Saturn INT-21
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(October 2008) |
![]() The Saturn INT-21 would have been similar to the Saturn V which launched theSkylabspace station, on May 14, 1973 | |
Function | Launch vehicle |
---|---|
Manufacturer | |
Country of origin | United States |
Size | |
Height | 98.5 m (323 ft) (without payload) |
Diameter | 10.06 m (33.0 ft) |
Mass | 2,916,080 kg (6,428,860 lb) |
Stages | 2 |
Capacity | |
Payload toLEO | |
Mass | 115,900 kg (255,500 lb) |
Launch history | |
Status | Study |
Launch sites | LC-39A,Kennedy Space Center |
Total launches | 0 |
First stage -S-IC | |
Engines | 5RocketdyneF-1 |
Thrust | 34.02 MN (7,650,000 lbf) |
Burn time | 150 seconds |
Propellant | RP-1/LOX |
Second stageS-II | |
Engines | 5RocketdyneJ-2 |
Thrust | 5 MN (1,100,000 lbf) |
Burn time | 360 seconds |
Propellant | LH2/LOX |
TheSaturn INT-21was a study for an Americanorbitallaunch vehicleof the 1970s.[1]It was derived from theSaturn Vrocketused for theApollo program,using itsfirstandsecondstages and capable of placing 115,900 kg (255,500 lb) toLEO,but lacking thethirdstage.[2]Theguidance unitwould be moved from the top of the third stage to the top of the second stage. The INT-21 was never flown.
A related variant was launched once, from theKennedy Space Center,Floridacarrying theSkylabspace stationinto orbit, at 17:30UTC,on May 14, 1973.[3][4][5]AsSkylabwas built from an S-IVB stage, there was no need to move the guidance unit. This version was intended to be used for other flights in theApollo Applications Program,and would have also been used to launch other American space stations,[5]includingSkylab B.
See also
[edit]- Comparison of orbital launch systems
- Apollo program
- Saturn I
- Saturn IB
- Saturn V
- Skylab
- Apollo Applications Program
- S-IC
- S-II
- Saturn I SA-1
References
[edit]- ^Johnson, Kurt P.; Holl, Richard J. (June 1970)."Nuclear Shuttle for Interorbital and Transplanetary Applications".Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets.8(6): 600–606.Bibcode:1971JSpRo...8..600J.doi:10.2514/3.59699.ISSN0022-4650.
- ^Wade, Mark (2019)."Saturn INT-21".Encyclopedia Astronautica.RetrievedJanuary 18,2024.
- ^Young, Anthony (February 19, 2019).The Saturn V F-1 Engine: Powering Apollo into History.Springer. p. 245.ISBN978-0-387-09630-8.
- ^Rumerman, Judy (August 27, 2009)."Spaceflight:Skylab".Centennial of Flight Commission.Archived fromthe originalon August 27, 2009.RetrievedJanuary 18,2024.
- ^abSpace station MSFC-DPD-235/DR no. CM-02 specification, space station project (modular)(Technical report).McDonnell Douglas&NASA.December 10, 1971. 19720008134.Archivedfrom the original on April 9, 2024 – via NASA Technical Reports Server.