Salihiyya
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Salihiyya(Somali:Saalixiya; Urwayniya,Arabic:الصالحية) is aTariqa(order) ofSufi Islamprevalent inSomaliaand the adjacentSomaliregion of Ethiopia. It was founded in the Sudan by Sayyid Muhammad Salih (1854-1919). The order is characterized byfundementalism.
History[edit]
The order ultimately traces its origins back to the Sufi scholar of Moroccan originAhmad ibn Idris al-Fasi(1760-1837). His followers and students spreadal-Fasi's teachingsacross the globe. His nephew, Sayyid Muhammad Salih, was one of them; he spread the Idrisiyya to the Sudan and Somalia, establishing his own eponymous path, the Salihiyya.[1]A former slave, Muhammad Gulid (d. 1918), was instrumental in popularizing the Salihiyya in theJowharregion of Somalia, while Isma'il ibn Ishaq al-Urwayni spread it in theMiddle Jubaregion.[2]
The Salihiyya path which rejectsseeking intercessionfromSaintsin one'sinvocationof God, which it labels as Shirk[3]and is staunchly opposed to theQadiriyyaorder (which is the largest and longest-established in Somalia), taking issue with the Qadiri doctrine ofTawassul(intercession), while the Qadiriyya upheld the traditional Sufi belief in the power of intercession held bySaints.[3]The Salihiyya was also militantly anti-colonial.[4]Mohammed Abdullah Hassan,a Salihiyya shaykh and poet, spread the Salihiyya (particularly inOgaden) and led anarmed anticolonial resistance movementin the Horn of Africa under the auspices of the order.[5]
See also[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
- Scott Steven Reese:Urban Woes and Pious Remedies: Sufism in Nineteenth-Century Benaadir (Somalia).Africa Today, Vol. 46, No. 3–4, 1999, pp. 169–192.
Refernces[edit]
- ^B.W. Andrzejewski; I.M. Lewis (1994). "New Arabic Documents from Somalia".Sudanic Africa.5.Brill: 39–56.JSTOR25653242.
- ^J. Spencer Trimingham (1998).The Sufi Orders in Islam.Oxford University Press. p. 121.ISBN9780198028239.
- ^abI. M. Lewis (1998).Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society.The Red Sea Press. p. 37-38.ISBN9781569021033.
- ^Nehemia Levtzion; Randall Pouwels (2000).The History of Islam in Africa.Ohio University Press. p. 235.ISBN9780821444610.
- ^B. G. Martin (2003).Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa.Cambridge University Press. p. 179.ISBN9780521534512.