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Senecioneae

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Senecioneae
Lopholaena coriifolia
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Senecioneae
Cass.
Genera

See text

Senecioneaeis the largesttribeof theAsteraceae,or the sunflower family, comprising over 150 genera and over 3,500 species.[1]Almost one-third of the species in this tribe are placed in thegenusSenecio.[2]Its members exhibit probably the widest possible range of form to be found in the entire plant kingdom, and includeannuals,minute creepingalpines,herbaceousandevergreenperennials,shrubs,climbers,succulents,trees,and semi-aquatic plants.[3]

Plants in this tribe are responsible for more livestock poisonings than all other plants combined.[4]Its members usually contain liver and kidney toxic and carcinogenic unsaturatedpyrrolizidine alkaloidsinSenecio[4]andfuranoeremophilanesinTetradymia.[3]

A number of species are well known inhorticulture.[3]

Classification

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Since the time ofBentham,the "premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century",[5] considerable efforts have been made to classify and understand the strikingmorphologicaldiversity in the Senecioneae.[2] The traditional view of the tribe has been that of one huge genusSenecioplus many other genera which exhibit varying degrees of distinctiveness.[5] Circumscription and delimitation of the tribe have experienced expansions and contractions over the decades as genera and groups of genera have been moved in and out,[3] as was the case forArnica,Liabum,Munnozia,Schistocarpha,etc. which have since then been excluded.[5] Of the several potential causes for this constant redefinition the greatest is probably that little is known about itsintergeneric relationshipsor a lack ofphylogeneticunderstanding enhanced by the other problems of conflicting clues from morphological characters, the large size of the tribe, the absence of a precise delimitation or circumscription ofSenecio[2]and the naturalness of these assemblages combined with the imprecise boundaries of the different species themselves.[5]

Many segregate genera have been recognized in recent studies, often with circumscriptions derived from selected representative species. Whether the recognition of numerous segregate genera provides a better taxonomy than treating the variation patterns asinfrageneric taxais yet unclear. A respectable case can be made for maintainingSenecioas a broad concept, at least until revisionary studies at the species level are carried out and the results subjected to critical analyses.[5] Most genera that have been removed from the Senecioneae in the broadest sense have come to rest within theLiabeaeor within a broadly circumscribedHeliantheae(e.g., allies in theArnicinae,Chaenactidinae,orMadiinae;Haploesthesin theFlaveriinae;andRaillardellaand allies in theMadiinae). Additional information may be found inB. G. Baldwinet al. (2002),H. Robinson(1981),B. Nordenstam(1977–1978) andK. Bremer(1994).[3]

Genera

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Senecioneae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of October 2022:[1]

References

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  1. ^abCompositae Working Group (CWG) (2023)."Senecioneae Cass."Global Compositae Database.Retrieved2023-06-03.
  2. ^abcPelser, Pieter B; Nordenstam, Bertil; Kadereit, Joachim W.; Watson, Linda E. (November 2007). "An ITS phylogeny of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and a new delimitation ofSenecioL. ".Taxon.56(4).International Association for Plant Taxonomy(IAPT): 1077–14E(–1062).doi:10.2307/25065905.JSTOR25065905.
  3. ^abcdeBarkley, T.M.;Brouillet, L.;Strother, J.L. (2006)."Senecioneae".In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA).Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Retrieved2008-04-14– via eFloras.org,Missouri Botanical Garden,St. Louis, MO &Harvard University Herbaria,Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^abPieter B. Pelser, Barbara Gravendeel and Ruud van der Meijden (2002)."Tackling speciose genera: species composition and phylogenetic position of Senecio sect. Jacobaea (Asteraceae) based onplastid and nrDNA sequences".American Journal of Botany.89(6): 929–939.doi:10.3732/ajb.89.6.929.PMID21665692.
  5. ^abcdeBarkley, T. M. (February 1985). "Generic Boundaries in the Senecioneae".Taxon.34(1).International Association for Plant Taxonomy(IAPT): 17–21.doi:10.2307/1221558.JSTOR1221558.
  6. ^Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander N.; Zeil-Rolfe, Isabel; Lepschi, Brendan & Gooden, Ben (2020). "Expansion ofLordhowea,and a new genus for scapose, alpine Australian species of Senecioneae (Asteraceae) ".Taxon.69(4): 756–777.doi:10.1002/tax.12321.
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