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Robert Bárány

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The native form of thispersonal nameisBárány Róbert.This article usesWestern name orderwhen mentioning individuals.
Robert Bárány
Born(1876-04-22)22 April 1876
Vienna,Austria-Hungary
Died8 April 1936(1936-04-08)(aged 59)
Uppsala,Sweden
NationalityAustro-Hungarian (1876–1919)
Swedish (1919–1936)
Alma materUniversity of Vienna(MD)
AwardsNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(1914)
Scientific career
FieldsMedicine
InstitutionsUppsala University
Doctoral studentsGösta Dohlman,[1][circular reference]

Robert Bárány(Hungarian:Bárány Róbert,pronounced[ˈbaːraːɲˈroːbɛrt];22 April 1876 – 8 April 1936) was an Austro-Hungarianotologist.[2]He received the 1914Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinefor his work on thephysiologyandpathologyof thevestibular apparatus.[3]

Life and career[edit]

Bárány was born inVienna,Austria-Hungary.He was the eldest of six children of Maria (née Hock), the daughter of a scientist, and Ignác Bárány, born 1842 inVárpalota,Kingdom of Hungary,who was a bank official and estate manager.[4]His father was aHungarian Jewwhose father also was named Ignác Bárány (Bárány Ignác).

He attended medical school atVienna University,graduating in 1900. As a doctor in Vienna, Bárány was syringing fluid into the external auditory canal of a patient to relieve the patient's dizzy spells. The patient experiencedvertigoandnystagmus(involuntary eye movement) when Bárány injected fluid that was too cold. In response, Bárány warmed the fluid for the patient and the patient experienced nystagmus in the opposite direction. Bárány theorized that theendolymphwas sinking when it was cool and rising when it was warm, and thus the direction of flow of the endolymph was providing theproprioceptivesignal to the vestibular organ. He followed up on this observation with a series of experiments on what he called the caloric reaction. The research resulting from his observations made surgical treatment of vestibular organ diseases possible. Bárány also investigated other aspects of equilibrium control, including the function of thecerebellum.Benign paroxysmal positional vertigois said to have been first described in medical texts by Bárány.[5]

He served in theAustro-Hungarian ArmyduringWorld War Ias a civilian surgeon and was captured by theImperial Russian Army.When hisNobel Prizewas awarded in 1914, Bárány was in a Russianprisoner of warcamp. Bárány was released from theprisoner of warcamp in 1916 following joint diplomatic efforts from Sweden, Denmark, Norway and The Netherlands and alongsideRed Cross.[6]That work was largely driven by the professor ofotorhinolaryngology,Gunnar Holmgren,[7]with diplomatic contributions byprince Carl.Bárány was then able to attend the Nobel Prize awards ceremony in 1916, where he was awarded his prize. Virtually as soon as he was awarded the Nobel Prize, in January 1917, he, with the automatic qualification for making such proposals that comes with being a Prize Winner, proposed to the Nobel Committee in Physiology or Medicine that Sigmund Freud should be awarded the Prize.[8]Freud was annoyed both by Bárány's winning and nominating. In response to his receiving the prize,Sigmund Freudwrote: "The granting of theNobel Prizeto Bárány, whom I refused to take as a pupil some years ago because he seemed to be too abnormal, has aroused sad thoughts about how helpless an individual is about gaining the respect of the crowd. "[9]"You know it is only the money that would matter to me, and perhaps the spice of annoying some of my compatriots. But it would be ridiculous to expect a sign of recognition when one has seven-eights of the world against one."[10]

From 1917 until his death, Bárány was professor atUppsala University Faculty of Medicine.He died shortly before his sixtieth birthday in Uppsala. He was the father of physician andSwedish Royal Academy of SciencesmemberErnst Bárány(1910–1991) and grandfather of physicistAnders Bárány,former secretary of theNobel Committee for Physics.On 9 March 1909, he married Ida Felicitas Berger, born 12 December 1881.[11]He learned Esperanto some time before 1916.[12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Gösta_Dohlman".sv.wikipedia.org.
  2. ^Robert Bárány.(2009). InEncyclopædia Britannica.
  3. ^Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and cultureVolume 1, p. 394, Richard C. Frucht – 2005 "Hungarian or Hungarian-Born Winners of the Nobel Prize The physicistFülöp Lénárdwas the recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on cathode rays. Róbert Bárány received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine "
  4. ^Visual Education Corporation (1987).Nobel prize winners: an H.W. Wilson biographical dictionary.H.W. Wilson.ISBN978-0-8242-0756-4.
  5. ^Huppert, Doreen; Brandt, Thomas (12 March 2018). "Dizziness and vertigo syndromes viewed with a historical eye".Journal of Neurology.265(S1): 127–133.doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8807-x.PMID29532288.S2CID1303893.
  6. ^Schmiegelow, Ernst,ed. (1947).Spredte Erindringer Fra Et Langt liv.H. HAGERUP. p. 205.
  7. ^N Gunnar Holmgren,Svenskt biografiskt lexikon(article byCarl-Axel Hamberger)
  8. ^Carl-Magnus Stolt (2002) "Why did Freud never receive the Nobel Prize?" in: Elisabeth Crawford (ed.)Historical Studies in the Nobel Archives. The Prizes in Science and Medicine,Uppsala: Universal Academy Press. pp. 95–106
  9. ^Jones, Ernest,ed. (1961). "23: The War Years".The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud.Basic Books.p. 347.
  10. ^Feldman Burton, "The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige". p. 283
  11. ^Robert BaranyenSvenskt biografiskt lexikon(artikolo de Gunnar Holmgren)
  12. ^La Espero, May 1916,p. 1

Sources[edit]

  • Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1901–1921.Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company. 1967.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toRobert Bárány.
  • Robert Bárányon Nobelprize.orgEdit this at Wikidataincluding the Nobel Lecture on September 11, 1916Some New Methods for Functional Testing of the Vestibular Apparatus and the Cerebellum
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