Samuel Osgood

For the 19th century portrait artist, seeSamuel Stillman Osgood.

Samuel Osgood
4thUnited States Postmaster General
In office September 26, 1789 – August 12, 1791
President	George Washington
Preceded by	Ebenezer Hazard
Succeeded by	Timothy Pickering
Personal details
Born	(1747-02-03)February 3, 1747 Andover, Massachusetts,British America (nowNorth Andover)
Died	August 12, 1813(1813-08-12)(aged 66) New York City,U.S.
Political party	Federalist
Spouse(s)	Martha Brandon (1775–1778) Maria Bowne Franklin (1786–1813)
Children	6
Relatives	Vanderbilt family
Education	Harvard University(BA)

Samuel Osgood(February 3, 1747 – August 12, 1813) was an American merchant and statesman born inAndover, Massachusetts,currently a part ofNorth Andover, Massachusetts.His family home still stands at440 Osgood Streetin North Andover and his home in New York City, theSamuel Osgood House,served as the country's firstPresidential mansion.He served in theMassachusettsandNew York Statelegislatures, represented Massachusetts in theContinental Congressand was the fourthPostmaster General of the United States(the first under the current Constitution), serving duringGeorge Washington's first term.

In 1812, he was elected the first president of the newly formed City Bank of New York, which later becameCitibank,predecessor of today's Citigroup.

Early life

John Osgood came to Massachusetts fromAndoverin England in 1638. In 1646 he started a new settlement there and named it Andover for his home town. Four generations later, Captain Peter Osgood lived there and in 1747 he had a third son whom he named Samuel.

Samuel attended Dummer Academy (nowThe Governor's Academy), and thenHarvard College,where he studied theology and graduated in 1770. Later, he returned to Andover to follow a mercantile career. He joined the local militia, was elected to represent the town in thecolonial assembly,and in 1775 to theprovincial congressthat functioned as a revolutionary government.

The Revolution

Osgood led a local company of minutemen into theBattle of Le xing ton and Concordin the spring of 1775.They followed the retreating British, and became part of theSiege of Boston.As more troops assembled, he was made Major of a brigade while serving atCambridge.He became an aide to GeneralArtemas Ward,and was promoted to Colonel. When the siege succeeded in the spring of 1776 Osgood left the army and returned to the provincial congress.

The Provincial Congress named Osgood to the Massachusetts Board of War and he served there until 1780 when the government was reorganized. He was a delegate to the state's constitutional convention in 1779-1780. Under the new Constitution he was elected to theMassachusetts State Senatein 1780 and served two terms. The new government named Osgood as one of their delegates to theContinental Congressand he served there from 1782 until 1784.

After a brief term in theMassachusetts House of Representativesin 1784, the governor appointed Osgood a judge in 1785 but he soon resigned when the National Congress made him a commissioner of the Treasury later that year. He moved toNew York Cityto take up this office, which he held until the Congressional Government ended.

Postmaster General and New York career

When a new U.S. government was installed in 1789,President Washingtonappointed Osgood the firstPostmaster Generalunder the newU.S. Constitution,replacingEbenezer Hazardwho was commissioned postmaster of the city of New York by the Continental Congress.Osgood served as Postmaster from 1789 to 1791.One of the first things Osgood would do is make the Post Office in Baltimore the new regional headquarters, whose postmaster wasMary Katherine Goddard.Osgood ordered Goddard to resign from her post and was replaced by John White.

The seat of the Federal Government at that time was in New York City and the official residence of the President was located at theSamuel Osgood Houseat 1 Cherry Street, which was the home of Samuel Osgood and his family. Osgood offered the mansion to Washington so that the President and his wife would have what was then considered the finest house in the city as their home. The residence thus became America's first executive mansion.

When the Federal Government moved toPhiladelphiafor a ten-year period before finally settling inWashington, D.C.,Osgood chose to remain in New York and resigned his post in 1791. Osgood was apresidential electorin1792,and cast his votes forGeorge WashingtonandGeorge Clinton.

He was a member of theNew York State Assemblyin1800-01and1802,and wasSpeakerin 1800-01. In 1803, he was appointed by PresidentThomas Jeffersonas Naval Officer of the Port of New York, a position he held until his death. For the last year of his life, he was president of the new City Bank of New York.

Osgood was a member of theAmerican Philosophical Society,and in his later years devoted time to writing and study. He had an extensive correspondence with George Washington and Thomas Jefferson among others.

Personal life

On January 4, 1775, Osgood married Martha Brandon, who died in 1778. On May 24, 1786, Osgood married Maria Bowne (1754–1813), widow of Walter Franklin and mother of Maria Franklin Clinton, first wife of New York GovernorDeWitt Clinton.They had a daughter named Martha Brandon Osgood, who married diplomatEdmond-Charles Genêt. Osgood's brother, Isaac, married Sarah Pickman (1772–1791) on October 12, 1790; following her death, he married her sister, Rebecca Taylor Pickman (1775–1801), on December 8, 1794. They had a son, Isaac Osgood Jr., whose daughter Charlotte marriedMoses T. Stevens,and a daughter, Sally Pickman Osgood, who married Bailey Loring and had a son,George B. Loring.Thirdly, Isaac married Mary Pickman in 1802, the cousin of his first two wives. His first two wives were cousins of, and his third wife a sister of,Benjamin Pickman.

Death

Osgood died in New York City in 1813.

His birthplaceinNorth Andover, Massachusetts,is located on a street named for his family, and is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places,as is his New York residence. Col. Osgood's portrait has been housed in the President's Room of theU.S. CapitolsinceLincoln'spresidency.

Further reading

• Samuel Osgood (April 1889). Mrs. William C. Eddy (granddaughter) (ed.)."Sketch of the Life of Samuel Osgood".The Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries.21(4): 324–8.

External links

• United States Congress."Samuel Osgood (id: O000116)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Samuel OsgoodatFind a Grave