Russell Maughan

Russell Lowell Maughan
Russell Lowell Maughan
Born	March 28, 1893; Logan, Utah,U.S.
Died	April 21, 1958(aged 65); San Antonio, Texas,U.S.
Place of burial `	Logan, Utah,U.S.
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	Aviation Section, Signal Corps; Air Service, United States Army; United States Army Air Corps; United States Army Air Forces
Years of service	1917–1946
Rank	Colonel
Awards	Distinguished Service Cross

Russell Lowell Maughan(March 28, 1893 – April 21, 1958) was an officer in theUnited States Armyand a pioneer aviator. His career began duringWorld War I,and spanned the period in which military aviation developed from a minor arm of theArmy Signal Corpsto the hugeArmy Air Forceson the verge of becoming a separate service.

Maughan became apursuit pilotand served in combat in France in 1918 with theUnited States Army Air Service.Following the war, he remained in the Air Service and became atest pilot.In 1924 Maughan completed the first flight across the continental United States within the hours of daylight of a single calendar day.

Biography

Maughan was born March 28, 1893, inLogan, Utah,to Peter W. and Mary (née Naef) Maughan. He graduated fromUtah State Agricultural Collegein June 1917.

The United States had enteredWorld War Iand Maughan enlisted as an Army aviation cadet. Commissioned afirst lieutenantin the Signal Officer Reserve Corps after flight training andrated a Reserve Military Aviator,he served inFrancewith the139th Aero Squadron,where he flew aSpad XIII.Maughan was credited with four aerial victories and awarded theDistinguished Service Crosson October 27, 1918, the citation for which is given below.

He remained in the Air Service following the end of the war and was assigned to its Engineering Division atMcCook Field,Dayton, Ohio,as atest pilot.Besides testing new designs, his responsibilities including public demonstrations of military aircraft and participation in air races. The Engineering Division had drawn the interest of Brig. Gen.Billy Mitchell,Assistant Chief of the Air Service, who saw in it the opportunity for promoting the concept of an Air Force independent of the Army. On July 1, 1920, when the Air Service became acombat armof the Army, Maughan received a Regular commission as a 1st lieutenant, Air Service. He transferred toCrissy Fieldat thePresidio of San Franciscoin 1921 and joined the91st Observation Squadron,then engaged in aerialforest firepatrol.

In 1922 theNational Air Raceswere held atSelfridge Field,Michigan,where the Air Service entered the Pulitzer Trophy Race with ten aircraft it had solicited from various manufacturers for use as possible pursuit planes, withspecificationthat they be capable of reaching a speed of 190 mph (310 km/h) or greater. Flying aCurtiss R-6racer, a precursor of thePW-8design, Maughan won the Pulitzer race with an average speed of 205.86 mph (331.30 km/h), on October 14, 1922.^[1]On October 16, flying the 1-kilometer course, he averaged 229 mph (369 km/h) for eight circuits, 232.22 mph (373.72 km/h) for four, and reached 248.5 mph (399.9 km/h) on one. This established a new international record, but it was not observed byFédération Aéronautique Internationale(FAI) officials and was not officially recognized.

The following year Maughan officially set a new international speed record of 236.5 mph (380.6 km/h). He also made two attempts in July to fly coast-to-coast in a single day, using the new Curtiss PW-8, but mechanical problems thwarted both flights. On June 23, 1924, his third attempt succeeded, the firstDawn-to-dusk transcontinental flight across the United States.The flight was made in six legs, with an actual flying time of 18 hours and 20 minutes, at an average ground speed of more than 156 mph. In 1928 he was awarded theDistinguished Flying Crossfor the flight.

Maughan served in the Philippines from 1930 to 1935, with duty as Secretary of Aviation and Consultant to the Philippine Cabinet from 1930 to 1932. In 1939 he surveyed and selected airfields inGreenlandandIcelandfor aircraft ferry routes toBritain.

Maughan, promoted tolieutenant colonel,commanded the 60th Transport Group,Pope Field,North Carolina,from July 28, 1941, to April 15, 1942. Promoted again tocolonel,he was advanced to command of the 51st Troop Carrier Wing from June 1, 1942, to October 20, 1942, which included its deployment to England.

Colonel Maughan retired in 1946, and died April 21, 1958, atSan Antonio, Texas,during surgery. He is buried in the Logan City Cemetery near the Utah State University campus in Logan, Utah. He is a member of the Utah Aviation Hall of Fame and is honored with a plaque in the Hill Aerospace Museum,Hill Air Force Base,Utah.A plaque commemorating the first "Dawn-to-dusk transcontinental flight across the United States was erected on the Utah State University campus in Logan, Utah, on Veteran's Day, 2006.

Awards

Citation for Distinguished Service Cross

MAUGHAN, RUSSELL L.

First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army

Pilot, 139th Aero Squadron, Air Service, A.E.F.

Date of Action: October 27, 1918

Citation:

The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Russell L. Maughan, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action nearSommerance,France,October 27, 1918. Accompanied by two other planes, Lieutenant Maughan was patrolling our lines, when he saw slightly below him an enemy plane (Fokkertype). When he started an attack upon it he was attacked from behind by four more of the enemy. By several well-directed shots he sent one of his opponents to the earth, and, although the forces of the enemy were again increased by seven planes, he so skillfully maneuvered that he was able to escape toward his lines. While returning he attacked and brought down an enemy plane which was diving on our trenches.

General Orders No. 46, W.D., 1919

Birth: Logan, UT

Home Town: Logan, UT

Citation for Distinguished Flying Cross

Rank: First Lieutenant

General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 4 (1928)

Citation:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to First Lieutenant (Air Service) Russell L. Maughan, U.S. Army Air Corps, for extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight. Lieutenant Maughan departed from Mitchel Field, Long Island, New York, at 2:58 a.m. Eastern standard time, on 23 June 1924, in a modified service type pursuit airplane on the dawn-to-dusk flight, and landed at Crissy Field, San Francisco, California, at 9:47 p.m. Pacific time, the same date. He flew over 2,540 miles in 21 hours and 48 and a half minutes, thereby making the fastest time ever made by man between New York and San Francisco.

References

^Berliner, Don (2010).Airplane Racing.McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 60.ISBN 9780786443000.

Shiner, John F. (1997), "From Air Service to Air Corps: The Billy Mitchell Era", in Nalty, Bernard C. (ed.),Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force,vol. I, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force,ISBN 0-16-049009-X.Chapter 3.
Maurer Maurer, James Gilbert (1980) [1961],Air Force Combat Units of World War II,Flight: Its First Seventy-Five Years, Arno Press Inc.,ISBN 0-405-12194-6.Originally published by USAF Historical Division.
Hill AFB biography article
General Aviation News articles--some inaccuracies

External links

[Berliner-1] Berliner, Don (2010).Airplane Racing.McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 60.ISBN 9780786443000.

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