Rybinsk
Rybinsk
Рыбинск | |
|---|---|
 Transfiguration Cathedral in Rybinsk | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Rybinsk  | |
  Rybinsk Location of Rybinsk  Rybinsk Rybinsk (Yaroslavl Oblast) | |
| Coordinates:58°03′N38°50′E/ 58.050°N 38.833°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Yaroslavl Oblast[1] |
| First mentioned | 1071 |
| City status since | 1777 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dmitry Rudakov |
| Elevation | 100 m (300 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 200,771 |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 188,678 (−6%) |
| • Rank | 93rdin 2010 |
| •Subordinated to | city of oblast significanceof Rybinsk[1] |
| •Capitalof | Rybinsky District,[1]city of oblast significance of Rybinsk[1] |
| •Urban okrug | Rybinsk Urban Okrug[4] |
| •Capitalof | Rybinsk Urban Okrug,[4]Rybinsky Municipal District |
| Time zone | UTC+3(MSK [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 152900—152939 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4855 |
| OKTMOID | 78715000001 |
| Website | www |
Rybinsk(Russian:Рыбинск,IPA:[ˈrɨbʲɪnsk]) is the second-largestcityofYaroslavl OblastinRussia.It lies at theconfluenceof theVolgaandSheksnarivers, 267 kilometres (166 mi) north-north-east ofMoscow.Population:200,771 (2010 Russian census);[2]222,653 (2002 Census);[7]251,442 (1989 Soviet census).[8]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 25,000 | — |
| 1926 | 60,000 | +140.0% |
| 1939 | 144,000 | +140.0% |
| 1959 | 181,685 | +26.2% |
| 1970 | 218,282 | +20.1% |
| 1979 | 238,579 | +9.3% |
| 1989 | 251,442 | +5.4% |
| 2002 | 222,653 | −11.4% |
| 2010 | 200,771 | −9.8% |
| 2021 | 177,295 | −11.7% |
| Source: Census data | ||
It was previously known asUst-Sheksna(until 1504),Rybnaya Sloboda(until 1777),Shcherbakov(1946–1957), andAndropov(1984–1989).
History
[edit] |
Early history
[edit]
Rybinsk is one of the oldest Slavic settlements on the Volga River. The place was first recorded by chroniclers in 1071 asUst-Sheksna,i.e. "the mouth of the Sheksna".[citation needed]During this period the settlement was a regional center for craft and metal based produce and for trade. In the mid-13th century, Ust-Sheksna was laid waste byinvading Mongols.For the next few centuries, the settlement was referred to alternatively as Ust-Sheksna or Rybansk. From 1504, it was identified in documents asRybnaya Sloboda(literally: "the fishing village" ). The name is explained by the fact that the settlement supplied the Muscovite court with choicesturgeonsandsterlets.In the 17th century, when theslobodawas capitalizing on the trade of theMuscovy Companywith Western Europe, it was rich enough to build several stone churches, of which only one survives to the present. More old architecture may be found in the neighborhood, including the last of Muscovite three-tented churches(in the Alexandrov Hermitage) and theUshakovfamily shrine (on Epiphany Island).
Golden age
[edit]In the 18th century, theslobodacontinued to thrive on the Volga trade.Catherine the Greatgranted Rybnaya Sloboda municipal rights and renamed it Rybinsk. It was a place where the cargo was reloaded from large Volga vessels to smaller boats capable of navigating in the shallowMariinsk Canal system,which connects the Russian hinterland with theBaltic Sea.With the population of 7,000, the town daily accommodated up to 170,000 sailors and up to 2,000 river vessels. Consequently, the local river port became known as the "capital of barge-haulers".
The town's most conspicuous landmark, theNeoclassicalSavior-Transfiguration Cathedral, was constructed on the Volga riverside from 1838 until 1851. It was built to a design that the Dean of theImperial Academy of Arts,Avraam Melnikov,had prepared forSaint Isaac's CathedralinSt. Petersburg.After Melnikov lost the contest for the best project of St. Isaac's Cathedral toAuguste de Montferrand,he sold his grandiose design to the municipal authorities of Rybinsk.
As a trade capital of theUpper Volga,Rybinsk formerly attracted scores of foreigners, who built a Lutheran church and an imposingRoman Catholiccathedral, said to be the tallest on the Volga. There is also theNobel Family Museum,documenting the operations of that prominent Swedish family during theRussian Empire.
20th-century American film mogulsNicholas SchenckandJoseph Schenckwere born in the town, and there is a grand 18th-century mansion of the Mikhalkov family, whose living members includeSergey Mikhalkov,Nikita Mikhalkov,andAndron Konchalovsky.
20th century
[edit]In the Soviet years, Rybinsk continued its impressive renaming record, for it changed its name four times: toShcherbakov(afterAleksandr Shcherbakov) in 1946, back to Rybinsk in 1957, toAndropov(afterYuri Andropov) in 1984, and back to Rybinsk in 1989.
Administrative and municipal status
[edit]Within theframework of administrative divisions,Rybinsk serves as theadministrative centerofRybinsky District,even though it is not a part of it.[1]As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as thecity of oblast significanceof Rybinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,the city of oblast significance of Rybinsk is incorporated asRybinsk Urban Okrug.[4]
Economy
[edit]The most important industries of modern Rybinsk areNPO Saturn(two plants) AL Turborus aircraft engines, power and naval gas turbines manufacturing, RGT small plant 30 - 100 MW range gas turbines, electronics radiotronics (NPO Luch), Kalashnikov Pella Rybinsk shipyard Euroyachting, Vympel Shipyard, and a hydroelectric power station. As the experts warn,[who?]the giant Rybinsk dam which holds theRybinsk Reservoir(formerly touted as the largest man-made body of water on Earth) places the town in the imminent danger of the dam breaking and the reservoir flooding the city.[citation needed]The city is served by theStaroselye Airport.
Geography
[edit]Climate
[edit]Rybinsk has a four-seasonhumid continental climate[9]with significant differences between winters and summers, although the cold winters are still significantly less severe than those found on similar parallels further east in Russia. Spring comes in the second half of March and lasts about 2 months. The weather in spring is usually dry and partly cloudy and the temperature rises quickly. Summer begins in the second half of May, but short-term returns of cold weather are possible. Summer is moderately warm and humid, lasting about three and a half months. The warmest month is July, when the weather is often hot with daytime temperatures up to +30 degrees. Autumn begins in early September, but the temperature decreases slowly, so the weather is relatively warm and sunny until the middle of the month. Later the weather becomes cloudy and it rains often. November can be either the last month of autumn, with cloudy weather and frequent rains, or the first month of winter, with frosts and stable snow cover. The yearly mean is around 5 °C (41 °F).[10]
| Climate data for Rybinsk (1991-2020, extremes 1922–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.3 (95.5) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
29.4 (84.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
14.7 (58.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
37.2 (99.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.4 (22.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
1.4 (34.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.1 (12.0) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
0.4 (32.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −40.1 (−40.2) |
−38.9 (−38.0) |
−34.6 (−30.3) |
−21.9 (−7.4) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
−42.6 (−44.7) |
−42.6 (−44.7) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 48 (1.9) |
39 (1.5) |
35 (1.4) |
33 (1.3) |
53 (2.1) |
74 (2.9) |
80 (3.1) |
80 (3.1) |
63 (2.5) |
64 (2.5) |
53 (2.1) |
51 (2.0) |
673 (26.4) |
| Average rainy days | 6 | 5 | 7 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 150 |
| Average snowy days | 27 | 23 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 19 | 24 | 125 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 84 | 81 | 77 | 70 | 68 | 72 | 74 | 78 | 82 | 83 | 86 | 85 | 78 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
Paleontology
[edit]Near Rybinsk,fossilsof EarlyTriassictemnospondylswere discovered. Remains ofThoosuchusandBenthosuchushave been found in the LowerOlenekiandeposits.[12]
International relations
[edit]Rybinsk istwinnedwith:
Kingsport, Tennessee,United States (1989)- Johnson City, Tennessee,United States (1989)
- Bristol, Tennessee,United States (1989)
Notable people
[edit]- Aleksey Ovchinin,cosmonaut
- Genrikh Yagoda,NKVDleader
- Joseph M. Schenck
- Nicholas Schenck
- Nikita Lastochkin,racing driver
- Boris Grigoriev,artist
References
[edit]- ^abcdefgLaw #12-z
- ^abRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года".Federal State Statistics Service.RetrievedJanuary 23,2019.
- ^abcLaw #65-z
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
- ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
- ^"Rybinsk, Russia Climate Summary".Weatherbase.RetrievedJanuary 24,2015.
- ^"Rybinsk Temperature Averages".Weatherbase.RetrievedJanuary 24,2015.
- ^"Weather and Climate - Climate of Rybinsk"(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат).RetrievedNovember 8,2021.
- ^Novikov A.V. (2018).Early Triassic amphibians of Eastern Europe: evolution of dominant groups and peculiarities of changing communities(PDF)(in Russian). Moscow: RAS. pp. 10, 316.ISBN978-5-906906-71-7."Archive copy"(PDF).August 12, 2023. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on December 8, 2023.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Sources
[edit]- Государственная Дума Ярославской области. Закон №12-з от 7 февраля 2002 г «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ярославской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №67-з от 21 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Ярославской области и признании утратившими силу отдельных законодательных актов (положений законодательных актов) Ярославской области». Вступил в силу через шесть месяцев со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Губернские вести", №11, 15 февраля 2002 г.(State Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast. Law #12-z of February 7, 2002On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Yaroslavl Oblast and on the Procedures of Its Change,as amended by the Law #67-z of December 21, 2012On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Yaroslavl Oblast and on Abrogation of Various Legislative Acts (Clauses of Legislative Acts) of Yaroslavl Oblast.Effective as of the day six months from the day of the official publication.).
- Государственная Дума Ярославской области. Закон №65-з от 21 декабря 2004 г. «О наименованиях, границах и статусе муниципальных образований Ярославской области», в ред. Закона №59-з от 28 декабря 2011 г «Об изменении статуса рабочего посёлка Песочное Рыбинского района и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Ярославской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Губернские вести", №70, 23 декабря 2004 г.(State Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast. Law #65-z of December 21, 2004On the Names, Borders, and Status of the Municipal Formations of Yaroslavl Oblast,as amended by the Law #59-z of December 28, 2011On Changing the Status of the Work Settlement of Pesochnoye of Rybinsky District and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Yaroslavl Oblast.Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).
External links
[edit]- Official website of Rybinsk(in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Rybinsk(in Russian)
- Rybinsk Museum(in Russian)
- Life of Rybinsk in photos(in English)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |