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"Saban Entertainment" redirects here. For the company that has a division called Saban Entertainment Group, seeSaban Capital Group.

BVS Entertainment, Inc.
Formerly
  • Saban Productions, Inc. (1980–1989)
  • Saban Entertainment, Inc. (1989–2001)[1][2][3]
Company type
Industry
PredecessorSaban Entertainment Inc.
Founded
  • 1980;44 years ago(1980)(as Saban Entertainment)
  • 2001;23 years ago(2001)
  • (as BVS Entertainment)
Founders
Defunct
  • 2001;23 years ago(2001)(Saban Entertainment)[1][2][3]
  • 2014;10 years ago(2014)(dormancy)
FateAcquired byThe Walt Disney Company,then went dormant
SuccessorsProgram library:
Disney General Entertainment Content
Power Rangersfranchise:Hasbro Entertainment
Digimonfranchise:
Toei Animation Inc.
Music library:
BMG Rights Management
Headquarters
,
United States
Number of locations
2
Area served
Worldwide
Products
Owner
Parent
DivisionsLibra Pictures (1994–2001)
Subsidiaries

BVS Entertainment, Inc.,previously known asSaban Productions,Saban EntertainmentandSaban International,is a dormant subsidiary ofthe Walt Disney Company.Founded on April 24, 1980, as a music production company byHaim Saban[1]andShuki Levy,it slowly transitioned to or gravitated towardstelevision productionanddistribution,where it is most known for producing and distributingchildren's programsforFox Family/ABC Familyand defunct channelsFox KidsandJetix.

The company imported,dubbedand adapted various media formats from Japan such asMaple Town,Noozles,Funky Fables,Samurai Pizza Cats,and the first threeDigimonseries to North American and international markets over syndication, including both animation and live-action shows. Saban also adapted varioustokusatsushows fromToei Company,includingPower Rangers(based on theSuper Sentaiseries),Big Bad Beetleborgs(based onJuukou B-Fighter),VR Troopers(featuring elements of variousMetal Heroseries), andMasked Rider(featuring elements ofKamen Rider Black RX).

Saban has also distributed and provided music for television programs produced by outside companies such asThe Super Mario Bros. Super Show!,Inspector Gadgetand the first two dubbed seasons ofDragon Ball Z.

In the 1990s, Saban also operated theLibra Pictureslabel which produced programs targeted towards older audiences than Saban's usual kid-friendly output,[4]as well as a syndicated subsidiarySaban Domestic Distribution,whose primarily purpose was to distribute shows for first-run and off-net syndication.[5]

History

The early years

The first Saban Productions respective name and logo depicted a Saturn-like planet with "Saban", in a Pac-Man style font, going across the planet's ring.

Saban Entertainment was formed on April 24, 1980, asSaban Productions, Inc.,which was initially a music production company. In 1981, it formed a longtime relationship withDIC Audiovisuel and DIC Enterprisesto create soundtracks for their programs; Saban also composed music for companies likeRuby-Spears EnterprisesandFilmation.[6][7]

In 1984, Saban moved into production outright with its first television programKidd Video,a co-production withDIC Enterprises,and it was picked up byNBCas part of their Saturday morning lineup.[8]The next project Saban produced wasMacron 1,an English version ofGoShogunfeaturing pop music, which was picked up for syndication by Orbis Communications for the fall of 1986.[9]

In 1986, Saban Productions bought the foreign rights to theDIC Enterpriseslibrary of children's programming from DIC's parentDIC Animation Cityand then sold the rights toCréativité et Développementshortly afterward, leading to DIC suing Saban for damages before reaching a settlement in 1991. In 1987, DIC expanded its relationship with Saban Productions to co-produce several shows, with Saban handling international distribution.[10]That year, both DIC and Saban Productions collaborated to provide series commitments to 26 episodes ofI'm Telling!and 13 episodes ofThe New ArchiesforNBC.[11]

On June 10, 1987, Saban Productions expanded to live-action TV and theatrical features with plans for a television film onNBC,an hour-long late-night series forCBS,a first-run strip for syndication, and a theatrical feature film. Several pilots such asLove on Trial,Hidden Rage,Shocking But Truewere produced but never realized.[12]

In late October 1987, Saban Productions had obtained three independently produced projects as part of its first slate for the NATPE conference. The three strips includedLove Court,a collaboration with television syndicatorOrbis Communications;All-American Family Challenge,a game show taped atSix Flags;andAlphy's Hollywood Power Party,a teen celebrity dance show; the fourth project would be a network game show version of the board gameUno,which was set forNBC,and was to be produced by Peter Berlin and Rob Fiedler, who joined Saban shortly afterWordplaywas cancelled.[13]

The Saban logo used between 1988 and 1996.

In 1988, Saban Productions and Washington-based newspaper columnistJack Andersonagreed to produce four quarterly specials under the brandingAmerican Expose,with then-futureCopscreator/producerJohn LangleyandMalcolm Barbourserving as producers.[14]Orbis Communications,who previously syndicatedMacron 1,signed on to distribute the programs.[15]Saban International N.V would distribute the same programs and other non-Saban television material,[16]including international sales of DIC programs such asHey Vern, It's Ernest!prior to a lawsuit in 1990.[17]

By early 1989, Saban formed the Saban/Scherick Productions division for production done with Edgar Scherick, primarily miniseries and made-for-TV films.[18]Around this time, they also began syndicating the film library ofNew World Pictures(which had been sold to Trans-Atlantic Entertainment, consisting of ex-New World employees) to television stations. As the company grew, additional executives were hired to push into new areas like prime time programming. Saban created a division, Saban International N.V., based in both the U.S. and the Netherlands, for the international distribution of its shows (not to be confused with the interchangeable but separate company Saban International Paris). Saban hired Stan Golden from Horizon International TV to head their international distribution arm. Then in August 1989, Tom Palmieri came fromMTM Enterprisesto become Saban's president. On September 13, the company renamed itself Saban Entertainment, Inc.[19]CLT in Luxembourg had signed a deal with Saban to market TV shows.[20]

In 1990, Saban entered into a partnership with video game publisherAcclaim Entertainmentand syndicatorBohbot Entertainmentto develop the programVideo Power.[21]Also that year, Saban started Saban Video, with distribution being handled byVideo Treasures.[22]In 1991, Saban Entertainment struck a home video deal with Prism Entertainment that would allow Saban International the international distribution rights to select films.[23]In 1992, Saban signed a domestic distribution deal withBohbot Communicationsto syndicateSaban's Around the World in Eighty DreamsandSaban's Gulliver's Travelsas part of itsAmazin' Adventuresblock.[24]

Partnership with Marvel Entertainment Group

In 1992, Saban partnered with the Marvel Entertainment Group to produce ananimated seriesbased on Marvel's comic-book heroesthe X-Men.Saban obtained the rights in a joint partnership withPolyGram Filmed Entertainmentand theFox Kids Network,becoming Saban's first hit program (running until 1997) and the company's first breakthrough, in partnership with another company.[25]The following year, Saban brought another hit to the Fox Kids lineup,Mighty Morphin Power Rangers,an adaptation of the JapaneseSuper Sentaifranchise. In 1994 alone, licensedPower Rangersmerchandise made Saban over a billion dollars in profits.[26]At distinct times in the 1980s, both Loesch and Saban had attempted adaptations of these shows, but had found themselves repeatedly rejected by other networks.[27][28][29]

Later on in 1992, Saban formed a syndication subsidiary, Saban Domestic Distribution,[5]and unveiled a $50 million development slate. David Goodman, formerly of Goodman Entertainment Group, served as senior vice president of the company.[30]In 1994, Saban Entertainment launched Libra Pictures in an effort to gear films for older audiences, while the Saban name was used for kid-friendly material, in a similar manner whatThe Walt Disney StudiosandTouchstone Pictureswould have to offer.[4]In the same year, Saban signed a deal with A*Vision Entertainment to distribute cassettes under the Saban Home Entertainment and Libra Home Entertainment banners.[31]

In December 1994, Saban launched a partnership/joint venture withUPNto establish theUPN Kidsblock.[32]The block would eventually premiere on September 10, 1995, withSpace StrikersandTeknoman.[33]In 1995, the Saban Interactive unit was established to produce CD-ROM software based on thePower Rangersfranchise.[34]

On October 17, 1995, Libra Pictures president Lance Robbins was made Saban's president of motion pictures and television.[35]On November 3, 1995, Saban Entertainment and theFox Broadcasting Companyentered into a partnership where the two companies would create children's programing channels and services, develop and distribute programing and build licensing and merchandising opportunities on a global basis, and help expand Saban programs' reach.[36]

Saban under Fox Family Worldwide

Saban logo used from 1996 to 2001.

In July 1996, Fox Kids Network secured rights fromMarvel Entertainment GroupforCaptain America,DaredevilandSilver Surferand additional characters to be developed into four series and 52 episodes over seven years.[37]In the same month, Saban formed a new division, Saban Enterprises International, to handle international licensing, merchandising and promotional activities under president Michael Welter. Oliver Spiner, senior vice president of Saban International, took over operational duties previously handled by Welter. Eric S. Rollman was promoted from senior vice president production to executive vice president of Saban Animation.[38]

Also in 1996, Fox Kids Network merged with Saban Entertainment to formFox Kids Worldwide,which included theMarvel ProductionsandMarvel Films Animationlibrary.[39][40][41]Also that year, Saban debuted its first FCC-friendly seriesThe Why Why Family.[42]Shortly afterwards, Saban terminated its home video distribution deal with WarnerVision Entertainment and moved toTwentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment.[43]In 1997, the company produced a revival ofCaptain Kangaroofor the Saban Kids Network.[44]In 1998, Saban Entertainment began exclusively producing programs for Fox Kids and Fox Family, while its syndication unit Saban Domestic Distribution would refocus on developing films for syndication outside Fox channels.[45]

In 1996,New World Animation(The Incredible Hulk), Saban (X-Men), andMarvel Films Animation(Spider-Man) each produced a Marvel series for television.[46]Marvelwas developing aCaptain Americaanimated series with Saban Entertainment forFox Kidsto premiere in fall 1998.[47]However, due to Marvel's bankruptcy, the series was canceled before the premiere.[48]Both Marvel and Saban would become parts ofThe Walt Disney Company;Saban (renamed BVS Entertainment) in 2001 and Marvel by the end of 2009.

Sale to The Walt Disney Company

See also:The Walt Disney Company

On July 23, 2001, it was announced that the group would be sold to The Walt Disney Company as part of the sale of Fox Family Worldwide/Fox Kids Worldwide (which Disney renamedABC Family Worldwide) by Haim Saban andNews Corporation,[49]and on October 24, 2001, the sale was completed[1][2]with Saban Entertainment, Inc. rebranding as BVS (Buena Vista Studios) Entertainment, Inc.[3]on November 29, 2001.[50]The final program fully produced and distributed by Saban Entertainment and Saban International N.V. wasPower Rangers Time Force,which ran throughout 2001, however,Power Rangers Wild Forcewas the final series created and pre-produced by Saban as MMPR Productions, the producer of thePower Rangersseries from 1993 to 2001.

Following Disney's acquisition of Saban, its subsidiaries were also rebranded, with Saban International N.V. becoming BVS International N.V. and Saban International Services, Inc. becoming BVS International Services, Inc. Saban's 49.6% stake of Saban International Paris was purchased along withFox Family Worldwideafter Saban stepped down from the studio and the studio was rebranded as "SIP Animation" in October 2002, as the studio was not allowed to use the "Saban" brand after its take-over.

Saban's distribution branch was folded intoBuena Vista Televisionon May 1, 2002.[51]A week prior,Fox Kids Europeannounced that Buena Vista International Television would take over distribution services of Saban's children's library from Saban International on the same day. The strategy remained the same with Fox Kids Europe continuing to handle all television rights in Europe and the Middle East with Buena Vista handling servicing, while Saban content not under FKE would be handled exclusively by Buena Vista for all territories including rights outside of Europe and the Middle East.[52]

Saban's European licensing subsidiary based in the United Kingdom, Saban Consumer Products Europe, which had been integrated withinFox Kids Europesince the end of 2000,[53]was renamed as Active Licensing Europe on April 13, 2003,[54]and eventually Jetix Consumer Products on May 4, 2004.[55]

Legacy

Prior to the sale, Disney was only involved with one title produced by Saban Entertainment and its extensions.Susie Q,commissioned by Disney on behalf ofSuper RTLandDisney Channel,was produced by Saban's adult label Libra Pictures and was released in 1996. Disney would gain theSusie Qcopyrights following its purchase of Saban in 2001.[56]Including the shows produced after the sale,Susie Qis the only BVS Entertainment property to be directly Disney-branded among the other BVS properties.

Following the completion of the sale, Disney shut down Saban Entertainment's animation unit, but animation production continued at SIP Animation, which BVS held a minority stake in at the time. In this period, all shows produced and owned by BVS Entertainment (which did not receive its own logo) and SIP Animation were distributed byBuena Vista International Televisionand ended with their logos.[57][58][59][60]

Buena Vista International logo used by BVS Entertainment and SIP Animation programs.

The portion of Saban that handled ADR production and post-production services for anime's English-languagedubbingwas renamed by ABC Family Worldwide as "Sensation Animation" on September 9, 2002;[61]and remained as such so Disney could continue dubbingDigimon(the second half ofDigimon TamersandDigimon Frontier) episodes. Once production ended in July 2003, Sensation Animation was closed and folded intoWalt Disney Television Animation.Disney would later go on to dub the four remainderDigimonfilms,Revenge of Diaboromon(DA02),Battle of Adventurers(DT),Runaway Locomon(DT) andIsland of the Lost Digimon(DF) in 2005 and the fifth TV season,Digimon Data Squadin 2007, but this time, the dubbing was handled by post-production studioStudiopolis.The majority of the past voice actors returned with a lack of some voice actors such asJoshua Seth.

After BVS Entertainment continued production of thePower Rangersfranchise throughout the 2000s, Haim Saban foundedSaban Capital Groupand Saban Brands in 2010 and bought backPower Rangersand related properties from Disney. Saban Brands produced programs such asPower Rangersseasons starting withPower Rangers SamuraiandGlitter Force.[62]Saban Brands closed in 2018, with many of its assets being acquired byHasbro.

ABC Family produced a third film in Saban'sAu Pairfilm series,Au Pair 3: Adventure in Paradise,in 2009,[63]featuring Haim Saban's stepdaughterHeidi Sabanagain in the leading role. Disney would not produce any more new projects based on pre-existing BVS properties untilX-Men '97in 2024.

Disney served very little other than to hold copyrights for existing Saban properties. The company only existed legally after its last production,Power Rangers RPM,in 2009. Disney took little action other than merging the company's subsidiaries, such as Teen Dream Productions, Interprod Inc., Laurel Way Productions, and SIP Animation into BVS Entertainment.[64][65][66]Most BVS Entertainment properties have been vaulted by Disney since the late 2000s. BVS Entertainment was last listed by Disney in SEC filings in 2014[67]before becoming dormant.

Subsidiaries and divisions

The company had many subsidiaries around the world, some established to gain financial advantages; not all subsidiaries were actively producing shows, but contributed to the production or distribution of shows in certain aspects. All of these subsidiaries were later terminated by Disney into BVS Entertainment or other Disney units.[64][65][66]

SIP Animation

Main article:SIP Animation
SIP Animation logo used from 2002 to 2009

SIP Animation,formerly known asSaban International Paris,was a television production studio based in France, operating from 1977 to 2009. Saban International Paris was founded in France by Haim Saban and Jacqueline Tordjman in 1977 as a record label; in 1989, it moved into the animation field.[68]In November 1991, Saban International Paris became a separately-operated facility after its shares were divided in thirds,[69]with Saban Entertainment holding a 49.8% share[70](later reduced to 49.6%).[71][72]In 2001, Disney inherited Saban's 49.6% stake in Saban International Paris as part of its purchase of Fox Family Worldwide.[73][74][75]The studio was renamed as SIP Animation in October 2002,[75][76][77]and continued producing shows with this respective name[78][79][80]until it went dormant in 2009. Although the studio was a separately operated multi-shareholder unit between 1991 and 2012,BVS International N.V.owned the rights to "SIP Animation" respective name, brand, logo and trademark between 2002 and 2012.[81]Disney became the sole shareholder partner in the studio through BVS Entertainment in 2012[82][83]and it was terminated and fully closed in October 2023. Following the formal dissolution of the studio, all remaining assets owned by SIP[84]became the property of its parent company BVS Entertainment.[66]


  • Créativité et Développement(1987–1998):
Main article:Créativité et Développement

A rebranding of DIC's French unit (run by Jean Chalopin) after it split from DIC's American unit (run by Andy Heyward), which produced programs into the mid-1990s and owned some of DIC's earliest series. In April 1996, it was acquired by Saban International Paris (including the rights to produce aDiabolikseries), and in 1998 its assets were liquidated by Saban.[85]Some of these assets are still owned by Disney.

Jetix Europe N.V.

Main article:Jetix Europe N.V.

Jetix Europe N.V.,formerly Fox Kids Europe N.V. (1996–2009): BVS Entertainment held 73.3% priority shares in Jetix Europe N.V. to the behalf of its parent company ABC Family Worldwide Inc. The parent Jetix company in the Netherlands was responsible for financing, sales and operations across Europe.[86]These shares were later transferred to Disney Holdings B.V.

  • Jetix Consumer Products:UK based company, formerlySaban Consumer ProductsandActive Licensing Europe.

Other subsidiaries and divisions

  • BVS International N.V.- formerly Saban International N.V. (1989–2016): Saban's international distribution arm. It was an offshore company based in Curaçao. While it held the majority of the shares ofJetix Europe N.V.along with BVS Entertainment,[87]it had commercial rights to the SIP Animation trademark after 2002,[81]and was also a copyright claimant for many shows and films. It was dissolved in 2016.[86]
    • Vesical Limited:It was the company that held theDICcatalog (such asInspector Gadget,Dennis the Menace andHeathcliffetc.), whose pre-1990 music was mostly composed by Haim Saban and Shuki Levy. Saban acquired the company and its assets, gaining the distribution rights to the DIC catalog outside the US, and these rights remained with BVS Entertainment untilDICre-purchased these rights in 2006.[88]
  • BVS International Services Inc. -formerly Saban International Services Inc.- (1986–2011): It was founded in 1986 asShinwa Productions[89]to import, license and dub foreign TV shows. After changing its name twice asSaban International Trading Company[90]andSaban International Services Inc.,[91]it took its last name in 2001.[92]The dubbing and licensing copyrights of the imported shows were registered in the name of this company. It was merged with the parent company in 2011.[64]
  • BVS International Programming A.V.V.(1994–2007): It started its operations as an offshore company based in Aruba. Its first name was"Fox Kids International Programming A.V.V."The copyrights of several series, such asXyber 9: New Dawn[93]andNASCAR Racers,[94]were registered in its name. It was dissolved in 2007.[95]
  • Saban/Sherick Productions:Founded together withEdgar Sherickin 1989.[96]It was involved in live-action film and TV series production and was then completely acquired by Saban. It was closed in May 2001, shortly before Disney took over the company.[97]
  • Laurel Way Productions Inc.:Co-producer and copyright claimant ofXyber 9: New Dawn.It was merged with the parent company in 2011.[65]
  • Teen Dream Productions Inc.(1994–2011): The company's only purpose was taking part in the production ofSweet Valley High.It was dissolved by merging with the parent company in 2011.[64]
  • MMPR Productions Inc.:It appears in the credits as a subcontractor forPower Rangersshows produced between 1993 and 2001. Its fate is unknown.
  • Interprod Inc.:It was often featured in the credits of live-action TV and home video films, and was the copyright claimant for some films. It was merged with the parent company in 2011.[65]
  • Ventura Film Distributors B.V.:Another group company based in the Netherlands. It is often featured in the credits of shows produced by Saban International Paris. Its fate is unknown. Its name appears in the 2001 Fox Family Worldwide-Disney purchase document and 1998 home video rights security agreement document.[88]
  • Sensation Animation:It was simply a rebranding by Disney of Saban's ADR/post-production/dubbing studios, which translated thefourth seasonofDigimon: Digital Monsters.It was closed down and absorbed intoWalt Disney Television Animationon July 14, 2003.

Libra Pictures

Libra Home Entertainment logo used between 1998 and 2001.

Libra was founded to produce programs targeted to older audiences, like Saban did in its early years. It produced mostly co-productions with Shavick Entertainment and O'Hara-Horowitz. Although it is a separate unit, it has existed only as a label and was not a legal entity. Throughout its existence, it produced low-budget B-grade films, some of them erotic thrillers, for TV networks and the direct-to-video home entertainment market. Saban's business partner, Shuki Levy, was usually in charge of the productions produced by this unit, and he was also included in the credits of most shows produced in this unit. The productions from Shuki Levy's personal company,Vertigo Pictures,[98]were later licensed by Saban Entertainment via Libra Pictures, and are still owned by Disney; Vertigo Pictures was suspended by FTB/SOS in 2004. Disney acquired the trademark rights[99]to Libra Pictures with Saban in 2001 and then discontinued the unit. Except for some definitive titles, it is unknown today how much of the Libra catalog is entirely owned by Disney, due to numerous co-productions or the transfer of home video/international distribution rights and/or some copyrights to third parties in the years before Disney acquired Saban Entertainment.

Susie Q,the onlyDisney-brandedproduction in Saban's history, some films from NBC'sMoment of Truthseries and erotic-thrillerBlindfold: Acts of ObsessionstarringShannen DohertyandJudd Nelson,constitute a significant part of the Libra catalog. Libra also contributed to the production ofTerminal Velocity,aHollywood Pictures-Buena Vistatheatrical movie.

List of TV series and films

Main article:List of BVS Entertainment productions

The company's main U.S. unit produced and distributed television shows and films as Saban Entertainment until the last quarter of 2001. Afterwards, BVS Entertainment continued to producePower Rangersseries andSIP Animationcontinued to produce animated series. However, the BVS Entertainment corporate umbrella also remained the parent company, holding the company's subsidiaries, even though shows produced or distributed by subsidiaries of the company are not credited to BVS Entertainment.

Media releases

Most Saban Entertainment-owned media from the early 1990s made their way toVHSin most regions. However, from the late 1990s on, almost all Saban Entertainment-owned entities were only released asAustralianandNew ZealandRegion 4VHSes.And also, according to currentNorth Americanrights holders,Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment(and thenSony Pictures Home EntertainmentandStudio Distribution Services(a joint venture between Universal Pictures Home Entertainment andWarner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment)) still has no plans to release these titles toDVDandBlu-ray,and as such, some of them instead aired on their sibling television channel,Disney XDand originally was onToon DisneyandABC Familyuntil the retirement of theJetixbranding in the U.S. In most European countries, Fox Kids Europe (later as "Jetix Europe" ) had a sister channel calledFox Kids Play(later as "Jetix Play" ) which aired various Saban Entertainment programs and shows owned by Fox Kids Europe/Jetix Europe. Some shows were also released on DVD and VHS by various independent distributors, such as Maximum Entertainment in the United Kingdom. Many Marvel-related series distributed by Saban and some of their live-action films such asRichie Rich's Christmas WishandThree Daysare available on theDisney+streaming service, whileThe Tickis available onHulu,andPrime VideohasSweet Valley High[100]andA.T.O.M.[101]available only in the United States.

On March 13, 2012,Shout! Factoryannounced a home video distribution deal with Saban Brands, which includesVR Troopers,the first two seasons ofBig Bad BeetleborgsandNinja Turtles: The Next Mutation.The first 17 seasons ofPower Rangershave been licensed for DVD releases byShout! Factory,which has released the first 17 seasons to DVD in Region 1.[102]In Germany, they have released complete-season boxsets to everyPower Rangersseries, along with the English versions included up until season 6 due to problems with Disney.

In Australia,Digimon: Digital Monsters'firstandsecondseasons were re-released byMadman Entertainmenton August 17, 2011.[103][104]In addition, the first five series was released on DVD in North America throughNew Video.

Library status

Program library

Main article:List of BVS Entertainment productions § Library status

In 1996, the company had a library of more than 3,700 half-hours of children's programming, making it one of the largest in the world.[105]By the time they were sold to Disney in 2001, their library had increased to over 6,500 half-hours of children's programing.[73]

With a few exceptions, the programs produced and/or distributed by BVS Entertainment and its subsidiaries are currently owned byThe Walt Disney Company,and distributed byDisney Platform Distribution.

Music library

Saban's music library consisted of roughly 3,800 songs, themes and musical underscores, with this number taking into account music that Shuki Levy and Haim Saban produced together in the 1980s, prior to officially forming Saban Entertainment.[106][107]Nearly all of these compositions are listed on legal cue sheets as being written by Shuki Levy and Haim Saban, with these two also appearing in television credits as the composers for most Saban-related productions.[106]Starting in the 1990s, Haim Saban started using the pseudonym "Kussa Mahchi" for his musical credits, with spellings varying (for example, onDragon Ball Z's credits it was spelt "Kussa Mahehi" ). For shows produced by Saban International Paris, he used the pseudonym "Michel Dax" beginning in the mid-1990s.Princess Tenkois an exception as it was not produced by SIP, although Haim Saban still composed the musics for the show under this pseudonym. "Michel Dax" is listed in television credits as the sole composer on all programs where this pseudonym is used, although Shuki Levy is still credited as being a co-writer on the cue sheets.[108][109][110]

A 1998 investigation byThe Hollywood Reporteralleged that during the 1990s, many television compositions credited to Levy and Saban were beingghostwrittenby a salaried staff who did not receive royalties. This practice was legal since the musicians signed a contract agreeing to give up the rights to their compositions prior to joining.[106]Feature films produced by Saban Entertainment usually had to give proper credit to these ghostwriters, presumably since they were union productions.[106]Levy and Saban aren't included as composers in the credit sequences of films where the ghostwriters had to be acknowledged, however, they are still present on the cue sheets for most of these films.[111][112]Compositions which are believed to have been created by ghostwriters, includingRon Wasserman's theme forX-Men: The Animated Series,remain credited to Shuki Levy and Haim Saban whenever they are licensed to appear in other media, such asDoctor Strange in the Multiverse of MadnessandX-Men '97(which use theX-Mentheme).[113][114]

Some of this music library is believed to have gotten misplaced when Disney purchased Saban in 2001.[115]In 2010, Haim Saban sold it to independent Los Angeles labelBug Music,who in turn sold it toBMGin 2011.[116]

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