Sagallo
Sagallo
Сагалло ساغلو (sajalu) | |
|---|---|
 Contemporary engraving showing Sagallo under Nikolai Ashinov's control | |
  Sagallo Location in Djibouti | |
| Coordinates:11°40′N42°44′E/ 11.667°N 42.733°E | |
| Country |  Djibouti |
| Region | Tadjourah Region |
| Elevation | 21 m (69 ft) |
Sagallo(Russian:Сагалло;Arabic:ساغلو;French:Sagallou;Somali:Sagaalo) is a village situated on theGulf of Tadjoura,in the country ofDjibouti,famous for having been occupied by a Russian monk and adventurer in 1889.
Name
[edit]Whether a coincidence or not, "Sagallo" (or "Sakaro" ) is one of the lunar months inSomali culture.[1]
History
[edit]TheOttoman Empirehad loose control over the area from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century.[2]In reality, however, theAfarSultansofTadjourawere in control.[3]It was during this time, that Sagallo was visited by the EnglishmanWilliam Cornwallis Harrison his way toAnkobar,in the year 1841. His assistant surgeon, who wrote the report on the expedition, mentioned that water in the village was abundant in wells.[4]
Historical affiliations
Tadjoura(to 1883)
France,(French Somaliland), 1883-1889
Russian Empire,(New Moscow), 1889
Djibouti,1977–present
By the early 1870s,Egypthad been gaining power in the region and, in 1873, the Egyptians occupied Sagallo and other sites on the Gulf of Tadjoura, but their hold didn't last long.[5]In 1884, the Sultan of Tadjoura, Mohammed Loitah, ceded Sagallo toPaul Soleilletof the Société Française d'Obock, forcing the Egyptians to retire.[6]
In 1883,Nikolai Ivanovich Ashinov,a Russian adventurer andburgessofPenza[7][8](b. 1856[9]) had visitedAbyssinia(the Ethiopian Empire) in order to establish clerical and political ties between the two countries. After his return to Russia, Achinov voiced his plans for an 1888 expedition to the Gulf of Tadjoura to establish a settlement, while claiming to be a freeCossack.Achinov assured the participants that Mohammed Loitah had permanently leased him land in the region.[10]It was purely on his own initiative, and without the involvement of the Russian government, that on 10 December 1888, Achinov along with 165Terek Cossacksboarded theKornilov,a ship heading fromOdessatoAlexandria.The expedition then boarded theLazarevwhich brought them toPort Said.There, Achinov rented the Austrian shipAmfitrida,which entered theGulf of Tadjouraon 6 January 1889. The expedition was greeted by a group of Ethiopianpriests.[10]Achinov struggled to keep the Cossacks under his control, but some raided theDanakil,stealing a cow and a sheep after driving off the local tribesmen with rifle fire. The sultan accepted 60 francs from Achinov as reparations.[11]The French foreign office demanded an explanation of Achinov's actions and the Russian ambassador in Paris distanced the Russian Empire from him. On January 14, the abandoned Egyptian fort of Sagallo was chosen as the new base of the expedition. Achinov named the fortNew Moscow.A tent was erected to serve as the church ofSt. Nicholasand a flag of the expedition was raised.[10] Rumours about the formidable size of the expedition quickly spread through thepress. Later, several colonists escaped toObock,informing the French of the settlement's whereabouts. On 5 February, the Cossacks noticed a French cruiser and three Frenchgunboats.An ultimatum was issued, but Achinov misunderstood it and did not surrender. The artillery barrage that followed came as a complete surprise for the Russians, leaving 6 colonists dead and 22 wounded.[12]A white shirt was raised to show surrender. The Russian government disavowed Achinov, accusing him of disobedience to the Tsar and acts of piracy. Participants were arrested and deported to Odessa aboard theZabiyaka.[11]
In 1977, after three referendums, theFrench Territory of the Afars and the Issasfinally became independent fromFranceas the newly formed country of Djibouti.[13][14]By this point, the water had become scarce, and the community of Sagallo used generators to run water pumps, even though it often fell short of raising enough cash to purchase diesel to power the generators. In the early 21st century, however, aUNICEF-backed project installedsolar panelson a hill to power a submersible pump that now delivers the water when ever needed.[15]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Sagallo | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
31.4 (88.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
40.1 (104.2) |
41.8 (107.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
34.2 (93.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
29.9 (85.8) |
34.7 (94.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.6 (79.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 10 (0.4) |
8 (0.3) |
12 (0.5) |
13 (0.5) |
7 (0.3) |
1 (0.0) |
6 (0.2) |
20 (0.8) |
9 (0.4) |
11 (0.4) |
22 (0.9) |
15 (0.6) |
134 (5.3) |
| Source:Climate-Data.org[16] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^John Anthony Hunt (1951).A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950.p. 10.
- ^"Djibouti country profile".BBC.
- ^A Political Chronology of Africa,(Taylor & Francis: 2001), p. 132ISBN1857431162.
- ^The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London.Vol. 12. United Kingdom. 1843. p. 221-222.
- ^Leila Tarazi Fawaz (2002).Modernity and Culture from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, 1890--1920.p. 65.
- ^"FRENCH SOMALI COAST 1708 – 1946 FRENCH SOMALI COAST | Awdalpress".Archived fromthe originalon 9 June 2013.Retrieved19 April2013.FRENCH SOMALI COAST Timeline
- ^Also spelled Ashinov, Achimov, Atchinoff or Atchimoff
- ^(in French)Le cosaque Achinoffin Le Progrès Illustré (French daily newspaper), March 1, 1891
- ^Ernest A. Wallis Budge,A history of Ethiopia, Nubia and Abyssinia,Taylor & Francis,1928.
- ^abc"Neva,2001, №8, p. 217-220".Retrieved15 July2014.
- ^ab"French Somali History".Retrieved15 July2014.
- ^"Lunochkiv"(in Russian).Retrieved16 July2014.
- ^Kevin Shillington,Encyclopedia of African history,(CRC Press: 2005), p.360.
- ^Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999)Elections in Africa: A data handbook,p. 322ISBN0-19-829645-2
- ^"Sagallou: innovating for children".15 May 2017.
- ^"Climate: Sagallo – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved29 November2017.
Further reading
[edit]- Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1001.
- Harding, Les.Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.The Scarecrow Press, 1998.
- Jean Robert Constantin (comte de),L'archimandrite Païsi et l'ataman Achinoff: une expédition religieuse en Abyssinie.Librairie de la Nouvelle Revue, 1891.
- French Somali Coast 1708–1946,schudak.de (without date).