Sara Roosevelt
Sara Delano Roosevelt | |
|---|---|
 Roosevelt in 1937 | |
| Born | Sara Ann Delano September 21, 1854 Newburgh, New York,U.S. |
| Died | September 7, 1941(aged 86) Hyde Park, New York,U.S. |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Parent(s) | Warren Delano Jr. Catherine Robbins Lyman |
| Relatives | Delano family Roosevelt family |
Sara Ann Roosevelt(néeDelano;September 21, 1854 – September 7, 1941) was the second wife ofJames Roosevelt I(from 1880), the mother ofPresident of the United StatesFranklin Delano Roosevelt,her only child, and subsequently the mother-in-law ofEleanor Roosevelt.
Delano grew up inNewburgh, New York,and spent three years inHong Kong.She gave birth to Franklin in 1882, and was a devoted mother to him for the remainder of her life, including home-schooling and living close by in adulthood. She had a complex relationship with her daughter-in-law Eleanor, which has led to media portrayals of her as a domineering and fearsome mother-in-law, though these are at odds with other views. She died in 1941, with her son, then the President, at her side.
Childhood[edit]
Sara Delano was born at the Delano Estate in the town ofNewburgh, New York,toWarren Delano Jr.and Catherine Robbins Lyman. She had ten siblings, two of whom died as small children. Three more died in their twenties.
In 1862, Sara, her mother Catherine, and six brothers and sisters traveled toHong Kong[1]on the clipper shipSurprise,where they joined Warren Delano who had resumed his business of trading inopium,then still legal.[2] On board ship, Sara enjoyed spending time in the sailmaker's loft listening to the sailmaker tellsea stories.Her brotherFreddiscovered Catherine's journal of the voyage many years later, in 1928.[3]In 1865, she moved with her family back to Newburgh. She waseducated at home,aside from a brief period in a girls' school inDresden,Germany in 1876.[1]
Delano was described as 5'10 "(178 cm),[4]and an intelligentdebutantebeauty in her youth. She was also known for her sense of purpose that many young women of her age and class lacked at the time.[1]
Family[edit]
After many suitors, Sara marriedJames Roosevelt I,who was 26 years her senior, in 1880. Two years later, she gave birth to a son,Franklin Delano Roosevelt,on January 30, 1882.[5]After the birth of her son, doctors advised Sara not to have any more children, and thus the young Franklin became the focus of her attention.[6][1]Many wealthy parents of this time relied on servants to care for their children, but not Sara.[1]She taught Franklin reading and geography, and employed tutors rather than sending him to a conventional school.[7]After the death of her husband in 1900, she temporarily moved toBoston, Massachusettsto be close to her son who was then studying atHarvard University.[1]
Sara did not approve of many of the women that her son courted. When Franklin fell in love with his distant cousin,Eleanor Roosevelt,Sara was determined to change his mind. She tried to coerce him out of the engagement, but with no luck, she insisted that her son keep his arrangement a secret for over a year. Sara was heavily involved in the lives of Eleanor and Franklin's children. She often offered advice on how to raise them, and frequently undermined the couple's disciplinary skills by spoiling her grandchildren. Eleanor often relied on Sara's direction to make her feel more secure in her role of being a mother.[1]
Though Sara became known popularly as a stereotypical domineering mother-in-law after being portrayed as such in the filmSunrise at Campobello,her actual relationship with Eleanor was much more complex. The pair grew close during the early years of the marriage as Eleanor's mother had died when she was young, and she used Sara as a surrogate mother to discuss issues. Sara supported Eleanor after she discovered Franklin's affair withLucy Mercer,which put the marriage close to collapse. However, the relationship began to be more distant after Eleanor became more heavily involved in politics and activism.[8]
Franklin Roosevelt never had a home of his own that was separate from his mother's prior to her death.[1]In 1906, Sara Roosevelt commissioned a pair of houses to be built at E 65 Street,New York City,as a wedding present for Franklin and his wife,Eleanor,on the strict condition that she could move in next to them. She oversaw a series of connecting doors between the houses, allowing her access to the drawing room and children's bedrooms in the neighboring property. Her son and daughter-in-law moved out after Franklin took office in theWhite Housein 1933.[9]
She lived to see Franklin electedPresident of the United Statesthree times, becoming the first presidential mother to vote for her son. Sara continued to support her son's career, even standing in as First Lady on several occasions. She was always prepared to say something positive about her son, and remained highly protective of him and his family.[citation needed]
Death[edit]
Sara Delano Roosevelt died on September 7, 1941, with the President at her side, at age 86.[10][11] "Minutes after her death, the largest oak tree at Hyde Park toppled to the ground. It was a clear windless day."[12]
The funeral was held at Springwood. The President can be seen wearing a black mourning band on his arm in photographs of him later signing the declaration of war against Japan. His mother's memory is commemorated with theSara Delano Roosevelt ParkinNew York City'sLower East Side,which was dedicated during her lifetime, in 1934. She was buried next to her husband in the churchyard atSt. James Episcopal Churchin Hyde Park.
In 2003, theCity University of New Yorkannounced they would restore Roosevelt's former home, now known as theSara Delano Roosevelt Memorial House,on 47 East 65th Street, where she lived from 1908 until her death.[9][13]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Citations
- ^abcdefgh"Sara Delano Roosevelt (1854–1941)".Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt Project.George Washington University.RetrievedMarch 21,2015.
- ^Brands, H. W. (2008).Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.New York, NY: Doubleday. p. 17.ISBN978-0-385-51958-8.
- ^ Butow, R. J. C.(1999)."A Notable Passage to China, Myth and Memory in FDR's Family History".Prologue Magazine.31(3). Washington, DC: The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.RetrievedJune 11,2010.
- ^Gullan 2001,p. 192.
- ^Gullan 2001,p. 195.
- ^Gullan 2001,p. 191.
- ^Gullan 2001,p. 197.
- ^"Question: What was ER's relationship with Sara Delano Roosevelt?".The Eleanor Roosevelt Project.George Washington University.RetrievedMarch 21,2015.
- ^ab"Fi xing Monument To Mother-in-Law; Sara Delano Roosevelt Ruled Home of Franklin and Eleanor".New York Times.March 18, 2003.RetrievedMarch 20,2015.
- ^Gullan 2001,p. 205.
- ^"National Affairs: Death of a Lady",Time,September 15, 1941, archived fromthe originalon October 11, 2008,retrievedDecember 17,2009
- ^The American Experience: FDR(Part IV; "The Juggler" 1940–1945) (1994), Written & Directed byDavid Grubin)
- ^Dunford, Martin; Holland, Jack (2002).The Rough Guide to New York City.p.190.ISBN978-1-858-28869-7.
Sources
- Gullan, Harold (2001).Faith of Our Mothers: The Stories of Presidential Mothers from Mary Washington to Barbara Bush.Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.ISBN978-0-802-84926-7.
Further reading
- Pottker, Jan (2014).Sara and Eleanor: The Story of Sara Delano Roosevelt and Her Daughter-in-Law, Eleanor Roosevelt.St. Martin's Press.ISBN978-1-466-86451-1.
External links[edit]
- China voyage of young Sara Delano Roosevelt on clipper shipSurprisewith six siblings
- The President wearing a mourning band after his mother's death, December 10, 1941:http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/images/decwars.jpg
