was happy they had reunited for Live 8.[62]Mason said Wright's contributions were underrated, and that his playing "was the sound that knitted it all together", comparing his "quiet one" status in the band toGeorge Harrisonofthe Beatles.[63]Gilmour called him "my musical partner and my friend",[64]and praised Wright's ability to blend his voice with Gilmour's, such as on "Echoes".[62]Gilmour reiterated that it would be wrong to continue as Pink Floyd without him.[65]In the updated edition of his memoir, Mason wrote that "the distinctive, floating textures and colours [Wright] bought into the mix were absolutely critical to what people recognise as the sound of Pink Floyd... He once summed up his musical philosophy by saying, 'Technique is so secondary to ideas.' Many fine keyboard players could and did emulate and recreate his parts, but nobody else other than Rick had the ability to create them in the first place."[66]

Eight days after Wright's death, Gilmour performed "Remember a Day",a Wright composition from Pink Floyd's second album,A Saucerful of Secrets,on a live broadcast ofLater... with Jools HollandonBBC Twoas a tribute to Wright.[67]Gilmour said that Wright had intended to perform with him that day, but had not been well enough.[68]Gilmour and Nick Mason performed the song together at Wright's memorial service, which was held at Notting Hill Theatre.[69]Jeff Beckperformed an unaccompanied guitar solo.[70]

Gilmour dedicated his song "A Boat Lies Waiting" from his 2015 albumRattle That Lockin Wright's memory. It features a sample of Wright's voice. The lyrics define Gilmour's sadness on his demise and revolves around mortality and Wright's love for the sea.[68]In 2014, Pink Floyd releasedThe Endless River,comprising mostly instrumental music recorded during theDivision Bellsessions along with new music recorded between 2010 and 2014.[65]It contains previously unreleased parts recorded by Wright.[71]Mason described the album as a tribute to Wright.[71]Keyboards recorded by Wright during a jam with Gilmour in 2007 appear on Gilmour's 2024 albumLuck and Strange.[72]

Musical style

[edit]

Wright's main influence was jazz, particularlyMiles DavisandJohn Coltrane.[73]He did not consider himself a typical songwriter, preferring to create whole albums of music with a theme.[74]He said: "If the words came out like the music, and we didn't have anything else to do, then quite a few would be written."[75]A number of compositions credited to Wright came out of improvisation and randomly trying ideas, some of which were picked up enthusiastically by his bandmates. Wright later said, "I just play and don't really think about what I'm doing[;] I just let it happen".[76]Of all the Pink Floyd members, Wright was the most reserved, sitting down behind the keyboards and concentrating on the music.[77]

In the 1970s, Wright listened to some contemporaryprogressive rockbands, and particularly liked earlyPeter Gabriel-frontedGenesis.[22]He later asked some of the musicians in Gabriel's solo touring band to play onBroken China.[48]Wright enjoyed playing the organ, and considered the style he used in Pink Floyd to be unique.[22]He played solos in the early part of Floyd's career, frequently usingEgyptian scales,such as on "Matilda Mother" or "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun".[78][79]His jazz background led to him being interested infree formmusic, with adherence to tempo being less important.[63]Later, he was more interested in complementing each piece with organ, electric piano or synthesiser as a backing instrument, while still featuring occasional solos.[80]

Equipment

[edit]
Richard Wright'sFarfisaCompact Duo organ andBinsonEchorec unit

In the early days of Pink Floyd, Wright dabbled withbrassbefore settling onFarfisaelectric organs as his main instrument onstage. He originally owned a single-manual Combo Compact model, which was used for early recordings of "Interstellar Overdrive",[77]and he later upgraded to a dual-manual Compact Duo. During the 1960s, Wright relied heavily on his Farfisa fed through aBinsonEchorecplatter echo,as heard on theUmmagummalive album.[76]On later tours, the Farfisa was fed through a joystick control allowing the signal to be sent through up to six speakers in an auditorium, which was called the "Azimuth Coordinator".[81]Wright stopped using the Farfisa afterThe Dark Side of the Moon,but revisited it in later years, playing it on Gilmour'sOn An Islandtour. It was recorded for the sessions that eventually becameThe Endless River.[82]

Wright'sHammondM-102 organ, used onPink Floyd: Live at Pompeii.

Wright played the piano andHammond organin the studio from the start of Pink Floyd's recording career; using the Hammond's bass pedals for the closing section of "A Saucerful of Secrets".[83]He used aMellotronin the studio for some tracks, includingUmmagumma's"Sysyphus" and on the "Atom Heart Mother"suite. For a brief period in 1969, Wright playedvibraphoneon several of the band's songs and in some live shows, and reintroduced thetromboneon "Biding My Time".[84]He started using a Hammond organ regularly on stage alongside the Farfisa around 1970[85]and agrand pianobecame part of his usual live concert setup when "Echoes"was added to Pink Floyd's regular set list. All three keyboards are used in the concert filmPink Floyd: Live at Pompeii.[a]

Wright'sProphet-5synthesiser, used in theWalltour

In the 1970s, Wright began using synthesisers such as theVCS 3,ARP String EnsembleandMinimoog,which were featured on "Shine on You Crazy Diamond".Wright wrote the closing part of the track alone, and included a brief extract of the band's early single"See Emily Play"on the Minimoog towards the end.[89]He used a number ofelectric pianosduring the 1970s, including aWurlitzerfed through awah-wah pedalon "Money"[90]and an unaccompaniedRhodesintroduction for "Sheep" onAnimals.[91]

From the 1987Momentary Lapse of Reasontour onwards, Wright and touring keyboardistJon CarinfavouredKurzweildigital synthesisers, including the K2000 keyboard and K2000Srack modulefor reproducing piano and electric piano sounds.[92]Wright retained the Hammond along with aLeslie speaker,playing it onstage and using it during theDivision Bellsessions.[93]

In addition to keyboards, Wright played guitar, flute, cello, trombone, violin, drums, saxophone and bass. Other keyboards that he used in the studio weretack piano,harpsichord,celestaandharmonium,such as on Barrett's solo song "Love Song" and "Chapter 24".[94]

Personal life

[edit]

Wright married his first wife, Juliette Gale, in 1964. She had been a singer in one of the early bands that evolved into Pink Floyd. They had two children and divorced in 1982. Wright's second marriage, to Franka, lasted from 1984 to 1994.[95]Wright married his third wife, Mildred "Millie" Hobbs, in 1995, with whom he had a son, Ben. Wright's 1996 solo albumBroken Chinais about her battle withdepression.[96]They separated in 2007.[60]Wright's daughter Gala was married to the bassistGuy Pratt,who toured and recorded with Pink Floyd after the departure of Waters.[97]

Wright had been fond of theGreek islandssince a sabbatical visit in 1964, before Pink Floyd formed.[98]He moved to Greece in 1984 after the Zee project, briefly retiring from music, and enjoyed sailing and yachting.[48]In the 1970s, he acquired a property inLindos,Rhodes.[58]In his later years, Wright lived inLe Rouret,France, and spent time on a yacht he owned in theVirgin Islands.He found sailing therapeutic, relieving him from the pressures of the music business.[99]He was also a collector ofPersian rugs.[100]

Discography

[edit]

Solo albums

[edit]

Band albums

[edit]

With Pink Floyd

[edit]
See also:Pink Floyd discography

With Zee

[edit]

Session appearances

[edit]

With Syd Barrett

[edit]

With Pink Floyd

[edit]

With David Gilmour

[edit]
See also:David Gilmour discography

References

[edit]

Notes

  1. ^eg: grand piano on "Echoes Part I",[86]Hammond organ on "A Saucerful of Secrets" (closing section),[87]Farfisa on "Echoes Part II"[88]

Citations

  1. ^abPovey 2007,p. 14.
  2. ^abcMason 2004,p. 17.
  3. ^abBirchmeier, Jason."Biography".Allmusic.Retrieved18 August2015.
  4. ^abcdMason 2004,p. 16.
  5. ^Blake 2008,pp. 38–39.
  6. ^Mason 2004,p. 18.
  7. ^Povey 2007,p. 15.
  8. ^Povey 2007,pp. 14, 28.
  9. ^Mason 2004,p. 20.
  10. ^Mason 2004,p. 26.
  11. ^Mason 2004,p. 24.
  12. ^Mason 2004,p. 30.
  13. ^Povey 2007,p. 33.
  14. ^Povey 2007,p. 223.
  15. ^Mason 2004,p. 203.
  16. ^Mason 2004,p. 62.
  17. ^Cavanagh 2003,pp. 45–46.
  18. ^Mason 2004,p. 115.
  19. ^Povey 2007,p. 80.
  20. ^Povey 2007,p. 78.
  21. ^abcdePovey 2007,p. 341.
  22. ^abcBlake 1996,3.
  23. ^Mason 2004,p. 107.
  24. ^Povey 2007,p. 105.
  25. ^Mason 2004,p. 170.
  26. ^Mabbett 2010,p. 133.
  27. ^abcPovey 2007,p. 340.
  28. ^Blake 2008,p. 258.
  29. ^Carruthers 2011,p. 115.
  30. ^Blake 2008,p. 242.
  31. ^Blake 2008,p. 267.
  32. ^abEwing, Jerry (March 2000). "Wish I was there".Classic Rock#12.p. 4.
  33. ^abPovey 2007,p. 222.
  34. ^Blake 2008,p. 268.
  35. ^Blake 2008,pp. 266, 269.
  36. ^Blake 2008,p. 269.
  37. ^abPovey 2007,p. 230.
  38. ^abSimmons, Sylvie (December 1999). "Danger! Demolition in progress".Mojo.
  39. ^Mason 2004,p. 247.
  40. ^Mason 2004,p. 264.
  41. ^abSelva, Meera (15 September 2008)."Pink Floyd member Richard Wright dies age 65".Associated Press.Retrieved15 September2008.
  42. ^abMason 2004,p. 283.
  43. ^Povey 2007,p. 241.
  44. ^Povey 2007,p. 349.
  45. ^Povey 2007,p. 270.
  46. ^Blake 2008,p. 355.
  47. ^Povey 2007,pp. 29, 48, 90, 233, 246, 248, 254, 270.
  48. ^abcdBlake 1996,1.
  49. ^Povey 2007,pp. 340–1.
  50. ^Blake 2008,p. 354.
  51. ^Povey 2007,p. 287.
  52. ^Watkinson 2009,p. 231.
  53. ^Povey 2007,p. 306.
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  56. ^"Pink Floyd's PULSE DVD – official launch".Brain Damage.3 July 2006.Retrieved21 August2015.
  57. ^Palacios 2010,p. 441.
  58. ^abBlake 2008,p. 405.
  59. ^"Floyd founder Wright dies at 65".BBC News Website.BBC. 15 September 2008.Retrieved15 September2008.
  60. ^abLeach, Ben (30 September 2009)."Pink Floyd star leaves nothing in will to his three wives".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved19 August2015.
  61. ^Adam Sweeting(15 September 2008)."Obituary: Richard Wright".The Guardian.Retrieved30 June2014.
  62. ^ab"Richard Wright – band tributes".Brain Damage.15 September 2008.Retrieved21 August2015.
  63. ^abFranich, Darren (18 September 2008)."Pink Floyd's Nick Mason on former bandmate Richard Wright (R.I.P.)".Popwatch.ew.Retrieved19 August2015.
  64. ^Gilmour, David (15 September 2008)."Tribute to Richard Wright".Neptune Pink Floyd.NPF. Archived fromthe originalon 1 May 2017.Retrieved12 March2024.
  65. ^ab"Pink Floyd are 'done', says Dave Gilmour".The Guardian.14 August 2015.Retrieved19 August2015.
  66. ^Mason 2017,p. 351.
  67. ^Guesdon & Margotin 2017,p. 113.
  68. ^abMabbett 2010,p. 61.
  69. ^Mason 2017,p. 351-352.
  70. ^Mason 2017,p. 352.
  71. ^abRoberts, Randall (22 September 2014)."Pink Floyd offers release date, cover art for album 'The Endless River'".Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2014.Retrieved22 September2014.
  72. ^Grow, Kory (24 April 2024)."David Gilmour to release new album,Luck and Strange,this fall ".Rolling Stone.Retrieved24 April2024.
  73. ^Simpson, Aislinn (16 September 2008)."Pink Floyd's Dave Gilmour pays tribute to band's founder Richard Wright".Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved18 August2015.
  74. ^Blake 1996,2.
  75. ^Mason 2004,p. 161.
  76. ^ab"Rick Wright – Interstellar Overdrive".The Independent.19 September 2008.Retrieved17 August2014.
  77. ^abChapman 2012,p. 32.
  78. ^Perroni 2012,p. 101.
  79. ^Mabbett 2010,p. 88.
  80. ^Jenkins 2009,p. 218.
  81. ^"May 12, 1967: Pink Floyd Astounds with 'Sound in the Round'".Wired.12 May 2009.Retrieved17 August2015.
  82. ^"Pink Floyd – The Endless River".The Arts Desk. 8 November 2014.Retrieved17 August2015.
  83. ^Everett 2008,pp. 111, 136.
  84. ^Povey 2007,p. 128.
  85. ^Mason 2004,p. 130.
  86. ^Pink Floyd Live at Pompeii (original concert).Universal. 2003. Event occurs at 6:00. 8201310.
  87. ^Pink Floyd Live at Pompeii (original concert).Universal. 2003. Event occurs at 28:00. 820130.
  88. ^Pink Floyd Live at Pompeii (original concert).Universal. 2003. Event occurs at 57:19. 820130.
  89. ^"Classic Tracks: Pink Floyd" Shine on you Crazy Diamond "".Sound on Sound.December 2014.Retrieved21 August2015.
  90. ^Reiss & McPherson 2014,p. 109.
  91. ^Carruthers 2011,p. 119.
  92. ^"Behind Pink Floyd".Sound on Sound.September 1994. Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2015.Retrieved21 August2015.
  93. ^Touzeau 2009,p. 239.
  94. ^Palacios 2010,pp. 62, 187, 196–199.239, 375.
  95. ^"Richard Wright: Keyboard player with Pink Floyd".The Independent.17 September 2008.Retrieved18 August2015.
  96. ^Doskoch, Peter (1 March 1997)."When Pink Turns to Blue".Psychology Today.Retrieved14 October2017.
  97. ^"At home with Gala Wright".London Evening Standard.Retrieved21 August2015.
  98. ^Povey 2007,pp. 28.
  99. ^Youngs, Ian (15 September 2008)."Entertainment | Obituary: Pink Floyd's Richard Wright".BBC News.Retrieved19 August2015.
  100. ^Amende, Coral (2000).Rock Confidential.Plume. p. 162.ISBN978-0-452-28157-8.
  101. ^"Identity – Zee".AllMusic.Retrieved5 October2015.
  102. ^Barrett(booklet).Syd Barrett.Harvest,EMI.2010. p. 1.{{cite AV media notes}}:CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  103. ^"David Gilmour in Concert".David Gilmour (official website).Retrieved5 October2015.
  104. ^"On an Island – David Gilmour".AllMusic.Retrieved21 August2015.
  105. ^"Remember That Night – David Gilmour".AllMusic.Retrieved5 October2015.
  106. ^"Live in Gdansk – David Gilmour".AllMusic.Retrieved5 October2015.

Sources

[edit]
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