Saturn INT-21 - Wikipedia

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Saturn INT-21
Size
The Saturn INT-21 would have been similar to the Saturn V which launched theSkylabspace station, on May 14, 1973
Function	Launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Boeing(S-IC) North American(S-II)
Country of origin	United States
Height	98.5 m (323 ft) (without payload)
Diameter	10.06 m (33.0 ft)
Mass	2,916,080 kg (6,428,860 lb)
Stages	2
Capacity
Payload toLEO
Mass	115,900 kg (255,500 lb)

Launch history
Status	Study
Launch sites	LC-39A,Kennedy Space Center
Total launches	0
First stage -S-IC
Engines	5Rocketdyne F-1
Thrust	34.02 MN (7,650,000 lb_f)
Burn time	150 seconds
Propellant	RP-1/LOX
Second stageS-II
Engines	5Rocketdyne J-2
Thrust	5 MN (1,100,000 lb_f)
Burn time	360 seconds
Propellant	LH₂/LOX
[edit on Wikidata]

TheSaturn INT-21was a study for an Americanorbital launch vehicleof the 1970s.^[1]It was derived from theSaturn V rocketused for theApollo program,using itsfirstandsecondstages and capable of placing 115,900 kg (255,500 lb) toLEO,but lacking thethirdstage.^[2]Theguidance unitwould be moved from the top of the third stage to the top of the second stage. The INT-21 was never flown.

A related variant was launched once, from theKennedy Space Center,Floridacarrying theSkylab space stationinto orbit, at 17:30UTC,on May 14, 1973.^[3]^[4]^[5]AsSkylabwas built from an S-IVB stage, there was no need to move the guidance unit. This version was intended to be used for other flights in theApollo Applications Program,and would have also been used to launch other American space stations,^[5]includingSkylab B.

References

[edit]

^Johnson, Kurt P.; Holl, Richard J. (June 1970)."Nuclear Shuttle for Interorbital and Transplanetary Applications".Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets.8(6): 600–606.Bibcode:1971JSpRo...8..600J.doi:10.2514/3.59699.ISSN 0022-4650.
^Wade, Mark (2019)."Saturn INT-21".Encyclopedia Astronautica.RetrievedJanuary 18,2024.
^Young, Anthony (February 19, 2019).The Saturn V F-1 Engine: Powering Apollo into History.Springer. p. 245.ISBN 978-0-387-09630-8.
^Rumerman, Judy (August 27, 2009)."Spaceflight:Skylab".Centennial of Flight Commission.Archived fromthe originalon August 27, 2009.RetrievedJanuary 18,2024.
^^a ^bSpace station MSFC-DPD-235/DR no. CM-02 specification, space station project (modular)(Technical report).McDonnell Douglas&NASA.December 10, 1971. 19720008134.Archivedfrom the original on April 9, 2024 – via NASA Technical Reports Server.

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased RS1^† Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega original C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 12 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol^†indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

v t e Orbital launch systemsdeveloped in the United States
Active	Atlas V**^†† Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Minotaur I IV V C Pegasus XL RS1^† SLS Block 1 Vulcan Centaur
In development	Antares 330 Daytona I MLV New Glenn Neutron Nova Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Starship Terran R
Retired	Antares 110/120/130/230/230+^††† Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" H-I* Juno I Juno II LauncherOne N-I* N-II* Pilot Rocket 3 Saturn I IB V Scout Space Shuttle SPARK Sparta Terran 1 Thor Able Ablestar Agena Burner Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Vanguard
* - Japanese projects using US rockets or stages ** - uses Russian engines ^†- never succeeded ^††- no new orders accepted ^†††- used Ukrainian first stage

v t e Saturn launch vehicle family
Early proposals	Juno V Saturn A-1 A-2 B-1
"C" series	Saturn C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-5N C-8
Saturn I series	Saturn I IB IB-CE IB-A IB-B IB-C IB-D INT-05 INT-11 INT-12 INT-13 INT-14 INT-15 INT-16 INT-27 LCB
Saturn II series	Saturn II INT-17 INT-18 INT-19
Saturn V series	Saturn V MLV V ELV INT-20 INT-21 INT-23 INT-24 INT-25 Saturn-Shuttle Saturn V-3 V-A V-B V-C V-D V-Centaur Jarvis

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References