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Said Ali al-Shihri

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Sa'id Ali Jabir Al Khathim Al Shihri
Said Ali Al Shiri in 2009.
Born1971(1971)[1]
Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
Died2013(2013-00-00)(aged 41–42)
Yemen
NationalitySaudi
Other namesSaid Ali al-Shihri
Known forFormer Deputy Emir ofAQAP
Military career
Allegianceal-Qaeda(1990's–2013)
Service/branchAQAP
(2009–2013)
Years of service1990's–2013
RankDeputyEmirofAQAP
Battles/warsYemen Insurgency

Sa'id Ali Jabir Al Khathim Al Shihri(1971–2013) was a Saudi Arabian deputy leader of the terrorist groupAl-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula(AQAP), and possibly involved in the kidnappings and murders of foreigners in Yemen.[2][3]Said Ali al-Shihri was captured at theDurand Line,in December 2001, and was one of the first detainees held at theGuantanamo Bay detention camps,inCuba,arriving on 21 January 2002.[2][4][5][6]He was held inextrajudicial detentionin American custody for almost six years.[2][3][7] Following his repatriation to Saudi custody he was enrolled in a rehabilitation and reintegration program. Following his release, he traveled toYemen.

In January 2009, Al-Shihri appeared in a YouTube video, with three other men, announcing the founding ofAl Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.[7]

On 24 December 2009, it was reported that he may have been killed in anair strikein Yemen. But on 19 January 2010, Yemen security authorities reported they had captured him. On 22 February 2010, theYemen Postreported that the release of an audio recording, after the reports of his death, or capture, confirmed he was at large.[8]Yemen officials reported he was killed by adrone strikeon 10 September 2012.[9]Six days later, a Yemeni official told the London-based dailyAsharq Al-AwsatthatDNAtests reportedly determined he was not killed in the drone strike.[10]

On 20 September 2012, sources close to AQAP told theYemen Observerthat al-Shihri was not killed in the strike. Yemeni officials also told the same newspaper that contrary to whatAsharq Al-Aswatreported, no DNA tests had yet been taken and that theUnited Stateshad requested that the Yemeni government wait until an American team of examiners could administer the DNA tests on the corpses of the men killed in the drone strike.[11]

On 21 October 2012, al-Shihri released an audio tape confirming that he was not killed in the drone strike.[12][13][14]On 22 January 2013, it was reported that al-Shihri had died of wounds from a drone strike in late 2012.[15][16]

On 17 July 2013, Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula confirmed that he had been killed in a U.S. drone strike instead of succumbing to wounds.[17][18]In August 2014, the group revealed in a video that the drone strike that killed Shihri took place in 2013 and that he had survived the 2012 drone strike but was severely wounded.[19]

Early life

[edit]

TheYemen Postreports al Shihri did not finish high school.[8]According to theUnited States Department of Defense,al-Shihri spent two months in Afghanistan in approximately 2000, and trained at theLibyan training campnorth ofKabul.[20]

Al-Shihri said that he was in Afghanistan to purchase carpets for his family's furniture business.[20]He denied any knowledge of weapons or participation in hostilities.[20]

In 2001, al-Shiri left Saudi Arabia and went toBahrain.He was on awatch listbecause he was suspected of funding other fighters' travels to Afghanistan after9-11.He was also accused of helping Saudis acquire false travel documents to enter into Afghanistan. Specifically he was accused of meeting with "a group of extremists inMashad, Iran",and briefing them on entry procedures into Afghanistan via theAl-Tayyibat crossing.[21]

Capture

[edit]

Al-Shihri was captured at the Pakistan border crossing in December 2001 nearSpin Boldak.[21]He was traveling with an Afghan driver, another Saudi man who worked with the Red Crescent, and a member from the Saudi embassy in Pakistan, in a vehicle taking supplies to a camp in Afghanistan.[21]He was found with an injured leg incurred during theAmerican aerial bombardment of Afghanistan.He was also allegedly carrying $1,900.[22]

He claimed he wanted to give the money to theRed Crescentcharity organization, but according to the US, he used the money to finance the travel for other fighters traveling fromBahrainto Afghanistan.[22]

Combatant Status Review

[edit]

Initially theBush administrationasserted they could withhold the protections of theGeneva Conventionsfrom captives in theWar on Terror,while critics argued the Conventions obliged the United States to conductcompetent tribunalsto determine the status of prisoners.[23]Subsequently the Department of Defense institutedCombatant Status Review Tribunals,to determine whether the captives met the new definition of an "enemy combatant".

Detainees do not have the right to a lawyer before the CSRTs or to access the evidence against them. The CSRTs are not bound by the rules of evidence that would apply in court, and the government’s evidence is presumed to be “genuine and accurate.” However, unclassified summaries of relevant evidence may be provided to the detainee and each detainee has an opportunity to present “reasonably available” evidence and witnesses.[24]

From July 2004 through March 2005, a CSRT was convened to make a determination whether each captive had been correctly classified as an "enemy combatant". Said Ali al-Shihri was among the one-third of prisoners for whom there was no indication they chose to participate in their tribunals.[25]

In the landmark caseBoumediene v. Bush,theU.S. Supreme Courtfound that CSRTs are not an adequate substitute for the constitutional right to challenge one's detention in court, in part because they do not have the power to order detainees released.[26]The Court also found that "there is considerable risk of error in the tribunal’s findings of fact."[27]

ASummary of Evidence memowas prepared for the tribunal, listing the alleged facts that led to his detainment. His memo accused him of the following:[20][21][22][28]

Administrative Review Board

[edit]

Detainees whoseCombatant Status Review Tribunallabeled them "enemy combatants" were scheduled for annualAdministrative Review Boardhearings. These hearings were designed to assess the threat a detainee might pose if released or transferred, and whether there were other factors that warranted his continued detention.[29]

2005 Summary of evidence memo

[edit]

The three-pageSummary of Evidence memoprepared for his 2005 annual review listed fifteen "primary factors favor[ing] continued detention" and eight "primary factors favor[ing] release or transfer."[20]According to the 2005 memo he did not enter Afghanistan across its western border with Iran but across its eastern border withPakistan.[20]According to the 2005 memo the instructions he received to assassinate someone were fromSheikhHamud Al-Uqqla.[20]According to the 2005 memo he metAbu Faisal al Ghamdi,theHeratregional director for the charityal Wafawhich American intelligence officials assert had ties to terrorism, and another al Wafa director had his phone number in hispocket litter.[20]The 2005 memo repeated al-Shihri's account of his travel and wounding in Afghanistan—that he traveled there for humanitarian purposes, and was wounded within 17 hours of his arrival.[20]He claimed he had never heard of either al Wafa or al Qaida prior to his arrival in Guantanamo. He denied any knowledge of weapons or participation in hostilities, or any participation in assisting militant recruits to travel to Afghanistan. He stated that Osama bin Laden "did not represent Islam".[20]

2006 Summary of Evidence memo

[edit]

The four pageSummary of Evidence memoprepared for his 2006 annual review listed twenty-two "primary factors favor[ing] continued detention" and nine "primary factors favor[ing] release or transfer".[20]According to the 2006 memo, he decided to do charity work in Pakistan after he heard a speech byShaykhAbdullah al-Jibrinat theAl-Rajeh mosquein Saudi Arabia and saw videos of Afghan refugees.[21]According to the 2006 memo, he had previously traveled to the Pakistan border with Afghanistan to observe the work in a refugee camp nearChaman, Pakistan.The 2006 memo was more specific about his assistance to potential fighters, stating: "The detainee met with a group of extremists inMashad, Iranfollowing the 11 September 2001 attacks and briefed them on entry procedures into Afghanistan via theAl-Tayyibat crossing."[21]

The 2006 memo was also more specific about where he crossed—nearSpin Buldak:"The detainee traveled with an Afghan driver, another Saudi man who worked with the Red Crescent, and a member from the Saudi embassy in Pakistan, in a vehicle taking supplies to a camp in Afghanistan."[21]The camp was about 5 kilometers from the border between Spin Buldak Afghanistan andQuetta,Pakistan. The 2006 memo stated one of his aliases: "was among 100 names taken from Afghanistan-based military training cmap applications located at an Arab office inKandahar".[21]The 2006 memo quoted the individual who claimed Al Shihri had "instigated" him to assassinate a writer, based on Al-Uqqla's fatwa. According to this version, Al Shihri was not wounded; he had successfully fled Afghanistan, through Iran, toKuwait.The 2006 memo also stated he was taken to a hospital run by the Red Crescent society in Pakistan, and that he was arrested in the hospital.[21]

2007 Summary of evidence memo

[edit]
Wikisourcehas original text related to this article:

The three-page Summary of Evidence memo prepared for his 2007 annual review listed just eleven "primary factors favor[ing] continued detention" and six "primary factors favor[ing] release or transfer".[28] No new allegations were added. On 9 January 2009, the Department of Defense published two heavily redacted memos, from Al-Shihri's Board, toGordon R. England,theDesignated Civilian Official.[30][31] The Board's recommendation was unanimous The Board's recommendation was redacted. England decision, made on 23 July 2007, was also redacted.

Guantanamo medical records

[edit]

On 16 March 2007, theDepartment of Defensepublished records of the captives' height and weights.[32]Al Shihri's height was reported as 62 inches tall.[6]His weight was recorded 46 times between his arrival on 21 January 2002, when he weighed 138 pounds, and 19 November 2006, when he weighed 171 pounds.

Repatriation

[edit]

On 25 November 2008, the Department of Defense released a list of the dates captives departed from Guantanamo.[33] According to that list he was repatriated to Saudi custody on 9 November 2007, with thirteen other men. The records published from the captives' annual Administrative Reviews show his repatriation was the subject of formal internal review procedures in 2005, 2006 and 2007.[34][35][36] But the Board's recommendations from the 2007 review—the only one to be published—were redacted. The conclusion theDesignated Civilian Officialauthorized was also redacted.

At least ten other men in his release group were not repatriated through the formal review procedure.[34][35][36]

Peter Taylor writing for theBBC Newscalled the Saudis repatriated on 9 November 2007 with al-Shihri,"batch 10".[37] He wrote that theBBC'sresearch had found this batch to be a problematic cohort, and that al Shiri and four other men from this batch were named on theSaudi most wanted list.[38]

Post-release

[edit]

After Sa'id's repatriation to Saudi custody he went through a Saudi rehabilitation and reintegration program for former jihadists.[3][39][40]This program was partially sponsored by the United States.

Co-founded Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

[edit]

In January 2009, after Sa'id's release from the Saudi rehabilitation program he appeared in several jihadist videos, including one where he was identified as second in command of Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula.[3][7] He appeared in a threateningYouTubevideo with three other men, identified asAbu Hareth Muhammad al-Oufi,Abu Baseer al-WahayshiandAbu Hureira Qasm al-Rimi.[41]

The New York Times,quoting American diplomats in Sana, reported that acar bombthatdetonated outside their EmbassyinSanawas the work of Al-Shihri.[3][42]

On 26 January 2009, theSaudi Gazettepublished a report based on interviews with Al Shihri's father, and current wife.[43] Jaber Aal Khath'am Al-Shihrisaid his son had spentRamadanwith his family.[44] The elder Al Shihri said his son was a primary-school dropout, that he had been married twice, and had a young daughter. He said that his son had been troubled by memories of his detention, where his son told him"he thought about death all the time." He said that, after his release, his son had hoped to find a job as an imam. He said that he had added an addition to his family home for his son and his family to live in. However, after Ramadan, his son left his pregnant wife and child with his in-laws, and disappeared.

TheSaudi Gazettereported that his wife confirmed his father's account.[43] She told the Gazette he had been acting normally, prior to his disappearance."He used to smile and laugh and was generally happy." She described the 3000 Saudi Riyal monthly stipend he received from the Saudi government, following his release, as "an honor."

She told the paper that her husband's sister had phoned her, after his disappearance, and told her he had requested she get a cell phone, so he could talk to her, but then he had not phoned.[43]

TheSaudi Gazettereported that one of al-Shihri's brothers-in-law,Yusuf Al-Shihri,was also a former Guantanamo captive.[43]

While al-Shihri's wife had told theSaudi Gazetteshe suspected nothing, his father said visits from other former captives disturbed him, and he attributed his son's defection to their influence. He said that he regretted his son had not died from the wounds he suffered in Afghanistan.[43]

I say it loud and clear that my son is a deviant member of society who must be removed. He was not upright like the rest of the Gitmo returnees who benefited from the lessons of the past and showed their gratefulness for the assistance they were provided.[43]

Muhammad al-Oufi's mother told theSaudi Gazettethat her son's radicalization was due to Sa'id's influence.[45]

Called upon Somali pirates to "increase your attacks upon Crusaders"

[edit]

On 16 April 2009,CBS Newsreported on a message Al Shihri issued toSomali pirates.[46]

To our steadfast brethren inSomalia,take caution and prepare yourselves. Increase your strikes against the crusaders at sea and in Djibouti.

CBSreported that there had been little concrete sign of a collaboration between Al Qaeda and the Somali pirates, but that the message also promisedOsama bin Laden,Ayman Al ZawahiriandMullah Omarthat al-Shihri's group would be opening a new front in the Arabian Peninsula.[46]

Listed as a former captive who "re-engaged in terrorism"

[edit]

On 27 May 2009, theDefense Intelligence Agencypublished a "fact sheet" listing captives who"re-engaged in terrorism".[47] The fact sheet listed al Awfi and Al Shihri.

Linked to the murder of Christian missionaries in Yemen

[edit]

Fox NewsquotingRobert SpencerofJihad Watch,linked Said Ali Al Shihri to the kidnapping and murder of Christian missionariesRita Stumpp,Anita GruenwaldEom Young-sun,and the kidnapping of six other Christian medical missionaries.[48]

If he believed that these people picnicking in Yemen were aiding in the war against Islam, then he can justify these killings as legitimate — it's this kind of perspective that this guy holds to, that it's right to kill people who would normally be considered off-limits.[48]

Fox Newsalso quotedGregory Johnsen,editor of"Islam and Insurgency in Yemen":[48]

The most likely scenario is that Al Qaeda's responsible. And if it does turn out that Al Qaeda is responsible, then it would be that al-Shihri had a hand in the operation whether behind the scenes or up front.[48]

WhileFox Newsacknowledged no group had taken responsibility for the murders it speculated that the possible involvement of al-Shihri, a graduate of the Saudi jihadist rehabilitation program, would complicateUnited States PresidentBarack Obama's plans to close Guantanamo.[48]

Released a video requesting donations

[edit]

On 30 September 2009, theMiddle East Media Resources Institutereported that Said Al Shiri had released a video requesting donations.[49] Said's father, andPrince Muhammad Bin Naif,Assistant DeputyInterior Ministerfor Security Affairs, spoke out against his funding efforts.[50]

Reported killed in an air strike

[edit]

On 24 December 2009,ABC Newsreported that an air strike in Yemen had killed senior members of al Qaida.[51] They reported that the dead might includeNasir al-Wuhayshi,al-Shihri, andAnwar al-Awlaki.

Reported to be in Yemeni custody

[edit]

On 19 January 2010, Yemen security authorities reported they had captured al-Shiri. He was reported to have tried to evade a newly established roadblock, and to have been apprehended, with another man, after they were injured when their speeding vehicle flipped over.[citation needed]

Release of an audio recording in February 2010

[edit]

TheYemen Postreported that al Shihri released an audio recording made after the reports of his death and capture.[8] They speculated that the audio tape indicated that the reports that the leader of Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, Nasser al Wahayshi, was killed on 24 December 2009 attack. Al Shihri's audio took credit for Nigerian Umar Umar Farouk Abdulmutalib's attempted airliner bombing. He threatened that the group had scheduled operation to"controlBab Al-Mandab strait". TheYemen Postalso reported that al Shihri claimed the USA was planning to insert US troops into Yemen to directly attack his group.

The arrest of 100 suspect followers announced in March 2010

[edit]

On 25 March 2010, Saudi officials announced that they had arrested 100 suspected followers of Al Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula.[52] Judith Miller,formerly ofThe New York Times,reporting forFox News,wrote that the captured men were reported to be"exchanging coded e-mails",with al-Shiri.[failed verification]

Main article:Saudi arrests of suspected terrorists in March 2010

Named in a custody dispute

[edit]

In August 2009, the first husband of al-Shihri's wifeUmm Hajir Al-Azdi,namedSaoud Aal Shaye' al-Qahtani,launched achild custodyclaim, noting that his former wife was a believer in the practice oftakfir(declaring others apostates from Islam), and had taken their 11-year-old son to Yemen with al-Shihri in May 2009.[53]al-Qahtani provided evidence of her inability to raise his son, noting that she was married to al-Shihri, her younger brother had also been imprisoned at Guantanamo, three of her brothers were allegedly "militant jihadists", and her second husband had been killed by Saudi security forces in 2004.[53]

Reports of death

[edit]

On 22 January 2013, members of al-Shihri's family told Al Arabiya that he had died earlier that day after succumbing to wounds from a previous airstrike.[16]An Al Qaeda spokesman identified as Abdulla bin Muhammad stated on his Twitter account that al-Shihri died "after a long journey in fighting the Zio-Crusader campaign."[54]It was not known exactly how he died and under what circumstances,[16]though his family alleged the drone strike took place sometime in the second week of December 2012.[16]On 9 April, Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula's media arm Al-Malahem Foundation released an audio message of al-Shihri,[55]accompanied by a previously unreleased photo,[55]and an Al Qaeda cleric identified as Abu-Saad Al-Aamly denied reports of al-Shihri's death.[56]

Death

[edit]

On 17 July 2013, Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula confirmed that al-Shihri was killed in a U.S. drone strike. The announcement, posted on militant websites, gave no date for the death.[18]In August 2014, the group revealed that al-Shihri was killed in 2013 and had survived the 2012 drone strike, but lost his right eye, right ear and a part of his skull.[57]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSa'id Ali Jabir Al Khathim Al Shihri.
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