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Sagami Province

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Map of Japanese provinces with Sagami province highlighted

Sagami Province(Tương mô quốc,Sagami no kuni)was aprovince of Japanlocated in what is today the central and westernKanagawa Prefecture.[1]Sagami Province bordered the provinces ofIzu,Musashi,andSuruga.It had access to thePacific OceanthroughSagami Bay.However, most of the present-day cities ofYokohamaandKawasaki,now part of Kanagawa Prefecture, were not in Sagami, but rather, in Musashi Province. Its abbreviated form name wasSōshū(Tương Châu).

Ukiyo-eprint byHiroshige"Sagami" inThe Famous Scenes of the Sixty States( 60 Dư Châu danh sở đồ sẽ ), depictingEnoshimaandMount Fuji

History

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Sagami was one of the original provinces of Japan established in theNara periodunder theTaihō Code.The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Although remnants from theJapanese PaleolithicandYayoi periodsare scarce, remains from theJōmon periodare relatively plentiful.Kofun periodremains are generally from the 1st to the 4th century AD. Whether or not Sagami was originally part of Musashi prior to the Nara period is still a topic of controversy.

The original capital of the province may have been located in what is nowHiratsuka,although other contenders includeŌisoandEbina.Of all the former provinces of Japan, Sagami is the only in which the ruins of the Nara period capital have yet to be found. TheKokubun-jiis located in what is now Ebina. Under theEngishikiclassification system, Sagami was ranked as a "major country" ( thượng quốc,jōkoku) in terms of importance and a "faraway country" ( xa quốc,ongoku), in terms of distance from the capital. It was also included as one of the Tōkaidō provinces and was governed by aKuni no miyatsuko.

Samukawa jinjawas designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) for the province.[2]

Records of Sagami during theHeian periodare sparse, but during this period largeshōencontrolled by variouswarrior-class clansdeveloped. TheMiura clanwas one of the most powerful of these clans. During theKamakura period,Sagami was the center of theKamakura shogunate,based inKamakura,founded byMinamoto no Yoritomoand subsequently controlled by his former stewards, theHōjō clan.

The province came under the control of theUesugi clanfor much of theSengoku period,and was a highly contested territory, before the consolidation under the rule of theLater Hōjō clanbased atOdawara.After thedefeat of the Later Hōjō clanat the hands ofToyotomi Hideyoshiin 1590, Sagami was part of the territory in theKantō regionwhich came under the rule ofTokugawa Ieyasu.With the establishment of theTokugawa shogunate,the western portion of the province formedOdawara Domain,and the remainder of the province wastenryōterritory under direct administrative control of the Tokugawa shogunate, ruled though a number ofhatamotoadministrators. A number offeudal domainsfrom outside Sagami Province also had small scattered holdings within the province.

During theEdo period,Sagami prospered due to its location on theTōkaidō roadconnectingEdowithKyoto,and numerous post towns developed.Uraga,at the entrance toEdo Baywas a major maritime security checkpoint for ships entering or leaving the Shogunate capital. However, the1703 Genroku earthquakecaused severe damage toOdawara,destroying much ofOdawara-juku.This was followed by further natural disasters, including the October 4,1707 Hōei earthquakeand theHōei eruption of Mount Fujiin December of the same year.

During theBakumatsu period,Kurihama in southernMiura Peninsulawas the location of the first landing ofAmericanCommodoreMatthew C. Perryand his fleet ofblack shipsin 1853, which led eventually to theTreaty of Kanagawa,which opened Sagami to foreign visitation and led to the rapid development ofYokohamaas atreaty port.

After theMeiji Restoration,Sagami Province was reorganized in 1871 into Odarawa, Ongino-Yamanaka, Karasuyama, Mito, Sakura, Oyumi, Mutsuura and Nishi-Ohira Prefectures. All for former Sagami Province became part of the new Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876.[1]

Historical districts

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Bakumatsu period domains

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Name type daimyō kokudaka notes
Odawara Domain fudai Ōkubo 113,000koku

Highways

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^abNussbaum, Louis-Frédéric.(2005). "Kanagawa"atpp. 466–467,p. 466, atGoogle Books.
  2. ^"Nationwide List ofIchinomiya",p. 1.;retrieved 2011-08-09

References

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  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéricand Käthe Roth. (2005).Japan encyclopedia.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 58053128
  • Papinot, Edmond. (1910).Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.OCLC 77691250
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Media related toSagami Provinceat Wikimedia Commons

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