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Saab 29 Tunnan

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Saab 29Tunnan
Role Fighter
National origin Sweden
Manufacturer Saab AB
First flight 1 September 1948
Introduction 1951
Retired 1976
Primary users Swedish Air Force
Austrian Air Force
Produced 1948–1956
Number built 661

TheSaab 29Tunnan(TheBarrel), colloquially alsoFlygande Tunnan(The Flying Barrel),[Nb 1][1][2]is an earlyjet-poweredfighter aircraftdesigned and produced by theSwedishaircraft manufacturerSaab.It was the secondturbojet-powered combat aircraft to be developed in Sweden, the first being theSaab 21R,and it was the firstWestern Europeanfighter to be produced with aswept wingafter theSecond World War,only being preceded in Western Europe as a whole by theMesserschmitt Me 262built during the conflict.[3][4]

Work on what would become the Tunnan commenced in late 1945. The design, internally designatedR 1001,had a barrel-like fuselage, giving it a destinctive rotund appearance, from which its name is derived. A relatively thin swept wing configuration was adopted after wartime aerodynamic research from Germany indicated its favourable high speed qualities. It was powered by the recently-developedde Havilland Ghostturbojet engine. TheSwedish Air Forceplaced an initial order for three prototypes under the service designationJ 29during Autumn 1946. On 1 September 1948, the first prototype performed itsmaiden flight;flight testing proved the aircraft to exceed performance estimates in several aspects.

During May 1951,Bråvalla Wing(F 13) received the first production aircraft.[3]Five principal variants of the Tunnan were produced; the first model to enter service being theJ 29Afighter, the more capableJ 29BandJ 29Efighters, and finally theafterburner-equippedJ 29Ffighter, which was the final fighter variant to be built. A dedicatedaerial reconnaissancemodel, theS 29C,was also operated. During the 1960s, several J 29Bs saw combat while stationed in theRepublic of Congoas Sweden's contribution to a UN peacekeeping mission (ONUC). TheAustrian Air Forcealso operated the type. In service, the J 29 proved to be relatively fast and agile. The Swedish Air Force operated the type in both fighter andfighter-bomberroles into the 1970s.

Development[edit]

Main SAAB 29 Tunnan production model (J 29 A:2) with fuselage mounted dive brakes. Early production models (J 29 A:1) had wing mounted dive brakes.

Sweden had fallen behind the rapid technical progress being made elsewhere, andSaabneeded to catch up in terms of aerodynamics and jet propulsion.[5]Accordingly, project "JxR" was initiated in late 1945 and requirements were drawn up in October 1945.[6]A pair of proposals were presented by the Saab design team, led byLars Brising.The first of these, codenamedR 101,nicknamedcigarren(the cigar) due to its shape, bore a strong resemblance to the AmericanLockheed P-80 Shooting Star.The second design, which was chosen, was thebarrel-shaped design, codenamedR 1001,which proved to be both faster and more agile.[7]

The R 1001 concept had a straight wing, but after the engineers obtained German swept wing research data, it was given a 25 degree sweep. Information on swept wings came through Switzerland and included drawings for theMesserschmitt P.1101,P.1110,P.1111andP.1112.SAAB's project manager,Frid Wänström,collected these documents in 1945 from Messerschmitt engineers who escaped to Switzerland at the end of the War. Among them were engineer and aerodynamicistHermann Behrbohm,who joined Saab's J 29 team. These documents clearly indicated delta and swept-wing designs "reduc[e] drag dramatically as the aircraft approached the sound barrier."[8]

To make the wing as thin as possible, theundercarriageretracted into the fuselage, rather than the wings.[9][10]Wind tunneltesting at theSwedish Royal University of Technologyand by theNational Aeronautical Research Institutealso influenced its aerodynamics.[11]These tests determined the required fuselage form to ensure it could attain the targeted criticalMach number,as well as supporting the use of a straight-through airflow to maximize thrust.[12]Automatically lockingleading edge slots,interconnected with theflaps,were also deemed necessary for lateral stability during take-off and landing. To further verify the swept wing, aSaab Safirwas modified with a full-scale wing as theSaab 201.[8][11]The finalized design, incorporating the new information was drawn up in January 1946.[13]

Saab S 29CTunnanat Swedish Air Force Museum, Linköping
The cockpit of a J 29F, 2013

The original powerplant was to have been thede Havilland Goblinturbojet,however, in December 1945, the more powerfulde Havilland Ghostbecame available. This was ideal as not only was the Ghost set up for a circular air intake, its diameter would fit within the planned fuselage.[6]Following negotiations between de Havilland and Saab, the Ghost engine was selected to power the type.[10]

Despite early doubts for the supply of an equivalent to the American 75S aluminiumalloy,Svenska Metallverken was able to manufacture it, although significantly larger sections were used than typical for aircraft construction.[14]The structure employed heavy frames and stressed skin to meet conflicting requirements on space, strength, rigidity and accessibility.[9]

TheSwedish Air Forcerequested verification of the performance and a production plan for the project in February 1946.[15]In Autumn 1946, the Swedish Air Force formally ordered three prototypes, with the type designationJ 29.[15]Static testing of the full-scale mock-up revealed problems with pressure cabin leaks, and concerningaileronbehavior. Ahydraulicsystem was installed to solve the latter issue.[9][15]However, these modifications delayed the first flight until after the hoped for date of 1 August 1948.[15]

The first flight by aSaab 29prototype was on 1 September 1948, was made byS/L'Bob' Moore,[9]who was later the first managing director ofSaab GB, UK.[7]A problem with the landing gear affected the expected top speed of the aircraft.[16]Following the flight, Moore described the aircraft as "on the ground an ugly duckling – in the air, a swift." Because of the shape of its fuselage, the Saab J 29 quickly received the nicknameFlygande Tunnan( "The Flying Barrel" ), orTunnan( "The Barrel" ) for short. While not appreciated by SAAB, its short form was eventually adopted officially.[17]

Four prototypes were built for the test program. The first two lacked armament, carrying heavy test equipment in their place instead. The third was armed with four 20 mm (0.79 in) cannons.[18]Air brakeson the fuselage and on the wings behind the rear spar and both conventional and combinedaileron/flaparrangements were tested.[9]Flight tests revealed that the J 29 prototypes could exceed the maximum Mach number for which they had been designed and flight performance figures were typically in excess of predicted values.[18]

Quantity production commenced in 1948; during May 1951,Bråvalla Wing(F 13) received the first production aircraft.[3]

The Tunnan was produced in five main variants.

TheJ 29Afighter was the first model to enter service, and was followed by theJ 29BandJ 29Efighters, and finally theafterburner-equippedJ 29Ffighter, which was the final variant built. There was also a dedicated reconnaissance variant, theS 29C.[3][19]Between 1950 and 1956, 661 Tunnans were completed, the largest production run for any Saab aircraft.[7]

Design[edit]

J 29FTunnan29666/T at Soderhamn /F 15 Aviation Museum, Söderhamn Airport

The Saab 29 Tunnan was the first Swedish aircraft to be specifically designed to use jet propulsion. Sweden's first jet fighter, theSaab 21R,had been modified from the piston-enginedSaab 21.[12]It is a small, chubby aircraft with a single round air intake in the nose, with the pilot under abubble canopydirectly above the air intake duct on the upper-forward section of the fuselage. It has a very thin mid-mounted moderately swept two-spar wing which is a single structure attached to the fuselage by four bolts.[9]Theundercarriageis hydraulically operated, and was designed to be suitable for use from rough airstrips.[9]To improve pilot survivability, the Tunnan used anejection seatSaab developed in 1943, with an explosive jettisoning system for the canopy.[9]

The Tunnan is powered with a single 22.4 kN (5,000 lbf)de Havilland Ghostturbojet[9]which have a top speed in excess of 1,050 km/h (650 mph), better performance than Sweden'sde Havilland Vampires.The engine was bolted to the fuselage at three points and a special trolley was used to remove the engine for maintenance.[9]The final version had anafterburner,the first successful one used with a British jet engine.[20]

Improvements were made to the wing to incorporate adog-toothleading edge, raising the criticalMach number.From 1963 onwards, all frontline J 29Fs were equipped withAIM-9 Sidewinderinfrared-seekingair-to-air missiles.[21]

Operational history[edit]

Sweden[edit]

Tunnan at the Swedish Armed Forces' Airshow

The J 29 was fast and agile, and set the world speed record on a 500 km (310 mi) closed circuit in 1954[22]at 977 km/h (607.05 mph). Two S 29C (reconnaissance variant) additionally set an international speed record of 900.6 km/h (559.4 mph) over a 1,000 km (620 mi) closed-circuit course in 1955.[4][22]

The crash record in early service was poor, mainly due to the inexperience with swept-winged aircraft and the lack of a two-seat,dual controlTunnan trainer variant: this meant that Swedish fighter pilots could only be trained using two seat variants of thede Havilland Vampire(a straight-winged jet), before going solo in a Tunnan. 99 pilots were killed during military practice flights in Sweden.[7]

In May 1967, the fighter versions of the Tunnan was retired from combat service; however, a number of aircraft were retained and reconfigured for use ascountermeasurestrainers and fortarget towingduties into the 1970s.[3]In August 1976, the last official military flight was performed at the Swedish Air Force's 50th anniversary air show.[3]

Austria[edit]

On 27 January 1961, the Swedish Government authorized the Air Board to sell 15 J 29F Tunnans to Saab for restoration and resale to theAustrian Air Force.Like the Swedish counterpart, the Saab 29 came to be colloquially called “flying barrel” (Fliegende Tonne) or just “barrel” (Tonne) in Austria.[23][24][25][26]

In 1962, the sale of a further 15 J 29F aircraft to Austria was authorized.[27]This second batch was modified so a camera pod could be installed in the port side of the nose of each aircraft, which required the removal of two cannons. The interchangeable camera pod could be exchanged in roughly 30 minutes, and the cameras could be redirected in flight from the cockpit.[28]Due to the limitations of the 1955Austrian State Treaty,these were never armed withair-to-air missiles.[29]The Tunnan remained in Austrian Air Force service until 1972.[7]

On 20 October 1964 at 9:48 a.m., two Austrian J 29Fs, of the second fighter bomber wing (2. Staffel/JaBo-Geschwader), took off from the base in Linz; the first, Bu. No. 29559 "E", was piloted by Sergeant Johan Kemetinger, the second, Bu. No. 29627 "L", was piloted by Staff Sergeant Alfred Erdler. In bad weather and a radio beacon mix-up, the pilots "smoked" and crossed the airspace of the then Czechoslovakia. Due to the bad weather, they could not even be intercepted by the emergency pair, who had to stay at the airport. The Austrian pilots thus got deep into the interior of the country and after finding that they had fuel for about the last 2 minutes of the flight, the pilots, believing that the field on which they landed was solid enough, landed in a field in the area of the village of Ořech in the Prague-West district. Coincidentally, just a few kilometres from the civilian Prague-Ruzyně airport.[30]One machine lost its landing gear on landing, the other overturned on a ditch, the pilot was trapped and had to be rescued by people working in the field. Both pilots were returned to their homeland after two days. The planes followed them later by rail.

UN operations in the Congo[edit]

UN J 29 fighters in the Congo

The Tunnan was the first Swedish jet aircraft to see combat. In response to an appeal by theUnited Nations(UN) for military support in September 1961, an initial force of five J 29Bs organized as the F 22 Wing of theSwedish Air Force,were stationed in theRepublic of Congoas Sweden's contribution to a UN peacekeeping mission (ONUC).[31]They were subsequently reinforced by four more J 29Bs and two S 29C photo reconnaissance Tunnans in 1962.[27]The Tunnans receivedUNidentifying markings on their fuselages.[31]

Most missions involved attacking ground targets with cannons and unguided rockets but no aircraft were lost in action despite heavyground fire.The consensus of the crews and foreign observers was that the Tunnan's capabilities were exceptional.[32][33]Their secessionist adversaries used a fewFouga Magistersand other aircraft with no air combat capabilities.

Swedish pilots refused some requests for close air support to ground troops, reasoning that the risk of civilian casualties was too high. In November 1962, the Swedish air commander refused a direct order to destroy the secessionist's Fouga Magisters since they were unarmed.[34]

The only aircraft lost was by a high-ranking officer who crashed during an aborted takeoff for a test flight. WhenONUCended in 1964, some of the Swedish aircraft were deliberately destroyed at their base, as they were no longer needed in Sweden, having been superseded by later variants, and the cost of returning them wasn't justified.[27]

Variants[edit]

Saab R 1001

    • J 29– four prototypes built in 1948–50.[18]

Saab 29 A

EarlyJ SAAB 29 (J 29 A:1) with wing-mounted dive brakes. Later (A:2) had fuselage-mounted dive brakes.
    • J 29A1(J 29 A:1)[35]– fighter (jaktflygplan;“pursuit aircraft” ), 32 built from 1950 to 1951; early series with wing-mounted dive brakes.[36][37]
    • J 29A2(J 29 A:2)[38]– fighter, 192 built from 1951 to 1954; later series with fuselage-mounted dive brakes ahead of the main landing gear doors.[39][36][37]

Saab 29 B

    • J 29B– fighter, 332 built 1953–55; featured 50% larger fuel capacity and underwinghardpointsto carry bombs, rockets and drop-tanks.[40]
      • A 29B– attacker (attackflygplan;“attack aircraft” ), same aircraft as the J 29B, when serving with attack units;[40][41]painted with olive green wingtips and fin from 1954 onward.[42]

Saab 29 C

S 29C (late) with E-wing serving with the 22 U.N. Fighter Squadron in Kongo.
    • S 29C(early) – reconnaissance (spaningsflygplan;“reconnaissance aircraft” ), 76 built from 1954 through 1956; based on the Saab 29B, with five cameras mounted in a modified nose (no armament was carried);[20]painted with olive green wingtips and fin from 1954 onward.[42]
    • S 29C(late) – S 29C modified with the improved wing design introduced on the Saab 29E, sometimes inofficially calledS 29E.[20]

Saab 29 D

    • J 29D– proposed fighter variant withafterburner;a single prototype was built to test the afterburning Ghost RM 2A turbojet with 27.5 kN (2,800 kgp/6,175 lbf) afterburning thrust. Prototype ultimately converted to J 29 F standard as the J 29F prototype.[20]
      • J 29D(alt 1.) – proposal (alternative 1) fitted with a target acquisition radar in a nose radome either above the nose intake or placed inside it.[43]
      • J 29D(alt 2.) – proposal (alternative 2)[43]fitted the type with 4 × 30 mm Hispano HSS 825 guns.[44]One J 29A (number 29137) trialed with 30 mm HSS 825mockupsin 1952.[45]After trestle mount trials of the 30 mm HSS 825 in 1954 it was found that the weapon was unsafe and the idea to use it on the J 29D was scrapped.[46]

Saab 29 E

    • J 29E– fighter, 29 built in 1955; introduced an improved wing design with a leading edge dogtooth to increase thecritical Mach number.[20]
      • A 29E– attacker, same aircraft as the J 29E, when serving with attack units;[41]painted with olive green wingtips and fin.[42]

Saab 29 F

AustrianJ-29F „Tonne “" Aufklärungsversion "(reconnaissance variant) with the two left guns replaced with a camera pack. 1979
    • J 29F– fighter, 308 aircraft converted from available stocks of B and E model airframes from 1954 to 1956; featured the afterburning Ghost and dog-tooth wing; all remaining aircraft were further modified in 1963 to carry a pair of US-designedAIM-9B Sidewinderheat-seeking air-to-air missiles, in Swedish service designated as therb 24.[21]
      • A 29F– attacker, same aircraft as the J 29F, when serving with attack units;[41]painted with olive green wingtips and fin.[42]
    • J-29F „Tonne “(Jagdversion) – fighter, 20 unmodified J 29F used by the Austrian Air Force.[23]
    • J-29F „Tonne “(Aufklärungsversion) – reconnaissance, 10 modified J 29F used by the Austrian Air Force, fitting a camera pack by SwedishMalmö Flygindustri(MFI) in place of the two left cannons, housing three 70 mm Vinten cameras in a green housing; 12 packs bought by the Austrian Air Force (installation was reversable), with 10 aircraft constantly modified. Only used by the second fighter bomber squadron (2. Staffel/JaBo-Geschwader).[47][23][48]

Operators[edit]

Austria
Austrian J 29F Tunnan from 1. Staffel/JaBo-Geschwader.
Sweden
Saab J 29,Swedish Air Force Historic Flight,RAF WaddingtonAirshow 2013
United NationsONUC
ONUC in Congo. Saab 29s along with Iranian and PhilippineF-86F Sabres.

Surviving aircraft[edit]

Specifications (Saab J 29F Tunnan)[edit]

Saab J 29 Tunnan 3-view drawing

Data fromThe Great Book of Fighters,[54]The Saab J 29[55]J 29F pilots manual[56]

General characteristics

  • Crew:1
  • Length:10.23 m (33 ft 7 in)
  • Wingspan:11 m (36 ft 1 in)
  • Height:3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
  • Wing area:24.15 m2(259.9 sq ft)
  • Empty weight:4,845 kg (10,681 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight:8,375 kg (18,464 lb)
  • Powerplant:1 ×Svenska Flygmotor RM2Bcentrifugal-flow turbojet engine with afterburning, 27.0 kN (6,070 lbf) thrust

Performance

  • Maximum speed:1,060 km/h (660 mph, 570 kn)
  • Range:1,100 km (680 mi, 590 nmi)
  • Service ceiling:15,500 m (50,900 ft)
  • Rate of climb:32.1 m/s (6,320 ft/min)

Armament

  • Guns:
  • Hardpoints:
  • 8 inner hardpoints for rocket/missile pylons; inner hardpoint only capable of carrying one smaller rocket due to the landing gear[58]
  • 2 outer hardpoints fordrop tanksor incendiary bombs, however tests were conducted with carrying rockets on this hardpoint: 8 x75 mm Bofors,2-4 x103 mm Boforsor 1 x180 mm Boforsrocket could be carried per drop tank hardpoint via a dedicated pylon[58]
  • Rockets:
  • Missiles:
  • Bombs:
  • 200 kg (441 lb) brandb m/51incendiary bomb;carried in on the drop tank hardpoint[57]
  • 600 kg (1,323 lb) drop tankscould be armed as incendiary bombs in the air or filled withnapalmfrom the start; carried in on the drop tank hardpoint

See also[edit]

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^The names of Swedish combat aircraft, like Viggen or Draken, are in the definite form while non-combat aircraft likeSaab Safirare in indefinite form.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^Nilsson 2012.
  2. ^Project:s Saab Historic Milestones,Saab, 23 March 2014, Swedish naming of aircraft
  3. ^abcdefBoyne 2002, p. 547.
  4. ^ab"1940s."Saab,Retrieved: 27 March 2016.
  5. ^Widfeldt 1966, p. 3.
  6. ^abFlight1950, p. 556.
  7. ^abcdeGoebel, Greg."The SAAB 29 Tunnan."Vector site,1 July 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  8. ^abErichs et al. 1988, p. 37.
  9. ^abcdefghijFlight1950, p. 558.
  10. ^abWidfeldt 1966, p. 4.
  11. ^abFlight1950, p. 557.
  12. ^abFlight1950, pp. 556–557.
  13. ^Widfeldt 1966, pp. 4–5.
  14. ^Flight1950, pp. 557-558.
  15. ^abcdWidfeldt 1966, p. 5.
  16. ^"Flygande Tunnan fyller 70 – Flygvapenbloggen".blogg.forsvarsmakten.se.Retrieved2020-09-17.
  17. ^"History: Saab 29 Tunnan: JAS 29 in the Swedish Air Force."Saab. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  18. ^abcWidfeldt 1966, p. 6.
  19. ^Widfeldt 1966, pp. 6–12.
  20. ^abcdeWidfeldt 1966, p. 8.
  21. ^abWidfeldt 1966, pp. 8–9.
  22. ^ab"General Aviation World Records: Saab J 29."Archived2007-11-13 at theWayback MachineFédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI).Retrieved: 18 February 2009.
  23. ^abcde"Saab J-29F „Tunnan" "Fliegende Tonne"".gotech.at.Archived fromthe originalon 2010-06-26.Retrieved2024-03-11.
  24. ^"S-65OE mit einer „Tonne"".airpower.at. Archived fromthe originalon 2006-05-14.
  25. ^"J29 i Österrike".ointres.se.Retrieved2024-03-11.
  26. ^"F18-Kamraten-nr-58-minsta-filstorlek.pdf"(PDF).f18.se.p. 25.Retrieved2024-03-11.
  27. ^abcdefghijklmnopqWidfeldt 1966, p. 10.
  28. ^Widfeldt 1966, pp. 10-11.
  29. ^Lombardi 2007, p. 165.
  30. ^"Saab J-29F" Tunnan "von gotech.at".
  31. ^abWidfeldt 1966, p. 9.
  32. ^"J 29 – SAAB 29” Flygande tunnan” (1951–1976). "Avrosys.Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  33. ^"J 29 Tunnan."Everything2.Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  34. ^"The UN's First" Air Force ": Peacekeepers in Combat, Congo 1960–64".walterdorn.net.Retrieved2022-07-10.
  35. ^"Inglasat foto på flygande J 29 A:1, SAAB" Tunnan "".digitaltmuseum.se.Retrieved2024-03-11.
  36. ^abAmelin, Björn (1996). Berns, Lennart (ed.).Flygande tunnan: en antologi(in Swedish). Stockholm: Allt om hobby.ISBN9185496790.
  37. ^abSFI 29 A och B: speciell förarinstruktion: fastställes den 22/12 1954.Stockholm: Kungliga flygförvaltningen (Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration). 1954-12-22. p. 22.
  38. ^"Inglasat fotografi på J 29A:2".digitaltmuseum.se.Retrieved2024-03-11.
  39. ^Widfeldt 1966, pp. 6–7.
  40. ^abWidfeldt 1966, p. 7.
  41. ^abc"0602 Flygförvaltningen, A Flygförvaltningen 1922 – 1971, Materielavdelningen 1942 – 1954, F 2 Ärenden kring beredskapsläget, Volym 6" [0602 Air Force Materiel Administration, A Air Force Materiel Administration 1922 – 1971, Materiel department 1942 – 1954, F 2 Matters regarding the state of preparedness, Volume 6] (Document) (in Swedish). Sweden: Flygförvaltningens arkiv via Krigsarkivet (the Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration archive, via the Swedish Military Archive). 1957. SE/KrA/0602/A/003:H/F 2/6.sok.riksarkivet.se/arkiv/hnj2OZG3pKEMpj3UrtUyF2
  42. ^abcdKronmärkt: målning och märkning av svenska militärflygplan under 1900-talet / Leif Hellström, Leif Fredin.Allt om hobby. 2000. p. 50.ISBN9172430036.
  43. ^abSaab 29: 'Flygande tunnan' / Mikael Forslund; colour illustrations by Thierry Vallet; translation: Jan Forsgren.ISBN9788365281340.
  44. ^Swedish archive document collection: FF materialavdelningen, serie E I, volym 9
  45. ^"29137 J 29A".Retrieved2021-06-13.
  46. ^Thorsson, Nils (1975).Historik och kartläggning av vapenmateriel för flygplan.Arboga, Sweden. p. 21.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  47. ^abcSAAB 29 80 år.Stockholm, Sweden: Svensk flyghistorisk förening. 2018. pp. 22–25.
  48. ^abc"Saab J-29F „Tunnan"".airpower.at. Archived fromthe originalon 2006-05-14.
  49. ^ab"TIGERSTAFFEL".luftstreitkraefte.at.Retrieved2024-03-11.
  50. ^"FLYGETS UPPLEVELSECENTER – I UNDERJORDEN".
  51. ^https:// midlandairmuseum.co.uk/aircraftlist.php"Midland Air Museum". Retrieved: 18 December 2023
  52. ^"Saab J 29F Tunnan."Musée de l'Air.Retrieved: 21 March 2015.
  53. ^"Spaningsflygplan, S 29C""Digitalt Museum". Retrieved: 23 November 2023.
  54. ^Green and Swanborough, 2001[page needed]
  55. ^Widfeldt 1966, p. 12.
  56. ^SFI J 29 F, speciell förarinstruktion.
  57. ^Berns, Lennart.Flygande Tunnan, En antologi av Lennart Berns.Sweden. p. 144.
  58. ^abcdefgSjögren, Sven.FV Raketbeväpning 1944-1954, Raketbeväpning i svenska flygvapnet: en sammanställning över Försökscentralens (Provningsavdelningens) medverkan vid utveckling och utprovning av raketbeväpning åren 1944-1954.
  59. ^abBeskrivning över Flygvapnets raketmateriel.1957.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Berns, Lennart and Robin Lindholm. "Saab J 29 Tunnan".International Air Power Review,volume 13/2004, pp. 152–73.
  • Boyne, Walter J.Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1.ABC-CLIO, 2002.ISBN1-5760-7345-9.
  • Erichs, Rolph et al.The Saab-Scania Story.Stockholm: Streiffert & Co., 1988.ISBN91-7886-014-8.
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  • Nilsson, Axel (13 January 2012),"JAS 39 Gripen − Milestones",Projects,Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, archived fromthe originalon 22 February 2014,retrieved12 February2014
  • "Saab-29: Sweden's new jet fighter."Flight International,4 May 1950. pp. 556–58.
  • Taylor, John W.R. "Saab J 29."Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present.New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969.ISBN0-425-03633-2.
  • This Happens in the Swedish Air Force(brochure). Stockholm: Information Department of the Air Staff, Flygstabens informationsavdelning, Swedish Air Force, 1983.
  • Widfeldt, Bo.The Saab J 29.Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966.
  • Wilson, Stewart.Combat Aircraft since 1945.Fyshwick,AU:Aerospace Publications, 2000.ISBN1-875671-50-1.
  • Winchester, Jim. "Saab J 29".Military Aircraft of the Cold War (The Aviation Factfile).Rochester, Kent, UK: The Grange, 2006.ISBN1-84013-929-3.

External links[edit]

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