Sa Huỳnh culture
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| Iron Age |
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TheSa Huỳnh culture[a]was a culture in what is now central and southernVietnamthat flourished between 1000 BC and 200 AD.[1][2]Archaeological sites from the culture have been discovered from theMekong DeltatoQuảng Bình provinceincentral Vietnam.The Sa Huynh people were most likely the predecessors of theCham people,anAustronesian-speaking peopleand the founders of the kingdom ofChampa.[3]: 211–217
Description[edit]
The site at Sa Huỳnh was discovered in 1909. Sa Huỳnh sites were rich in locally worked iron artefacts, typified by axes, swords, spearheads, knives andsickles.In contrast,bronzeartifacts were dominant in theĐông Sơn culturesites found in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia.
The Sa Huỳnh culturecrematedadults and buried them in jars covered with lids, a practice unique to the culture. Ritually broken offerings usually accompanied the jar burials. The culture is also typified by its unique earornamentsfeaturingtwo-headed animals,believed by some to depictsaola.[4]The ornaments were commonly made fromjade(nephrite), but also made fromglass.Beadornaments were also commonly found in Sa Huynh burials, most commonly made from glass.
Trade network[edit]
The Sa Huỳnh culture showed evidence of an extensive trade network that existed between 500 BC to AD 1500, known as the Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere (named after the Sa Huỳnh culture and theKalanay CaveofMasbate,Philippines). It was mainly between Sa Huỳnh and the Philippines, but also extended into archaeological sites inTaiwan,Southern Thailand,and northeasternBorneo.It is characterized by shared red-slipped pottery traditions, as well as double-headed and penannular ornaments known aslingling-omade from materials like greenjade(sourced fromTaiwan), greenmica(fromMindoro), blacknephrite(fromHà Tĩnh) and clay (from Vietnam and theNorthern Philippines).[5]Sa Huynh also produced beads made from glass,carnelian,agate,olivine,zircon,goldandgarnet;most of whom use materials that are alsoimported.Han dynasty-stylebronze mirrorswere also found in Sa Huynh sites.[5][6][7]
Timeline of Iron age[edit]
- Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details
- Prehistoric (orProto-historic) Iron AgeHistoric Iron Age
Artifacts[edit]
-
Bronze dagger -
Pottery vase -
Pottery fruit tray -
Pottery burial jar -
Jade penannularlingling-o -
Jade double-headedlingling-o
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Pronounced sar-HWING. Frequently misspelled asSa Huyunculture
References[edit]
- ^John N. Miksic,Geok Yian Goh, Sue O Connor -Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia2011 p. 251 "This site dates from the fifth to first century BCE and it is one of the earliest sites of the Sa Huỳnh culture in Thu Bồn Valley (Reinecke et al. 2002, 153–216); 2) Lai Nghi is a prehistoric cemetery richly equipped with iron tools and weapons,..."
- ^Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts(Bảo tàng mỹ thuật Việt Nam) 2000 "Right from the early history - before and after the Christian era - over twenty centuries ago, there was a cultural exchange among three major Centres Z Đông Sơn culture in the North, Sa Huỳnh culture in Central and south-eastern Nam Bộ..."
- ^Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd.,ISBN9786167339443
- ^deBuys, William (2015).The Last Unicorn: A Search For One of Earth's Rarest Creatures.p. 267.
- ^abHung, Hsiao-chun; Nguyen, Kim Dung; Bellwood, Peter; Carson, Mike T. (2013). "Coastal Connectivity: Long-Term Trading Networks Across the South China Sea".Journal of Island & Coastal Archaeology.8(3): 384–404.doi:10.1080/15564894.2013.781085.S2CID129020595.
- ^Solheim, William (1969). "Prehistoric Archaeology in Eastern Mainland Southeast Asia and the Philippines".Asian Perspectives.3:97–108.hdl:10125/19126.
- ^Miksic, John N. (2003).Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares.Singapore: Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore.
- Higham, Charles,The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia,ISBN0-521-56505-7
- Higham, Charles,Early Cultures of Mainland Southeast Asia,ISBN1-58886-028-0