Sambalic languages
| Sambalic | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Sambal |
| Geographic distribution | Zambales,Bolinao,Anda,Infanta,Olongapo |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Proto-language | Proto-Sambalic |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | samb1319 |
TheSambalic languagesare a part of theCentral Luzonlanguage family spoken by theSambals,anethnolinguistic groupon the western coastal areas ofCentral Luzonand theZambalesmountain ranges.
Demographics[edit]
The largest Sambalic languages areSambal,Bolinao,andBotolanwith approximately 200,000, 105,000 and 72,000 speakers, respectively, based on the 2007 population statistics from the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).[1]These figures are the combined population of the municipalities where the language is spoken.
For the Sambali or Sambal ethnolinguistic subgrouping, the estimated number of speakers is based on the total population of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba municipalities of Zambales. For the Sambal Bolinao subgrouping, a projected number of speakers is taken from the combined populations of Anda and Bolinao municipalities of Pangasinan. The Sambal Botolan subgroup, on the other hand, takes the aggregated population of Botolan and Cabangan municipalities. The rest are smaller languages spoken almost exclusively within variousAetacommunities. In total, there are approximately 390,000 speakers of Sambalic languages. Speakers can also be found in other towns of Zambales not mentioned above:OlongapoCity, Bataan, Tarlac, and Metro Manila.
An estimated 6000 speakers can also be found inPanitian,Quezon, Palawanand Puerto Princesa City. The language is also spoken by many Filipino immigrants in the U.S. and Canada.In Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, for instance, the language is spoken by a clan of Zambals. In Casino Nova Scotia in the Maritimes city of Halifax, a group of Sambals can be found running the card games. Community organizations of Sambal-speaking Filipino-Americans are found in San Diego and San Francisco, California as well as in Hawaii.[citation needed]
Internal classification[edit]
Roger Stone (2008) classifies the Sambalic languages as follows.[2]
AytaMagbukunwas not included in Stone's (2008) classification.
External relationships[edit]
The Sambalic languages are most closely related toKapampanganand to an archaic form ofTagalogstill spoken inTanayin the province ofRizal.This has been interpreted to mean thatSambal-speakershad once inhabited that area, later being displaced by migratingTagalog-speakers,pushing the original inhabitants northward to what is now the province of Zambales,[3]in turn, displacing theAetas.In Zambales, Sambal speakers were almost displaced by Tagalog settlers once again who migrated along with Ilocano settlers to repopulate the less-populated Zambales valley, leading to the assimilation of Sambals to the Tagalog and Ilocano settlers and to the modern decline of Sambal cultural identity & language.[4][5][6]There is also a possible relationship between these Sambalic language speakers and the population of the island provinces of Marinduque and Romblon based on commonalities in some traditions and practices.
Speakers[edit]
Sambal(Spanish:Zambal) is the common collective name for all Sambalic-language speakers. It is also the term referring to the Sambalic language subgrouping in northern municipalities of Zambales, which comprises the majority of Sambals or more than 50 percent (200,000) of all Sambalic languages speakers (390,000). Sambal may also refer to the inhabitants of Zambales as a whole and the residents of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan.
Sample text[edit]
Below are translations in Bolinao, Botolan, and Sambal of the Philippine national proverb[7]"He/She who does not acknowledge his/her beginnings will not reach his/her destination", along with the original inTagalog.
| Language | Translation |
|---|---|
| Tagalog | Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan. |
| English | He (She) who does not know how to look back at his (her) origin will not arrive at his destination. |
| Bolinao | Si [tawon] kai magtanda’ lumingap sa ibwatan [na], kai ya mirate’ sa keen [na]. |
| Botolan | Hay ahe nin nanlek ha pinag-ibatan, ay ahe makarateng ha lalakwen. |
| Sambal | Hiyay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinag'ibatan, kay 'ya maka'lato ha ampako'tawan. |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^"PSGC Interactive, Zambales".National Statistical Coordination Board.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-06-04.Retrieved2011-05-11.
- ^Stone 2008
- ^"Sambal".National Commission for Culture and the Arts.Archived fromthe originalon 2008-01-21.
- ^Reed, William Allan (1904).Negritos of Zambales.Bureau of Public Printing, U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 24–29.
- ^The Historical Indúng Kapampángan: Evidence from History and Place Names
- ^Zambales Province, Home Province of Subic Bay and Mt. Pinatubo
- ^"National Philippine Proverb in Various Philippine Languages".Carl Rubino's homepage.
Bibliography[edit]
- Stone, Roger (2008)."The Sambalic Languages of Central Luzon".Studies in Philippine Languages and Cultures.19:158–183.