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Robin Hobb

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Robin Hobb
Hobb in 2017
Hobb in 2017
BornMargaret Astrid Lindholm
(1952-03-05)March 5, 1952(age 72)
Berkeley, California,U.S.
Pen nameRobin Hobb, Megan Lindholm
OccupationWriter
EducationUniversity of Denver(no degree)
Period1983–present
GenreFantasy fiction
Notable works
SpouseFred Ogden
Website
robinhobb
meganlindholm

Margaret Astrid Lindholm Ogden(born March 5, 1952;néeLindholm), known by her pen namesRobin HobbandMegan Lindholm,is an American writer ofspeculative fiction.As Hobb, she is best known for herfantasynovels set in theRealm of the Elderlings,which comprise theFarseer,Liveship TradersandTawny Mantrilogies, theRain WildChronicles,and theFitz and the Fooltrilogy.Lindholm's writing includes theurban fantasynovelWizard of the Pigeonsand science fiction short stories, among other works. As of 2018,her fiction has been translated into 22 languages and sold more than 4 million copies.[1]

Born in California, Lindholm grew up inAlaskaand thePacific Northwestand married amarinerat age eighteen. The Alaskan wilderness and the ocean were prominent aspects of her life, influencing her writing. After an early career in short fiction, at age thirty Lindholm publishedher first novelwhile working as a waitress and raising children. The first work to bring her recognition was the 1986 novelWizard of the Pigeons,aliminal fantasyset in Seattle. A forerunner of the urban fantasy genre, it received praise for Lindholm's depiction of understated magic and poverty. Her science fiction novella "A Touch of Lavender" was nominated for theHugoandNebula Awards.While critically well received, Lindholm's work did not sell well and she began writing under the pen name Robin Hobb in 1995.

Hobb achieved commercial success with her debut work under this pseudonym, theFarseertrilogy.Anepic fantasytold as a first-personretrospective,it has been described as a character-driven and introspective work. Hobb went on to write four further series set in theRealm of the Elderlings,which received praise from critics for her characterization, and in 2005The Timesdescribed her as "one of the great modern fantasy writers".[2]Through her writing, Hobb exploresotherness,ecocentrism,queerness,and gender as themes. She concluded theElderlingsseries in 2017 and won theWorld Fantasy Award—Life Achievementin 2021.[3]

Early life[edit]

Margaret Astrid Lindholm was born inBerkeley, California,in 1952;[3]from the age of ten, she grew up inFairbanks, Alaska.[4][5]She recalls growing up in the middle of anoil boomin Alaska, which led to a rapid growth in population of the rural town she lived in. A shortage of classroom space caused some of her high school classes to be held in staircases. Lindholm did not like how the town's urbanization intruded on the nature trails around her house, which she had enjoyed exploring, but said her childhood was overall a happy one and described herself as more of a solitary than social child.[6]Her family raised ahalf wolfcalled Bruno and huntedcaribouand moose; this would later inspire the wolf character Nighteyes and the descriptions of wilderness survival in Lindholm's writing.[2][7]After graduating fromLathrop High School,she studied at theUniversity of Denverfor a year before returning to Alaska.[8]

At eighteen, Lindholm married Fred Ogden, a merchant mariner; they had been dating for a year.[5][8]The couple moved to Hawaii; they lived there for more than a year, but found it too hot to acclimate to and returned to Fred's hometown ofKodiak,located at the tip ofKodiak Islandin south-central Alaska.[6][8]Margaret enjoyed journeying on Fred's ships and said the sea was a prominent aspect of her life, inspiring the maritime focus of herLiveshipbooks.[6]She published her first novel at age thirty, while working as a waitress,[9]and balanced between writing and caring for her four children while her husband worked offshore as a commercial fisherman.[10]The family experienced financial difficulties at the time and said their income "depended entirely on fish and editors".[11]Margaret described her writing process as: "writing fits into odd corners. It's during the naptime, it's sitting by the bath tub writing, it's writing after the children are in bed". She also worked part-time, including in waitressing and mail delivery, early in her career.[10]

Writing career[edit]

Hobb's work has appeared under several pen names: as M. Lindholm and Megan Lindholm from 1979, and as Robin Hobb from 1995.[12]The change from Margaret, her first name, to Megan was due to a misunderstanding with her first editor.[12]Megan Lindholm's writing received critical praise,[13]includingHugoandNebula awardnominations for her short fiction,[14]but did not sell well.[15]In 1995, the author started writing in a new fantasy subgenre and deliberately chose anandrogynouspen name, Robin Hobb, for her new work written as a first-person male narrator.[15][12]Her writing as Hobb was commercially successful, and has appeared on New York Times bestseller lists.[16]She continues to write under both Hobb and Lindholm bylines.[17]

As Megan Lindholm[edit]

Lindholm sold her first short story to a children's magazine, leading to an early career writing for children.[9][3]Her short fiction for children appeared in magazines such asHumpty Dumpty,Jack and Jill,andHighlights for Children.[18]She also composed educational material, short works of fiction created to a very specific vocabulary list, which were used inSRA's programmed reading material.[19]

In the 1970s, Lindholm also began to write short fantasy, publishing short stories in fanzines such asSpace and Time(edited by Gordon Linzner).[5]Her first professional sale as a fantasy writer was the short story "Bones for Dulath", which appeared in the 1979Amazons!anthology, and which introduced her recurring characters Ki and Vandien.[20]The anthology, published byDAW Books,won aWorld Fantasy Awardfor Year's Best Anthology.[21]A second story featuring Ki and Vandien, "The Small One," was published inFantastic Storiesin 1980.[22]

Until 1995, she continued to publish exclusively under the name Megan Lindholm.[3]Her fiction under that name spans several slices of the fantasy genre, from fantasy adventure (the Ki and Vandien tales) to urban fantasy.[23]Her 1986 novelWizard of the Pigeonswas one of the precursors of theurban fantasygenre, and was the first work to bring her wider attention.[24][25]

Hobb at the Trolls & Legends festival inMons,Belgiumin April 2011

Lindholm's first novel,Harpy's Flight,was published by Ace in 1983. It was the first of four novels about the characters Ki and Vandien, the last of which was published in 1989.[26]She contributed short stories to a shared world anthology entitledLiavekfrom 1985 to 1988,[5]and co-wrote a novel,The Gypsy,withSteven Brust.[27]The Gypsywas released both as a traditional paper book and as part of an enhanced multimedia CD which included the text of the novel as well as theBoiled in LeadalbumSongs From the Gypsy,which was considered the soundtrack to the novel[28]and featured songs written by Brust and hisCats LaughingbandmateAdam Stemplewhich had inspired the creation of both the novel and the album.[29][30]

She has continued to publish short stories as Megan Lindholm,[17]including an appearance in the 2013 anthologyYear's Best SF 18.[31]

As Robin Hobb[edit]

Robin Hobb, a pseudonym that Lindholm has used for writing works of epic traditional fantasy, first appeared in 1995.[8]Her writing has mainly focused on theRealm of the Elderlings,a series of 16 books written in five parts. The series comprises four trilogies and one tetralogy – theFarseer,theLiveship Traders,theTawny Man,theRain Wild,and theFitz and the Fool– set in the same world.[3]

Hobb's first work was theFarseertrilogy,narrated in first person by FitzChivalry Farseer, illegitimate son of a prince, and featuring an Enigma tic character called the Fool.[32]The first volume of the trilogy,Assassin's Apprentice,was published in 1995, followed byRoyal Assassinin 1996 andAssassin's Questin 1997. Hobb next wrote a nautical fantasy series, theLiveship Traders,set in a different part of theElderlingsworld and featuring pirates, sea serpents, a family of traders and their living ships. The books of the trilogy,Ship of Magic,The Mad ShipandShip of Destiny,were published between 1998 and 2000.[33]Over the following three years, Hobb returned to the first-person narrative of Fitz in theTawny Mantrilogy, set after the events of theLiveshipnovels and comprisingFool's Errand,The Golden Fool,andFool's Fate.As of 2003, Robin Hobb had sold over one million copies of her first nine novels, which formed three trilogies set in theRealm of the Elderlings.[33][34]

The three books of theSoldier Sontrilogy(Shaman's Crossing,Forest Mage,andRenegade's Magic) are Hobb's only works to be set outside of theElderlingsworld,[35]and were published between 2005 and 2009.[36]In addition,The Inheritance,published in 2011, was a collection of short stories written both as Robin Hobb and as Megan Lindholm.[37]

From 2009 to 2013, Hobb released the four novels of theRain Wild Chronicles(Dragon Keeper,Dragon Haven,City of DragonsandBlood of Dragons). This series is set in the same world, theRealm of the Elderlings,as Hobb's earlier trilogies.[33]In 2014, Hobb resumed the story, decades later in life, of her two most popular characters in theFitz and the Fooltrilogy,[38]with its three volumes,Fool's Assassin,Fool's QuestandAssassin's Fate,published from 2014 to 2017. The last novel,Assassin's Fate,concludes not only her earlier books featuring Fitz, but also theLiveshipandRain Wildbooks.[9][32]

Style and themes[edit]

Genre and style[edit]

Hobb's writing spans thespeculative fictiongenre. Her most famous work, theRealm of the Elderlings,[39]issecondary-world fantasy,with theFarseernovels narrated as first-person retrospective.[40]This has been described as an unusual approach in fantasy, with greater focus on the characters' internal conflicts over the external.[41][40]Her earlier writing as Megan Lindholm comprises short-form science fiction and urban fantasy. Her 1986 novelWizard of the Pigeonshas been cited as a forerunner of the urban fantasy genre,[42][24]with scholarFarah Mendlesohndescribing it asliminal fantasythat pairs "plain descriptions of the fantastic [...] with baroque descriptions of the real".[43]Hobb herself has said that she employs different voices for the two pseudonyms, with Lindholm's voice "a little more snarky, a little more sarcastic, a little less optimistic, less emotional",[9]and more attuned to dark, urban fantasy.[44]

Hobb's novels have sometimes been compared to fellow authorGeorge R. R. Martin,with both their best-known works published during the 1990s.[33]While Martin and Hobb's series are considered more realistic than mostepic fantasy,they differ in how they depict said realism.[45]According to scholar Sylvia Borowska-Szerszun, Martin's work focuses on the brutality and violence of its realism, while Hobb's narrative focuses more on the individual, and is interested in exploring psychological aspects of trauma.[46] CriticAmanda Craigdescribes Hobb's writing as having a Shakespearean flavor, and calls the mood "nothing like as bleak asGeorge R R Martin's, nor asManicheanasTolkien's, but close toUrsula Le Guin's redemptive humanism ".[47]

Literary allusions to the works ofRobert Louis StevensonandR. M. Ballantynehave been identified in Hobb'sLiveship Tradersseries, which academics Ralph Crane and Lisa Fletcher described as an immersive portrayal of a world that is water-centric, aided by unique perspectives such as a serpent's-eye view of the ocean (the serpents view the sea as "the Plenty", while the air above is termed "the Lack" ).[48]The larger map of theRealm of the Elderlingshas been recognized as resembling the U.S. state of Alaska, where Hobb grew up.[49][12]Scholar Geoffrey B. Elliott views the setting of theTawny Mantrilogy as drawing from the geography and indigenous culture of thePacific Northwest,noting the glacier-filled isles and matrilineal culture of Hobb's Out Islands.[50]

Themes[edit]

Further information:Themes in the Farseer trilogy,the Liveship Traders,andthe Tawny Man trilogy

Tolerance forothernessis a theme that runs through the fantasy elements of Hobb'sElderlingsseries. The books feature two kinds of magic: the socially acceptable Skill, practiced by the ruling class, and the despised Wit, relegated with the lower classes.[51]The Wit, the ability to bond with animals, is viewed as an unnatural inclination, as emasculating and shameful, with its practitioners publicly hanged and forced into hiding.[52]Scholars have described it as an allegory forqueernessand homophobia.[53][54]The protagonist Fitz, who is both Skilled and Witted, leads conflicting identities. His bond with his Witted partner, a wolf, is portrayed as central to his life as his human relationships, but is forced to operate in secret due to social prejudice.[55]This personal struggle, as well as the larger struggle for de-ostracization of the Witted, form a key theme of the series.[55]

Hobb explores gender as a theme in theLiveship Traders,which focuses on the lives of three generations of women in a patriarchal society.[56]The women of the series often defy stereotypical expectations of their femininity: Althea, a rebellious sailor who dresses as a man to work on a ship, re-kindles her sensitive side; Keffria, a submissive housewife, discovers her independence; and Ronica, a conservative, traditional matriarch adapts to social change.[57][58]The Fool, an Enigma tic character whose gender identity shifts through the series, appears as a young woman in some sections and as a man in others.[57]Scholars have described this depiction of gender as subversive, and as challenging the notion of a rigid boundary between genders.[57][59]

Ecological themes have also been identified in Hobb's work.[60][61]The resurgence of dragons in theElderlingsseries poses a challenge toanthropocentrism,or the supremacy of man's place in the world, with humans forced to re-adjust in relation to a stronger, more intelligent predator.[62]The Wit, an ill-regarded ability associated with the animal world, is shown through Fitz's perspective as a natural extension of the senses and as an interconnectedness to all living things.[63]Scholar Mariah Larsson view the series asecocentricin nature, questioning the intrinsic value of human over other forms of life.[62]

Other themes in Hobb's writing include critiques of colonialism and examination of culture-specific honor systems in theSoldier Sontrilogy, a series set in a post-colonial secondary world that has drawn resemblance to the nineteenth centuryAmerican frontier.[64][65]

Reception[edit]

Lindholm's work did not sell well, causing her to remain a midlist author for several years.[15][9]Her works as Hobb have been commercially successful: the first three sub-series of theRealm of the Elderlingshad sold more than a million copies by 2003,[34]and at the time of the series' conclusion in 2017, more than 1.25 million copies had been sold in the UK alone.[9]As of 2018,Hobb's fiction has been translated into 22 languages and sold more than 4 million copies in France.[1]Following her success as Hobb, her Lindholm works such asWizard of the PigeonsandAlien Earthwere translated to French,[66]andCloven Hooves,which had been out of print for more than two decades, was reprinted in the US.[67]

Hobb has received recognition for her characterization. In a column forThe Times,criticAmanda Craigcalled Hobb "one of the great modern fantasy writers". She described Hobb's characters as believable people who "age, change, waver and suffer lasting scars", and highlighted the portrayal of Fitz, the protagonist of theFarseertrilogy.[2]TheNew Statesmanremarked on the "striking portraits of three generations of women" in the sequelLiveship Traderstrilogy, and stated that though Hobb's works had a medieval setting, her themes resonated in the modern world.[33]In a review of the first book of theFitz and the Fooltrilogy,The Telegraphsaid of her characters that "their longings and failings are our own, and we find our view of the world indelibly changed by their experiences". Comparing her writing with that of literary novelists,The Telegraphdescribed Hobb's novels as transcending the fantasy genre.[68]TheLos Angeles Review of Booksfound Hobb's characters in the final trilogy interesting even in middle age, writing that traumas experienced in childhood "linger and take on new shapes" as her characters aged. TheLARBdescribed the psychological complexity of Hobb's characters, along with the layered interactions between them, as central to the appeal of her writing.[41]In a similar view,Library Journaldescribed theElderlingsseries as "masterworks of character-based epic fantasy".[69]

Some of Hobb's works have received less positive a reception:The Guardiancriticized theSoldier Sonbooks as lacking the "heart and page-turning spark" of her Fitz novels, and viewed theRain Wildnovels as "flimsy in comparison".[70]Scholar Lenise Prater positively viewed how Hobb'sElderlingsnovels blurred gender boundaries; she however critiqued Hobb's emphasis on "monogamous, romantic love", viewing it as heteronormative and as a conservative representation of queer relationships.[71]A different view was offered by scholar Peter Melville, who described the finalElderlingstrilogy as "confirm[ing] the series' place within the larger history of queerness in the fantasy genre".[72]

As Megan Lindholm, she has received praise for the depiction of understated magic, poverty and mental illness in the novelWizard of the Pigeons[73][42]and other themes such as aging in her short fiction.[74]Other aspects of Hobb's writing that have drawn commentary include her prose, described byThe Timesas having "a sinewy simplicity close to that of myths and fairytales",[2]her portrayal of gender, in particular the gender-fluid character known as the Fool,[59]and her depiction of psychological aspects of trauma, including that arising from violence and rape.[75][33] Fellow authors of speculative fiction have praised Hobb's work.Orson Scott Cardstated that she "arguably set the standard for the modern serious fantasy novel", and cited theLiveship Tradersas his favorite work of Hobb's.[76]George R.R. Martinhas praised her work, writing that her books are like "diamonds in a sea of zircons".[33]In 2014, Hobb was a Guest of Honor at the72nd World Science Fiction Conventionin London.[77]

Awards[edit]

In 1981, Megan Lindholm was awarded an Alaska State Council of the Arts prize for her short story "The Poaching".[78]As Megan Lindholm, her short fiction works have been finalists for both the Nebula and the Hugo awards, and winner of the Asimov's Readers Award.[14]In 2021, Lindholm won theWorld Fantasy AwardforLife Achievement,presented to individuals who have demonstrated outstanding service to the fantasy field.[79]

Awards and nominations
Award Category Year Work Result Ref.
British Fantasy Award Novel 1997 Assassin's Apprentice Nominated [80]
David Gemmell Award Novel 2018 Assassin's Fate Won [80]
Endeavour Award Novel 1999 Ship of Magic Nominated [80]
2000 The Mad Ship Nominated [80]
2007 Forest Mage Won [80]
Geffen Award Fantasy Novel 2016 Fool's Assassin Won [80]
2018 Fool's Quest Won [80]
Hugo Award Novella 1990 "A Touch of Lavender" Nominated [14]
Inkpot Award 2017 Robin Hobb Won [81]
Locus Award Fantasy Novel 1997 Royal Assassin Nominated [80]
1998 Assassin's Quest Nominated [80]
Nebula Award Novella 1990 "A Touch of Lavender" Nominated [14]
Novelette 1990 "Silver Lady and the Fortyish Man" Nominated [14]
Short Story 2003 "Cut" Nominated [14]
Prix Imaginales[a] Novel 2004 Wizard of the Pigeons Won [83]
Foreign Novel 2007 Shaman's Crossing Won [83]
Short Story 2006 "Homecoming" Won [83]
World Fantasy Award Life Achievement 2017 Megan Lindholm Won [79]

Personal life[edit]

She currently publishes under both her pen names, and lives on a small farm outside ofRoy, Washington.[33][84]

Robin still frequently drives to theUniversity Book Storein Seattle to autograph books for fans.[85]She contracted COVID-19 in February 2023.[86]

Bibliography[edit]

Main article:Robin Hobb bibliography

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Hobb received thePrix Imaginales[fr],an award for fantasy published in France,[82]for the French editions ofWizard of the Pigeons(Le Dernier magicien),Shaman's Crossing(La Déchirure et le cavalier rêveur) and "Homecoming" ( "Retour au pays").[83]

References[edit]

  1. ^ab Thévenet, Elisa (May 28, 2018)."Robin Hobb: 'Désormais, Vous Pouvez Lire un Bouquin de Fantasy dans le Bus'"[Robin Hobb: 'Now You Can Read a Fantasy Book on the Bus'].Le Monde(in French).
  2. ^abcd Craig, Amanda(September 17, 2005)."Hits and near myths".The Times.
  3. ^abcde Clute, John(July 22, 2021)."Hobb, Robin".In Clute, John; et al. (eds.).The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction(3rd ed.). Gollancz.Archivedfrom the original on July 23, 2021.
  4. ^ Pavlenko, Marie (June 11, 2015)."Robin Hobb: 'La Fantasy, Terre Vierge'"[Robin Hobb: 'Fantasy, Virgin Earth'].Le Monde(in French).ProQuest2672836624.
  5. ^abcd Hobb, Robin (2004). Vainikainen, Jussi (ed.)."5000 Words About Myself".Alienisti.No. 1/2004. Jyväskylän Science Fiction Society. ISSN1236-0449.Archived fromthe originalon July 24, 2005 – via robinhobb.Issue:Fool's Errand of #42.
  6. ^abc Gay, Anne;Nicholls, Stan(November 2000). "On the Seas of Fantasy".Starlog.No. 280. pp. 86–88.
  7. ^ Swart, Genevieve (September 25, 2005). "The Science of Writing Magic".The Sun-Herald.p. 83.GaleA284836537.
  8. ^abcd Cardy, Tom (June 24, 2014)."The mother of dragons".The Dominion Post.Archivedfrom the original on July 23, 2021 – viaStuff.
  9. ^abcdef Flood, Alison (July 28, 2017)."Robin Hobb: 'Fantasy has become something you don't have to be embarrassed about'".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on May 20, 2021.
  10. ^ab Wright, Jonathan (September 2014). "The SFX Writer Interview: Robin Hobb".SFX Magazine.No. 251. p. 82.OCLC813632043.
  11. ^ Clark, Blanche (April 23, 2011). "The Many Flights of Fantasy".Herald Sun.p. 12.GaleA254547396.
  12. ^abcd Adams, John Joseph;Kirtley, David Barr(April 2012)."Interview: Robin Hobb".Lightspeed Magazine.Vol. 23.
  13. ^Blaschke (2005),p. 55.
  14. ^abcdef "Megan Lindholm Awards".Science Fiction Awards Database.Locus Science Fiction Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on October 30, 2020.RetrievedJuly 22,2021.
  15. ^abcBlaschke (2005),p. 58.
  16. ^ "Hardcover Fiction Books – Best Sellers".The New York Times.August 31, 2014.
  17. ^abBlaschke (2005),p. 59.
  18. ^ "About the Author".Robin Hobb(official website). Archived fromthe originalon July 3, 2015.
  19. ^"Author: Robin Hobb".Audible.RetrievedJuly 22,2021.
  20. ^Storm (1996),p. 1053.
  21. ^ "World Fantasy Awards 1980".Science Fiction Awards Database.Locus Science Fiction Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on May 2, 2020.RetrievedJuly 24,2021.
  22. ^ "Shorts".Megan Lindholm(official website). Archived fromthe originalon January 31, 2016.
  23. ^Storm (1996),p. 1054.
  24. ^ab Walton, Jo(July 6, 2010)."Homeless and Magical: Megan Lindholm's Wizard of the Pigeons".Tor.Macmillan.Archivedfrom the original on August 3, 2020.
  25. ^ Pringle, David(1997)."Lindholm, Megan".InClute, John;Grant, John(eds.).The Encyclopedia of Fantasy.Archivedfrom the original on March 8, 2017.
  26. ^Storm (1996),pp. 1052, 1054.
  27. ^D'Ammassa (2006),pp. 162–163.
  28. ^Vess, Charles(March 7, 2006).The Book of Ballads.Tom Doherty Associates. pp. 183–190.ISBN978-0-7653-1215-0.
  29. ^Olson, Chris (February 3, 2003)."Interview: Steven Brust".Strange Horizons.Archived fromthe originalon January 3, 2010.
  30. ^Covert, Colin (July 10, 1995). "Is It a Book? Is It Computer Software? Is It a Music CD? Yes".Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune.
  31. ^Lindholm, Megan (2013)."Old Paint".In Hartwell, David G. (ed.).Year's Best SF 18.Macmillan. pp. 15–33.ISBN9781466838185.
  32. ^ab Zutter, Natalie (October 24, 2019).""I Have Been Incredibly Privileged to Write the Full Arc of Fitz's Story": Robin Hobb on 25 Years of Assassin's Apprentice ".Tor.Macmillan.Archivedfrom the original on January 23, 2021.
  33. ^abcdefgh Bock, Pauline (July 27, 2018)."Robin Hobb on changing cultures, writing about violence, and the anonymity of living on a farm".New Statesman.Archivedfrom the original on November 11, 2020.
  34. ^ab O'Neill, John (April 23, 2017)."Robin Hobb Wraps Up the Fitz and the Fool Trilogy with Assassin's Fate".Black Gate.
  35. ^Larsson (2021),p. 125.
  36. ^Young (2014),pp. 33–34.
  37. ^ "The Inheritance & Other Stories".Kirkus Reviews.April 18, 2011.
  38. ^"Brand new series from Robin Hobb".Harper Voyager.October 27, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on December 23, 2017.
  39. ^Larsson (2021),p. 126.
  40. ^abElliott (2006).
  41. ^ab Teitelbaum, Ilana (September 8, 2014)."Bright Home, Dark Heart".Los Angeles Review of Books.
  42. ^abRennison & Andrews (2009),p. 96.
  43. ^Mendlesohn (2013),p. 348.
  44. ^ Bone, Alison (August 5, 2005). "New world ordered: fantasy writer Robin Hobb, in the UK for WorldCon, talks to Alison Bone".The Bookseller.No. 5190. p. 17.GaleA135513736.
  45. ^Borowska-Szerszun (2019),p. 1.
  46. ^Borowska-Szerszun (2019),p. 17.
  47. ^ Craig, Amanda(August 14, 2015)."Fool's Quest, by Robin Hobb - book review: More swords and sorcery from a Dame of Thrones".The Independent.
  48. ^Crane & Fletcher (2017),p. 168-169.
  49. ^Elliott (2015),p. 188.
  50. ^Elliott (2015),p. 188-190.
  51. ^Prater (2016),p. 23.
  52. ^Melville (2018),pp. 285–286.
  53. ^Melville (2018),p. 283.
  54. ^Larsson (2021),p. 127.
  55. ^abMelville (2018),pp. 288–290.
  56. ^Borowska-Szerszun (2019),p. 11.
  57. ^abcBorowska-Szerszun (2019),p. 12.
  58. ^ Dray, Stephanie (November 5, 2001)."Revolutionary Nautical Fantasy: Robin Hobb's Liveship Traders Series".Strange Horizons.
  59. ^abPrater (2016),p. 29.
  60. ^Larsson (2021),p. 124.
  61. ^Crane & Fletcher (2017),p. 169.
  62. ^abLarsson (2021),pp. 136–138.
  63. ^Larsson (2021),pp. 130–131.
  64. ^Young (2014),p. 35.
  65. ^Carroll (2007),p. 311.
  66. ^ Baudou, Jacques (October 26, 2006)."Les Univers de Robin Hobb"[The Universes of Robin Hobb].Le Monde(in French). p. 10.ProQuest2514979685.
  67. ^ O'Neill, John (January 22, 2020)."Vintage Treasures: Cloven Hooves by Megan Lindholm".Black Gate.
  68. ^ Shilling, Jane (August 23, 2014)."Fool's Assassin by Robin Hobb, review: 'high art'".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022.
  69. ^ Hollands, Neil (April 1, 2010). "Fiction's Fools: Wise and Witty Reads".Library Journal.Vol. 135, no. 6.GaleA223749292.ProQuest196819155.
  70. ^ Flood, Alison (September 10, 2014)."Fool's Assassin by Robin Hobb – a melancholic hero fights again".The Guardian.
  71. ^Prater (2016),p. 32.
  72. ^Melville (2018),p. 300.
  73. ^Mendlesohn (2013),p. 350.
  74. ^ Teitelbaum, Ilana (February 13, 2014)."A Spectrum of Heroines".Los Angeles Review of Books.
  75. ^Borowska-Szerszun (2019),p. 16.
  76. ^"Beach-Bag Books".The National Review.July 8, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on February 25, 2021.
  77. ^ Clute, John;et al., eds. (September 2, 2012)."The 2014 London Worldcon".The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction(3rd ed.). Gollancz.Archivedfrom the original on April 20, 2019.
  78. ^Smith, Cindy, ed. (1981).Finding the Boundaries: Poems and Short Stories.Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska State Council on the Arts.ASINB002FD4SBW.OCLC8417173.
  79. ^ab "2021 World Fantasy Awards Finalists".Locus Magazine.July 21, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on July 22, 2021.
  80. ^abcdefghi "Robin Hobb Awards".Science Fiction Awards Database.Locus Science Fiction Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on July 24, 2021.RetrievedAugust 16,2021.
  81. ^"Inkpot Award".Comic-Con International.December 6, 2012.RetrievedFebruary 28,2023.
  82. ^ "2020 Prix Imaginales Winners".Locus Magazine.May 18, 2020.
  83. ^abcd "Prix Imaginales - Les Imaginales".Imaginales.Festival Les Imaginales, Épinal.RetrievedAugust 16,2021.
  84. ^"Biography".Robin Hobb(official website). Archived fromthe originalon April 13, 2021.
  85. ^"Books > Collections > Robin Hobb".ubookstore.RetrievedApril 15,2023.
  86. ^"ROBIN HOBB - Robin Hobb's Infrequent and Off Topic Blog".robinhobb.RetrievedApril 15,2023.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

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