Secularism in Iraq
Secularismin modernIraqdates back to the14 July Revolutionof 1958 which overthrew theKingdom of Iraq'sHashemite dynastyand established theIraqi Republic.[1]Islamis the official state religion of Iraq, but the constitution, guarantees freedom of religious belief and practices forMuslims,Christians,YazidisandSabean-Mandaeans.[2]
The secularIraqi Communist Partywas the country's largest movement between the 1940s and 1960s, and was founded by activists from different backgrounds.[3]
Since the2003 invasion of Iraq,Iraqi society has experienced crises in its transition from a strong centralized state under the secularBaʿth Partyto a state dominated by Shia Islamist parties.[4]In particularsectarian violenceincreased dramatically.[5]In 2006,OpenDemocracyreported that the regime change had damaged the secularism ofBa'athist Iraq.[6]The emergence of theIslamic State of Iraqpresented a challenge to secularism.[7]
Since the end of theWar in Iraq,secularism has grown in the country.[8]A poll released in 2011 recorded that 67% of the population answered that they believe in God.[9]In 2010, it was reported that Iraq was moving towards secularism.[10]The growth of a secular, non-sectarian middle class has been seen.[11]
Secular political parties[edit]
- Civil Democratic Alliance
- Civilized Alliance
- Emtidad Movement
- Gorran Movement
- Iraq Freedom Congress
- Iraqi Communist Party
- Iraqi National Accord
- Iraqi National Congress
- Iraqi National Movement
- National Democratic Party
- Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq
- People's Party
- People's Union
- Progress Party
- Reconciliation and Liberation Bloc
References[edit]
- ^Council, Atlantic (2016-09-14)."The Future of Secularism in Iraq".Atlantic Council.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^"2.14. Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy".European Union Agency for Asylum.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^Ramadani, Sami (2014-06-16)."The sectarian myth of Iraq".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^Jordan, David (24 August 2023)."State and Religion in Iraq: The Sufi Insurgency of the Former Baʿth Regime in Historical Context".International Journal of Middle East Studies.55(2): 344–352.doi:10.1017/S0020743823000818.ISSN0020-7438.
- ^"Tracing the Rise of Sectarianism in Iraq after 2003".Middle East Centre.2018-09-13.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^Al-Ali, Zaid (17 May 2005)."The end of secularism in Iraq".Open Democracy.
- ^"The Secular Roots of a Religious Divide in Contemporary Iraq | Origins".origins.osu.edu.2015-09-10.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^Su, Alice (2018-07-05)."The Rise of Iraq's Young Secularists".The Atlantic.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^"2.14. Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy".European Union Agency for Asylum.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^Chatriwala, Omar."'Secular Iraq regaining support'".Al Jazeera.Retrieved2024-06-06.
- ^"Iraq's Secular Opposition: The Rise and Decline of Al-Iraqiya | Crisis Group".crisisgroup.org.2012-07-31.Retrieved2024-06-06.
