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Collectivity of Saint Martin

Coordinates:18°4′31″N63°3′36″W/ 18.07528°N 63.06000°W/18.07528; -63.06000
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Saint Martin
Saint-Martin(French)
Overseas collectivityofFranceandoutermost regionof theEuropean Union
Collectivity of Saint Martin
Collectivité de Saint-Martin
Flag of Saint Martin
Flag
Official seal of Saint Martin
Coat of arms
Anthem:La Marseillaise
( "The Marseillaise" )
Territorial song: "O Sweet Saint Martin's Land"
Location of Saint Martin in the Leeward Islands
Location of Saint Martin in theLeeward Islands
Saint Martin is located on the northern half of the island of Saint Martin.
Saint Martin is located on the northern half of
the island ofSaint Martin.
Sovereign stateFrance
Partition of island23 March 1648
Separated fromGuadeloupe15 July 2007
Capital
and largest city
Marigot
Official languagesFrench
Demonym(s)Saint-Martinois
GovernmentDevolvedparliamentarydependency
Emmanuel Macron
Serge Gouteyron[1]
Louis Mussington[2]
LegislatureTerritorial Council
French Parliament
•Senate
1 senator(of 377)
•National Assembly
1 seatshared withSaint Barthélemy(of 577)
Area
• Total
53.2[3]km2(20.5 sq mi)
• Water (%)
negligible
Population
• Jan. 2021 census
31,477[4]
• Density
592/km2(1,533.3/sq mi)
GDP(nominal)2014 estimate
• Total
US$771.9 million (€581.8 million)[5]
• Per capita
US$21,987 (€16,572)[5]
Currency
Time zoneUTC-4:00(AST)
Driving sideright
Calling code+590
ISO 3166 code
Internet TLD

TheCollectivity of Saint Martin(French:Collectivité de Saint-Martin), commonly known as simplySaint Martin(Saint-Martin,French pronunciation:[sɛ̃maʁtɛ̃]), is anoverseas collectivityofFrancein the West Indies in theCaribbean,on the northern half of theisland of Saint Martin,as well as some smaller adjacent islands.[6]Saint Martin is separated from the island ofAnguillaby theAnguilla Channel.[7]Its capital isMarigot.[6]

With a population of 31,477 as of January 2021[4]on an area of 53.2 square kilometres (20.5 sq mi),[3]it encompasses the northern 60% of thedivided islandof Saint Martin, and some neighbouringislets,the largest of which isÎle Tintamarre.The southern 40% of the island of Saint Martin constitutesSint Maarten,which has been aconstituent countryof theKingdom of the Netherlands[6]since 2010 following the dissolution ofNetherlands Antilles.This marks the only place in the world where Francebordersthe Netherlands.

Before 2007, the French part of Saint Martin was acommunebelonging to theFrench overseas department and regionofGuadeloupe.Despite seceding from Guadeloupe in 2007 and gaining more autonomy as an overseas collectivity of France, Saint Martin has remained anoutermost regionof theEuropean Unionand is part of theeurozone.For statistical purposes, it is still included in theNUTS2 (FRY1) and NUTS 3 (FRY10) of Guadeloupe byEurostat.

Etymology[edit]

Due to confusion on early maps, the island accidentally got the name intended forNevisbyChristopher Columbusin honour ofSt Martin of Toursbecause he first sighted it on the saint's feast day on 11 November 1493.

History[edit]

Main articles:History of Saint MartinandFrench West Indies

Pre-colonial[edit]

Saint Martin was inhabited byAmerindianpeoples for many centuries, with archaeological evidence pointing to a human presence on the island as early as 2000 BC.[8]These people most likely migrated from South America.[8]The earliest known people were theArawakwho settled there between 800 and 300 BC.[8]Circa 1300-1400 AD, they began to be displaced by hostile groups ofKalinagopeople.[8]

Arrival of Europeans[edit]

The 1633 Spanish capture of Saint Martin, as painted by Juan de la Corte

It is commonly believed thatChristopher Columbusnamed the island in honor ofSaint Martin of Tourswhen he encountered it on his second voyage of discovery. However, he actually applied the name to the island now calledNeviswhen he anchored offshore on 11 November 1493, the feast day of Saint Martin. The confusion of numerous poorly charted small islands in theLeeward Islandsmeant that this name was accidentally transferred to the island now known as Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten.[9][10]

Nominally a Spanish territory, the island became the focus of the competing interest of the European powers, notablyFranceand theUnited Provinces.Meanwhile, the Amerindian population began to decline precipitously, dying from diseases brought by the Europeans.

In 1631, the Dutch builtFort Amsterdamon Saint Martin and theDutch West India Companybegan miningsaltthere. Tensions between the Netherlands and Spain were already high due to the ongoingEighty Years' War,and in 1633 the Spanishcaptured St Martinand drove off the Dutch colonists. The Dutch, underPeter Stuyvesant,attempted toregain controlin 1644 but were unsuccessful.[11]However, in 1648 the Eighty Years' War ended and the island lost its strategic and economic value to Spain. The Spanish abandoned it and the Dutch returned.[8]The French also began settling, and rather than fight for control of the entire island the two powers agreed to divide it in two with theTreaty of Concordia.[12]The first governor of French Saint Martin wasRobert de Longvilliers.Various adjustments to the precise alignment of the border occurred, with the boundary settling at its current position by 1817.

18th–19th centuries[edit]

To work the new cotton, tobacco and sugar plantations the French and Dutch began importing large numbers of African slaves, who soon came to outnumber the Europeans.[8]The French eventually abolished slavery in 1848, followed by the Dutch in 1863 (though after 1848, slavery had scarcely been enforceable as slaves could simply move from the Dutch to the French side of the island).[8]Meanwhile, in 1763, Saint Martin was merged into France'sGuadeloupecolony.[8]

20th–21st centuries[edit]

By the first decades of the 20th century Saint Martin's economy was in a poor state, prompting many to emigrate.[8]Things improved during theSecond World Waras the Americans built an airstrip on the Dutch side of the island.[8]

In 1946 Saint Martin (along withSaint Barthélemy) was formally subsumed as anarrondissementinto the Guadeloupedépartement.[8]Tourism started expanding from the 1960s–70s onward, eventually becoming the dominant sector of Saint Martin's economy.[8]

Hurricane Luishit the island in 1995, causing immense destruction and resulting in 12 deaths.[8]

In 2007 Saint Martin was detached from Guadeloupe and became a territorial collectivity with its own Prefect and Territorial Council.[6]

In 2017, Saint Martin was again devastated by a hurricane,Irma,causing widespread destruction across the entire island.[13]

Geography[edit]

Topographic map of the island of Saint Martin

The Collectivity of Saint Martin occupies the northern half of the island ofSaint Martinin theLeeward Islands;the southern half forms the Dutch territory ofSint Maarten.To the north across theAnguilla Channellies the British Overseas Territory ofAnguilla,to the south-east of the island lies the French island ofSaint Barthélemyand further south are the Dutch islands ofSabaandSaint Eustatius.

Saint Martin's land area is 53.2 km2(20.5 sq mi)[3]The terrain is generally hilly, with the highest peak beingPic Paradisat 424 m (1,391 ft), which is also the highest peak on the island as a whole.[6]The Terres Basses region lying west of the capital Marigot, which contains the French half of theSimpson Bay Lagoon,is flatter. There are a few small lakes on Saint Martin, such as Chevrise Pond, Great Pond and Red Pond. The land is part of the Leeward Islands xeric scrub ecoregion.[14]

Numerous small islands lie off the coast, including Rock of the Cove Marcel,Creole Rock,Little Key, Pinel Island, Green Cay Grand Islet (within the Simpson Bay Lagoon) and the largestTintamarre Island.

Hurricane Irma[edit]

Hurricane Irma hit Saint Martin on 6 September 2017; 95% of the structures on the French side were damaged or destroyed.[13][15]Looting or "pillaging" was a problem initially; France subsequently sent 240 gendarmes to help control the situation.[16][17][18]

On 11 September PresidentEmmanuel Macronvisited St Martin to view the damage and to assure residents of support for relief efforts.[19]At that time, only tourists and visitors from France (mainlanders) had been evacuated from St. Martin, leading to complaints by black and mixed-race residents that whites were being given priority.[20]Macron pledged 50 million euros of aid for the French islands and said the rebuilding will be done quickly but very well.[21]By March 2018 much of the territory's infrastructure was back up and running.[22]

Politics and government[edit]

Main article:Politics of the Collectivity of Saint Martin
View of the capital Marigot fromFort St. Louis

Saint Martin was for many years a Frenchcommune,forming part ofGuadeloupe,which is anoverseas région and départementof France. In 2003 the population of the French part of the islandvotedin favour ofsecessionfrom Guadeloupe in order to form a separateoverseas collectivity(COM) of France.[6][23]On 9 February 2007, theFrench Parliamentpassed a bill granting COM status to both the French part of Saint Martin and (separately) the neighbouringSaint Barthélemy.[24]The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, once the local assemblies were elected,[25]with the second round of the vote ultimately occurring on 15 July 2007.[26]Saint Martin remains part of theEuropean Union.[27]

The new governance structure befitting an overseas collectivity took effect on 15 July 2007 with the first session of the Territorial Council (French:Conseil territorial). This is aunicameralbody of 23 members, with elections held every five years.[7][6]The first President of the Territorial Council wasLouis-Constant Fleming,however on 25 July 2008 Fleming resigned after being sanctioned by theConseil d'Étatfor one year over problems with his 2007 election campaign.[28]On 7 August,Frantz Gumbswas elected as President of the Territorial Council.[29]However, his election was declared invalid on 10 April 2009 andDaniel Gibbsappointed as Acting President of the Territorial Council on 14 April 2009.[30]Gumbs was re-elected on 5 May 2009.[31]

The Chief of State is thePresident of France(currentlyEmmanuel Macron), who is represented locally by a Prefect appointed on the advice of theMinister of the Interior (France).[6][7]The current Prefect isSylvie Feucher.[32]Saint Martin elects one member to theFrench Senate,and one to theFrench National Assembly(note that the latter post is shared with Saint Barthélemy).[6]

Before 2007, Saint Martin was coded as GP (Guadeloupe) inISO 3166-1.In October 2007, it received the ISO 3166-1 code MF ( Alpha -2 code), MAF ( Alpha -3 code), and 663 (numeric code).[33]

There currently exists a movement in Saint Martin aiming forthe unification of island of Saint Martin,[34]which has its own flag.[35]

Demographics[edit]

Saint Martin had a population of 31,477 according to the January 2021 census,[4]which means apopulation densityof 592 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,530/sq mi). At the 2017 French census the population was 35,334[36](up from only 8,072 inhabitants at the 1982 census). The population decrease between 2017 and 2021 is largely due to the impact ofHurricane Irmawhich hit the island in early September 2017 and destroyed most of its infrastructure.

Most residents live on the coastal region in the towns ofMarigot(the capital),Grand-CaseandQuartier-d'Orleans.[6]Most residents are of black or mixed Creole ancestry, with smaller numbers of Europeans and Indians.[6]

Frenchis the official language of the territory.[6]Other languages spoken includeEnglish,Dutch,PapiamentoandSpanish.The Saint Martin dialect ofVirgin Islands Creole(based on English) is spoken in informal situations on both the French and Dutch sides of the island.[37]The sizable Haitian community (7,000 in 2000) also usesHaitian Creole.[38]

The main religions areRoman Catholicism,Jehovah's Witnesses,variousProtestantdenominations,HinduismandIslam.[6]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18853,400—
19543,366−0.01%
19614,502+4.08%
19675,061+1.96%
19746,191+2.92%
19828,072+3.65%
199028,518+17.05%
199929,078+0.22%
200735,925+2.74%
201235,742−0.10%
201735,334−0.23%
202131,477−2.85%
Official figures from French censuses. Census date for censuses after 1999 is 1 January.

Structure of the population[edit]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Provisional):[39]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 14 191 16 095 30 286 100
0–4 993 979 1 972 6.51
5–9 1 062 1 075 2 137 7.06
10–14 1 154 1 132 2 286 7.55
15–19 1 152 1 120 2 272 7.50
20–24 876 882 1 758 5.80
25–29 722 857 1 579 5.21
30–34 761 957 1 718 5.67
35–39 766 1 002 1 768 5.84
40–44 785 990 1 775 5.86
45–49 907 1 106 2 013 6.65
50–54 1 006 1 180 2 186 7.22
55–59 1 046 1 159 2 205 7.28
60–64 891 982 1 873 6.18
65–69 732 823 1 555 5.13
70–74 539 641 1 180 3.90
75–79 358 460 818 2.70
80–84 237 351 588 1.94
85–89 133 223 356 1.18
90–94 53 119 172 0.57
95–99 16 44 60 0.20
100+ 2 13 15 0.05
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 3 209 3 186 6 395 21.12
15–64 8 912 10 235 19 147 63.22
65+ 2 070 2 674 4 744 15.66

Education[edit]

The collectivity has the following public preschool, primary, and elementary schools:[40]

  • Preschools: Jean Anselme, Jérôme Beaupère, Elaine Clarke, Evelina Halley, Ghyslaine Rogers, Trott Simeone
  • Primary schools: Omer Arrondell, Émile Choisy, Nina Duverly, Elie Gibs, Aline Hanson, Émile Larmonnie, Marie-Amélie Ledee, Clair Saint-Maximin, Hervé Williams
  • École élémentaireM-Antoinette Richard

There are three junior high schools (collège) and one senior high school:[41]

Religion[edit]

The majority of the inhabitants of the island of St. Martin professChristianity,[42]and in the French part theCatholic Churchis the faith of the majority.[42]There are also other Christian groups and religions represented on the island.[quantify]

Mary Star of the Sea, a Catholic church inGrand-Case

The French territory of St. Martin is part of theDiocese of Basse-Terre and Pointe-à-Pitre(inLatin,Dioecesis Imae Tellurisand inFrench,Diocèse de Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre), attached to the organization of the Catholic Church inFrance.The diocese includes the territories ofGuadeloupe,St. Barthélemyand St. Martin. This diocese is part of the ecclesiastical province of Fort-de-France, in the ecclesiastical region of theAntilles,and has as neighbors to the northwest, the diocese of Saint John-Basseterre and to the southeast, theDiocese of Roseau.

About sixty priests are active in the diocese[42]and serve several churches, among them the Church of Saint Martin de Tours (Saint-Martin-de-Tours)[43]in Marigot, the Church of Mary Star of the Sea (Église de Marie Etoile de la Mer)[44]in Grand Case and the Church of Saint Martin in Quartier d'Orléans (Église de Saint-Martin).[45]

The episcopal see is located inBasse-Terre,city of Guadeloupe,[46]with thecathedral of Our Lady of Guadeloupeas the main or mother church, (cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Guadeloupe).

Economy[edit]

Main article:Economy of Saint Martin
Marigot in 2017 after Hurricane Irma, which severely impacted the tourism-dependent economy

As a part of France, the official currency of Saint Martin is theeuro,[6]though theUS dollaris also widely accepted. Tourism is the main economic activity – with over one million visitors annually some 85% of the population is employed in this sector.[6]The other major sector is the financial services industry.[6]Though limited, agriculture and fishing are also practiced, though these sectors are very small and most food is imported.[6]

INSEEestimated that thenominal GDPof Saint Martin amounted to 581.8 million euros in 2014 (US$771.9 million at 2014 exchanges rates; US$660.3 million at Feb. 2022 exchange rates).[5]In that same year thenominal GDP per capitaof Saint Martin was 16,572 euros (US$21,987 at 2014 exchanges rates; US$18,806 at Feb. 2022 exchange rates),[5]which was only half the GDP per capita ofmetropolitan Francein 2014, and 79% of Guadeloupe's GDP per capita.[47]In comparison, the nominal GDP per capita on the Dutch side of the island, Sint Maarten, was US$33,536 in 2014.[48]

Newspapers[edit]

The following newspapers are published in Saint Martin:

Transport[edit]

Passengers disembarking at Grand Case-Espérance Airport

Saint Martin has one airport,Grand Case-Espérance Airport,which provides flights toGuadeloupe,MartiniqueandSaint Barthélemy.[55][56]For international tourists, Saint Martin relies onPrincess Juliana International Airporton the Dutch side of the island.[7]

Sport[edit]

See also:Football in Saint Martin

Saint Martin has anational football team,and competes inCONCACAFcompetitions.[57]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Serge Gouteyron, nouveau préfet de Saint-Martin et de Saint-Barthélémy]".Outremers 360(in French). 25 December 2020.Retrieved16 August2022.
  2. ^"Louis Mussington becomes the 6th president of French Saint Martin on Sunday".SMX Island Time.3 April 2022.Retrieved16 August2022.
  3. ^abc"Mise à jour du plan de prévention des risques naturels de la collectivité territoriale de Saint-Martin"(PDF).Preferecture of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin(in French).Government of France.p. 14. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 10 April 2023.Retrieved21 February2022.
  4. ^abc"Décret n° 2023-1256 du 26 décembre 2023 authentifiant les chiffres des populations de métropole, des départements d'outre-mer de la Guadeloupe, de la Guyane, de la Martinique et de La Réunion, et des collectivités de Saint-Barthélemy, de Saint-Martin, et de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon".legifrance.gouv.fr(in French).Government of France.Retrieved27 December2023.
  5. ^abcd"Estimation of per capita GDP in Saint-Martin"(PDF).CEROM.INSEE.May 2018.Retrieved21 February2022.
  6. ^abcdefghijklmnopq"CIA World Factbook – Saint Martin".Retrieved24 July2019.
  7. ^abcd"Encyclopedia Britannica – Saint Martin".Retrieved24 July2019.
  8. ^abcdefghijklm"History of Saint Martin".Retrieved24 July2019.
  9. ^Hubbard, Vincent K. (2002).A History of St Kitts.MacMillan Caribbean. p.13.ISBN0333747607.
  10. ^Morison, Samuel Eliot (1974).The European Discovery of America, The Southern Voyages.Oxford University Press. pp.108-109.
  11. ^Caribbean: The Lesser AntillesKarl Luntta
  12. ^Henocq, Christophe (15 March 2010),"Concordia Treaty, 23rd March 1648",Heritage,6:13,retrieved17 September2018
  13. ^abDutch officials: Irma damaged or destroyed 70 percent of St. Maarten homes, leaving island vulnerable to Jose's approach.The Washington Post9 September 2017.[1]Accessed 9 September 2017
  14. ^Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017)."An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm".BioScience.67(6): 534–545.doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014.ISSN0006-3568.PMC5451287.PMID28608869.
  15. ^Hurricane Irma destroys '95%' of French part of St. Martin—official, Agence France-Presse 7 September 2017.[2]Accessed 9 September 2017
  16. ^Whelan, Robbie; Pop, Valentina (9 September 2017)."Looting Reported on Caribbean Island Struck by Hurricane Irma".The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved3 October2018.
  17. ^"Irma shatters Caribbean, drives toward Florida with Hurricane Jose in wake – the Globe and Mail".Archived fromthe originalon 8 September 2017.Retrieved10 September2017.
  18. ^"International News: Latest Headlines, Video and Photographs from Around the World -- People, Places, Crisis, Conflict, Culture, Change, Analysis and Trends".ABC News. Archived fromthe originalon 13 September 2017.Retrieved3 October2018.
  19. ^Hilary Clarke; Samantha Beech (11 September 2017)."European leaders step up Irma relief effort in Caribbean".CNN.Retrieved3 October2018.
  20. ^"In Irma's aftermath, Black residents of St. Martin complain France is evacuating white tourists first – The Star".Toronto Star.11 September 2017.Retrieved3 October2018.
  21. ^Staff and agencies (12 September 2017)."Emmanuel Macron pledges €50m to help Irma-ravaged Caribbean territories".The Guardian.Retrieved3 October2018.
  22. ^"Updated: Mapping what's open and closed in the Caribbean: Travel Weekly".travelweekly.Archived fromthe originalon 29 April 2018.Retrieved3 October2018.
  23. ^"French Caribbean voters reject change".Caribbean Net News. 9 December 2003. Archived fromthe originalon 18 March 2009.Retrieved9 February2007.However voters on the two tiny French dependencies of Saint-Barthelemy and Saint-Martin, which have been administratively attached to Guadeloupe, approved the referendum and are set to acquire the new status of "overseas collectivity".
  24. ^"Saint-Barth To Become An Overseas Collectivity"(PDF).St. Barth Weekly. 9 February 2007. p. 2.Retrieved9 February2007.
  25. ^NewMedia."Les élections du futur conseil territorial font débat – Politique – Ixprim News – NewMedia – Newmedia".newmedia-fr.info.Archived fromthe originalon 18 December 2009.
  26. ^See J. P. Thiellay,Droit des outre-mers,Paris:Dalloz, 2007.
  27. ^"Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 355".Official Journal of the European Union.7 June 2016.Retrieved19 August2016.
  28. ^"Louis-Constant Fleming démissionné par le conseil d'Etat"(in French). fxgpariscaraibe. 28 July 2008.Retrieved17 August2008.
  29. ^"Frantz Gumbs elected new president of Collectivité".The Daily Herald.8 August 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 8 July 2011.Retrieved17 August2008.Frantz Gumbs, formerly president of Union Pour le Progrès (UPP) party, swept into power as new president of the Collectivité at an extraordinary meeting of the Territorial Council on Thursday after winning the 23-councillor vote with a clear majority over Marthe Ogoundélé-Tessi.
  30. ^"The Daily Herald – New Domain Redirect".thedailyherald.Archived fromthe originalon 19 April 2009.
  31. ^"May 2009".rulers.org.
  32. ^Government of the French Republic (18 June 2018)."Décret du 18 juin 2018 portant nomination de la préfète déléguée auprès du représentant de l'Etat dans les collectivités de Saint-Barthélemy et de Saint-Martin – Mme DANIELO-FEUCHER (Sylvie)".legifrance.gouv.fr(in French).Retrieved24 April2020.
  33. ^ISO 3166-1 Newsletter.Assignment of code elements for Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin and update of France and other French Territories
  34. ^Badejo, Fabian Adekunle (25 December 2004)."The reunification of St. Martin: A pipe dream or an inevitable choice?".House of Nehesi Publishers.
  35. ^"12th anniversary of St. Martin's" Unity Flag "observed Saturday on Conscious Lyrics; students raise money for unity bumper stickers".House of Nehesi Publishers. 29 August 2002.
  36. ^"Populations légales 2017 des départements et collectivités d'outre-mer".INSEE(in French).Government of France.Retrieved29 January2021.
  37. ^Holm (1989)Pidgins and Creoles,vol. 2
  38. ^Klomp, Ank. "Saint Martin: Communal Identities on a Divided Caribbean Island." In: Niedermüller, Peter and Bjarne Stoklund (editors).Journal of European EthnologyVolume 30:2, 2000:Borders and Borderlands: An Anthropological Perspective.Museum Tusculanum Press,2000.ISBN8772896779,9788772896779. Start: p.73.CITED: p.80.
  39. ^"UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".unstats.un.org.Retrieved10 May2023.
  40. ^"LISTE DES ÉCOLES PUBLIQUES ET PRIVÉES SOUS CONTRAT."Académie de la Guadeloupe[fr].Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  41. ^"Établissements du 2nd degré PUBLIC 2017-2018Archived7 March 2018 at theWayback Machine."Académie de la Guadeloupe[fr].Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  42. ^abc"Basse-Terre".Église catholique en France(in French).Retrieved10 August2022.
  43. ^"Église de Saint Martin de Tours".GCatholic.Retrieved10 August2022.
  44. ^"Église de Marie Étoile de la Mer".GCatholic.Retrieved10 August2022.
  45. ^"Église de Saint-Martin".GCatholic.Retrieved10 August2022.
  46. ^"Diocèse de Guadeloupe"(in French).Retrieved10 August2022.
  47. ^"Produits intérieurs bruts régionaux et valeurs ajoutées régionales de 2000 à 2020".INSEE.Retrieved21 February2022.
  48. ^Total 2014 GDP of Sint Maarten ("GDP 2018 – Press Release"(PDF).Department of Statistics, Sint Maarten.Retrieved21 February2022.) divided by the number of inhabitants in 2014 ("Population Estimates and Vital Statistics 2021"(PDF).Retrieved21 February2022.), then converted fromNetherlands Antillean guldento US dollars at the 1.79 official peg.
  49. ^"Qui sommes nous?".lepelican-journal.Retrieved16 September2020.
  50. ^"Contact".Faxinfo.Retrieved16 September2020.
  51. ^"Contacter la rédaction de SXMINFO".Saint Martin Island | sxminfo.fr(in French). 2 June 2010.Retrieved16 September2020.
  52. ^"Mentions Légales".SoualigaPost(in French).Retrieved16 September2020.
  53. ^"Politique Editoriale retenue".Le St Martin's Week(in French).Retrieved16 September2020.
  54. ^"St. Martin News Network – Contact Us".smn-news.Retrieved16 September2020.
  55. ^"St. Martin Tourist Office – Coming to SXM by air or sea".St. Martin Tourist Office.Archived fromthe originalon 25 October 2007.
  56. ^"StBarthCommuter – L'Espérance Airport, Grand Case (SFG)".Archived fromthe originalon 22 September 2007.Retrieved24 July2019.
  57. ^"Saint Martin down Bonaire to clinch first-place, promotion".Concacaf.22 November 2023.Retrieved5 April2024.

External links[edit]

18°4′31″N63°3′36″W/ 18.07528°N 63.06000°W/18.07528; -63.06000

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