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Senior Bowl

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For other uses, seeSenior Bowl (disambiguation).

Senior Bowl
Reese's Senior Bowl
StadiumHancock Whitney Stadium
LocationMobile, Alabama
Previous stadiumsGator Bowl Stadium(1950)
Ladd–Peebles Stadium(1951–2020)
Previous locationsJacksonville, Florida(1950)
Operated1950–present
Sponsors
Delchamps(1996–2001)
Food World(2002–2006)
Under Armour(2007–2011)
Nike(2012–2013)
Reese's(2014–present)
2023 matchup
National vs. American (National 27–10)
2024 matchup
National vs. American (National 16–7)

TheSenior Bowlis a post-seasoncollege footballall-star game played annually in late January or early February inMobile, Alabama,which showcases the bestNFL Draftprospects of those players who have completed their college eligibility. Produced by the non-profit Mobile Arts & Sports Association,[1]the game is also a charitablefund-raiser,benefiting various local and regional organizations with over US$7.8 million in donations over its history.[2]The game is sponsored byReese's,a brand ofThe Hershey Company,and is televised by theNFL Network.

History

[edit]
Otto Grahamcoached in the 1967 game.
Jon Grudenhas coached in four games.

The1950 Senior Bowl,the inaugural edition, was played atGator Bowl StadiuminJacksonville, Florida;the game then moved to Mobile'sLadd–Peebles Stadiumthe next year, where it remained through the2020 edition.Starting with the2021 edition,the game is played atHancock Whitney Stadiumon the campus of theUniversity of South Alabama,also in Mobile.[3]

Historically, the Senior Bowl was the first chance its participants had to openly receive pay for participation in an athletic event. Players in the inaugural 1950 game each received $343 (if on the losing team) or $475 (if on the winning team);[4]by 1975, the amounts had been increased to $1,250 and $1,500.[5]The 1988 edition was the last time players were paid ($1,500 and $1,750).[6]This was one reason that participation was limited to seniors whose eligibility for further participation in college football had expired. Athletes who wished to play spring collegiate sports, such ascollege baseball,or otherwise remain eligible foramateur sports,had to avoid participation in the Senior Bowl.

The game has consistently been played on a Saturday in January, with the exception of 1976, when it was held on a Sunday. The scheduling date within January has varied – the earliest playing has been January 3 (1953 and 1959), while the latest playing prior to the 2022 edition has been January 30 (2010 and 2016). Since 1967, it has been traditionally set for the week before theNFL'sSuper Bowl(which itself is now played in February). It is usually scheduled as the final game of the college football season, although for a period during the 1980s and 1990s, it was the next-to-the-last game, followed a week later by either theHula Bowlor theGridiron Classic.From 2007 through 2011, and also in 2013, the Senior Bowl was again the penultimate game, followed by theTexas vs The Nationgame a week later. In 2020, the revived Hula Bowl was played the day after the Senior Bowl.

CBSacquired national television coverage rights to the 1952 through 1954 games,[7]though they never televised the games nationally under those rights. The first nationally televised Senior Bowl was in 1958 byNBC,and the games have been televised every year since.[8][9][10]To commemorate the occasion and the publicity that the televising of the Senior Bowl would draw to the state of Alabama, Gov.James E. Folsomcommissioned each player in the 1958 game as Honorary Admirals in the Alabama State Navy, as well as Senior Bowl founder Jimmy Pearre, North squad coach Joe Kuharich, South squad coach Paul Brown, and South squad past-coach Steve Owens; announcers for the televised event, Red Grange and Lindsey Nelson, were commissioned Honorary Colonels in the Alabama State Militia.[11]ESPN televised the game as early as 1982,[12]continuing until the game moved to theNFL Networkstarting with the 2007 edition.[13]

Sponsors of the game have includedDelchamps,a supermarket chain headquartered in Mobile;Food World,a supermarket chain headquartered inBirmingham;Under Armour;andNike, Inc.Starting with the 2014 game,Reese'stook over sponsorship.[14]In January 2018, Reese's announced that they were extending their sponsorship of the game through at least the 2020 edition.[15]

In March 2020, the Senior Bowl registered "The draft starts in Mobile" as aservice mark.[16]In October 2020,Panini Americaentered a multi-year agreement to producetrading cardsfor Senior Bowl players.[17]

Game format

[edit]

For most editions of the Senior Bowl, players have been rostered into North and South teams. In 1991, team names were changed toAFCandNFC,[18]to distinguish where their coaching staffs were from and to stress the professional nature of the game. This was somewhat confusing, as the Senior Bowl is played early in the calendar year, typically several months before players are selected by teams in theNFL draft.Additionally, both coaching staffs for the 1993 game came from AFC teams. In 1994, team designations were reverted to the North vs. South format. In 2021, the bowl moved to American and National team designations.[19]

The two teams are coached by coaching staffs that are selected from two NFL teams. In recent years, the coaching staffs have come from teams who finished near the bottom of the league standings, but whose coaches were not subsequently terminated. Beginning with the 2022 edition, head coaches serve in more of an advisory capacity while promoting select assistants into leadership roles on the staff.[20]

Organizers stipulate a number of specific rules for the game, some of which are intended to reduce the chance of injury (e.g. "All blocks below the waist are prohibited" ), and others that simplify what the teams need to practice and prepare for (e.g. "Only four rushers allowed, no 5-man pressures or blitzes from secondary permitted" ).[21]The game is also the players' first time competing under the slightly different professional rules (e.g. receivers must have both feet inbounds for a legal catch vs. just one foot inbounds in college football).

The week-long practice that precedes the game is attended by key NFL personnel (includingcoaches,general managersandscouts), who oversee the players as possible prospects for professional football. Athletes sometimes decline invitations to participate in the Senior Bowl, opting instead to prepare for theNFL scouting combineor their college'spro day.[22]

The single-season record for number of players sent to the Senior Bowl from one school is 10 byAlabamain 1987, followed by nine sent byAuburnin 1988 andUSCin 2008.[23]

Dan LynchofWashington Statewas the first (and to date only) player to appear in two Senior Bowls (1984 and 1985), having been granted an extra year of eligibility after the 1984 game.[24]In 2013, two players (D. J. FlukerandJustin Pugh) with a year of college football eligibility remaining, but who had already graduated, became the first "fourth-year juniors" to be granted clearance to play in the Senior Bowl.[25]

Game results

[edit]
Key
North win South win
American or AFC win National or NFC win
Tie
Date North / AFC / American team South / NFC / National team Series
Coach Coach's team Score Score Coach's team Coach
January 7, 1950 Bo McMillin Detroit Lions 13 22 New York Giants Steve Owen South, 1–0
January 6, 1951 Bo McMillin Detroit Lions 18 19 New York Giants Steve Owen South, 2–0
January 5, 1952 Paul Brown Cleveland Browns 20 6 New York Giants Steve Owen South, 2–1
January 3, 1953 Paul Brown Cleveland Browns 28 13 New York Giants Steve Owen Tied, 2–2
January 9, 1954 Paul Brown Cleveland Browns 20 14 New York Giants Steve Owen North, 3–2
January 8, 1955 Paul Brown Cleveland Browns 6 12 New York Giants Steve Owen Tied, 3–3
January 7, 1956 Buddy Parker Detroit Lions 2 12 Cleveland Browns Paul Brown South, 4–3
January 5, 1957 Joe Kuharich Washington Redskins 7 21 Cleveland Browns Paul Brown South, 5–3
January 11, 1958 Joe Kuharich Washington Redskins 15 13 Cleveland Browns Paul Brown South, 5–4
January 3, 1959 Joe Kuharich Washington Redskins 12 21 Cleveland Browns Paul Brown South, 6–4
January 9, 1960 Jim Lee Howell New York Giants 26 7 Baltimore Colts Weeb Ewbank South, 6–5
January 7, 1961 Jim Lee Howell New York Giants 26 33 Baltimore Colts Weeb Ewbank South, 7–5
January 6, 1962 Tom Landry Dallas Cowboys 7 42 Baltimore Colts Weeb Ewbank South, 8–5
January 5, 1963 Tom Landry Dallas Cowboys 27 33 Baltimore Colts Weeb Ewbank South, 9–5
January 4, 1964 George Wilson Detroit Lions 21 28 Dallas Cowboys Tom Landry South, 10–5
January 9, 1965 George Wilson Detroit Lions 7 7 Dallas Cowboys Tom Landry South, 10–5–1
January 8, 1966 Mike Holovak Boston Patriots 18 27 New York Jets Weeb Ewbank South, 11–5–1
January 7, 1967 Norm Van Brocklin Atlanta Falcons 35 13 Washington Redskins Otto Graham South, 11–6–1
January 6, 1968 Mike Holovak Boston Patriots 21 34 Kansas City Chiefs Hank Stram South, 12–6–1
January 11, 1969 Allie Sherman New York Giants 27 16 St. Louis Cardinals Charley Winner South, 12–7–1
January 10, 1970 Lou Saban Denver Broncos 37 37 Baltimore Colts Don Shula South, 12–7–2
January 9, 1971 Lou Saban Denver Broncos 31 13 New York Jets Weeb Ewbank South, 12–8–2
January 8, 1972 Alex Webster New York Giants 21 26 New Orleans Saints J. D. Roberts South, 13–8–2
January 6, 1973 Lou Saban Buffalo Bills 30 33 New York Jets Weeb Ewbank South, 14–8–2
January 12, 1974 Mike McCormack Philadelphia Eagles 16 13 Detroit Lions Don McCafferty South, 14–9–2
January 11, 1975 John Ralston Denver Broncos 17 17 San Francisco 49ers Dick Nolan South, 14–9–3
January 11, 1976 Chuck Fairbanks New England Patriots 42 35 Chicago Bears Jack Pardee South, 14–10–3
January 8, 1977 Forrest Gregg Cleveland Browns 27 24 Miami Dolphins Don Shula South, 14–11–3
January 7, 1978 Don Coryell St. Louis Cardinals 17 14 Atlanta Falcons Leeman Bennett South, 14–12–3
January 13, 1979 Walt Michaels New York Jets 21 41 New Orleans Saints Dick Nolan South, 15–12–3
January 12, 1980 Bud Grant Minnesota Vikings 57 3 New York Giants Ray Perkins South, 15–13–3
January 17, 1981 Bill Walsh San Francisco 49ers 23 10 Denver Broncos Red Miller South, 15–14–3
January 16, 1982 Marv Levy Kansas City Chiefs 10 27 Pittsburgh Steelers Chuck Noll South, 16–14–3
January 22, 1983 Frank Kush Baltimore Colts 14 6 New Orleans Saints Bum Phillips South, 16–15–3
January 14, 1984 Kay Stephenson Buffalo Bills 20 21 San Diego Chargers Don Coryell South, 17–15–3
January 12, 1985 Jim Hanifan St. Louis Cardinals 7 23 Green Bay Packers Forrest Gregg South, 18–15–3
January 18, 1986 Dan Reeves Denver Broncos 31 17 Tampa Bay Buccaneers Leeman Bennett South, 18–16–3
January 17, 1987 John Robinson Los Angeles Rams 38 42 Miami Dolphins Don Shula South, 19–16–3
January 23, 1988 Chuck Knox Seattle Seahawks 21 7 New Orleans Saints Jim Mora South, 19–17–3
January 21, 1989 Dan Reeves Denver Broncos 12 13 Los Angeles Rams John Robinson South, 20–17–3
January 20, 1990 Marty Schottenheimer Kansas City Chiefs 41 0 Philadelphia Eagles Buddy Ryan South, 20–18–3
January 19, 1991 Marty Schottenheimer Kansas City Chiefs 38 28 New Orleans Saints Jim Mora AFC, 1–0
January 18, 1992 Art Shell Los Angeles Raiders 13 10 Chicago Bears Mike Ditka AFC, 2–0
January 16, 1993 Ted Marchibroda Indianapolis Colts 6 21 Cleveland Browns Bill Belichick AFC, 2–1
January 22, 1994 Rich Kotite Philadelphia Eagles 32 35 Miami Dolphins Don Shula South, 21–18–3
January 21, 1995 Dan Reeves New York Giants 7 14 Indianapolis Colts Ted Marchibroda South, 22–18–3
January 20, 1996 Dennis Erickson Seattle Seahawks 25 10 Chicago Bears Dave Wannstedt South, 22–19–3
January 18, 1997 Norv Turner Washington Redskins 35 14 Kansas City Chiefs Marty Schottenheimer South, 22–20–3
January 17, 1998 Ted Marchibroda Baltimore Ravens 8 31 Washington Redskins Norv Turner South, 23–20–3
January 23, 1999 Jon Gruden Oakland Raiders 21 31 Tampa Bay Buccaneers Tony Dungy South, 24–20–3
January 22, 2000 George Seifert Carolina Panthers 24 21 Kansas City Chiefs Gunther Cunningham South, 24–21–3
January 20, 2001 Bill Cowher Pittsburgh Steelers 16 21 Green Bay Packers Mike Sherman South, 25–21–3
January 26, 2002 Mike Holmgren Seattle Seahawks 26 41 Arizona Cardinals Dave McGinnis South, 26–21–3
January 18, 2003 Dom Capers Houston Texans 17 0 Detroit Lions Marty Mornhinweg South, 26–22–3
January 24, 2004 Marvin Lewis Cincinnati Bengals 10 28 San Diego Chargers Marty Schottenheimer South, 27–22–3
January 29, 2005 Norv Turner Oakland Raiders 23 13 Tampa Bay Buccaneers Jon Gruden South, 27–23–3
January 28, 2006 Jeff Fisher Tennessee Titans 31 14 San Francisco 49ers Mike Nolan South, 27–24–3
January 27, 2007 Jon Gruden Tampa Bay Buccaneers 27 0 San Francisco 49ers Mike Nolan South, 27–25–3
January 26, 2008 Lane Kiffin Oakland Raiders 16 17 San Francisco 49ers Mike Nolan South, 28–25–3
January 24, 2009 Marvin Lewis Cincinnati Bengals 18 35 Jacksonville Jaguars Jack Del Rio South, 29–25–3
January 30, 2010 Jim Schwartz Detroit Lions 31 13 Miami Dolphins Tony Sparano South, 29–26–3
January 29, 2011 Marvin Lewis Cincinnati Bengals 10 24 Buffalo Bills Chan Gailey South, 30–26–3
January 28, 2012 Leslie Frazier Minnesota Vikings 23 13 Washington Redskins Mike Shanahan South, 30–27–3
January 26, 2013 Dennis Allen Oakland Raiders 16 21 Detroit Lions Jim Schwartz South, 31–27–3
January 25, 2014 Mike Smith Atlanta Falcons 10 20 Jacksonville Jaguars Gus Bradley South, 32–27–3
January 24, 2015 Ken Whisenhunt Tennessee Titans 34 13 Jacksonville Jaguars Gus Bradley South, 32–28–3
January 30, 2016 Jason Garrett Dallas Cowboys 16 27 Jacksonville Jaguars Gus Bradley South, 33–28–3
January 28, 2017 John Fox Chicago Bears 15 16 Cleveland Browns Hue Jackson South, 34–28–3
January 27, 2018 Vance Joseph Denver Broncos 16 45 Houston Texans Bill O'Brien South, 35–28–3
January 26, 2019 Jon Gruden Oakland Raiders 34 24 San Francisco 49ers Kyle Shanahan South, 35–29–3
January 25, 2020 Matt Patricia Detroit Lions 34 17 Cincinnati Bengals Zac Taylor South, 35–30–3
January 30, 2021 Matt Rhule Carolina Panthers 24 27 Miami Dolphins Brian Flores National, 1–0
February 5, 2022 Duce Staley Detroit Lions 10 20 New York Jets Ron Middleton National, 2–0
February 4, 2023 Luke Getsy Chicago Bears 10 27 Las Vegas Raiders Patrick Graham National, 3–0
February 3, 2024 Jeff Ulbrich New York Jets 7 16 Tennessee Titans Terrell Williams National, 4–0
  • All-time series, through the 2024 game (75 editions): South (35–30–3); AFC (2–1); National (4–0)
  • The first game was played inJacksonville, Florida,in 1950. All subsequent games have been played inMobile, Alabama.

Game records

[edit]
Statistic Record, Team Year
Most points scored (winning team) 57, North 1980
Most points scored (losing team) 38, North 1987
Most points scored (both teams) 80(South 42, North 38) 1987
Fewest points allowed 0, North 1990
2003
2007
Largest margin of victory 54, North (57–3) 1980

Coaching appearances

[edit]
Marty Schottenheimerwon three of the four Senior Bowls he coached.

Seven people have served as head coach in four or more Senior Bowls.

Games Head coach W L T Win pct.
8 Paul Brown 6 2 – .750
7 Weeb Ewbank 5 2 – .714
6 Steve Owen 3 3 – .500
4 Marty Schottenheimer 3 1 – .750
4 Don Shula 2 1 1 .625
4 Jon Gruden 2 2 – .500
4 Tom Landry 1 2 1 .375

Games coached by NFL teams

[edit]
Ted Marchibrodaled theBaltimore Ravensstaff in their only time coaching the Senior Bowl (1998).

Each of the current 32 NFL teams has coached in at least one Senior Bowl. Records include games played under a franchise's prior names (e.g. Boston Patriots appearances are included in the record of the New England Patriots). Updated through the 2024 game (75 editions, 150 appearances).

Games NFL team W L T Win pct. Most recent
12 New York Giants 5 7 0 .417 1995
11 Cleveland Browns 9 2 0 .818 2017
11 Detroit Lions 3 7 1 .318 2022
8 Indianapolis Colts 5 2 1 .688 1995
7 Oakland Raiders 4 3 0 .571 2023
7 Denver Broncos 2 3 2 .429 2018
7 Washington Commanders 3 4 0 .429 2012
6 New York Jets 3 3 0 .500 2024
6 Kansas City Chiefs 3 3 0 .500 2000
6 San Francisco 49ers 2 3 1 .417 2019
5 Miami Dolphins 3 2 0 .600 2021
5 New Orleans Saints 2 3 0 .400 1991
5 Dallas Cowboys 1 3 1 .300 2016
5 Chicago Bears 0 5 0 .000 2023
4 Jacksonville Jaguars 3 1 0 .750 2016
4 Arizona Cardinals 2 2 0 .500 2002
4 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2 2 0 .500 2007
4 Cincinnati Bengals 0 4 0 .000 2020
3 Tennessee Titans 3 0 0 1.000 2024
3 Seattle Seahawks 2 1 0 .667 2002
3 Atlanta Falcons 1 2 0 .333 2014
3 Buffalo Bills 1 2 0 .333 2011
3 New England Patriots 1 2 0 .333 1976
3 Philadelphia Eagles 1 2 0 .333 1994
2 Green Bay Packers 2 0 0 1.000 2001
2 Houston Texans 2 0 0 1.000 2018
2 Los Angeles Chargers 2 0 0 1.000 2004
2 Minnesota Vikings 2 0 0 1.000 2012
2 Carolina Panthers 1 1 0 .500 2021
2 Los Angeles Rams 1 1 0 .500 1989
2 Pittsburgh Steelers 1 1 0 .500 2001
1 Baltimore Ravens 0 1 0 .000 1998

MVPs

[edit]

Source:[26][27][28]
† denotes an MVP whose college team was not part of the top tier of college football (e.g. FBS, Division I-A, or historical predecessors) at the time they played in the Senior Bowl. There have been four such MVPs: Terry Bradshaw (Louisiana Tech,1969 College Division season), Bill Kollar (Montana State,1973 Division II season), Neil Lomax (Portland State,1980 Division I–AA season), and Kyle Lauletta (Richmond,2017 FCS season).

Senior Bowl all-time teams

[edit]

In the below tables, a player's induction to theCollege Football Hall of FameorPro Football Hall of Fameis indicated the HOF column with aCorP,respectively.

50th anniversary

[edit]

The following team was selected by fan voting before the 1999 game:[29]

75th anniversary

[edit]

The following team was announced in November 2023, after selection via a combination of fan voting, a poll of NFL general managers, and "consideration from the Senior Bowl's selection committee."[30]

Special teams
Pos. Name College Year HOF
K Phil Dawson Texas 1998 – –
P Pat McAfee West Virginia 2009 – –
RS Darren Sproles Kansas State 2005 C –

Heisman Trophy winners

[edit]
Doak Walker,the 1948 Heisman Trophy winner, played in the inaugural Senior Bowl in 1950.

The following players who won theHeisman Trophyalso played in the Senior Bowl.[31][32]To date, the only Heisman Trophy winner to be named Senior Bowl MVP wasPat Sullivanin 1972.[33]

Player Pos. Heisman season Senior Bowl Ref.
Doak Walker HB 1948 1950 [34]
Alan Ameche FB 1954 1955 [35]
Pat Sullivan QB 1971 1972 [33]
John Cappelletti RB 1973 1974 [36]
Bo Jackson RB 1985 1986 [37]
Carson Palmer QB 2002 2003 [38]
Troy Smith QB 2006 2007 [39]
Tim Tebow QB 2007 2010 [40]
Baker Mayfield QB 2017 2018 [41]

2020 winnerDeVonta Smithaccepted an invitation to the2021 edition,[42]but did not play.

Senior Bowl Hall of Fame

[edit]
"Mean" Joe Greene,one of the 1988 inaugural inductees
1998 inducteeRay Nitschke
2008 inducteeKevin Mawae

Established in 1987, the Senior Bowl Hall of Fame seeks to pay tribute to the many outstanding former Senior Bowl players who have made lasting contributions to the game of football. The Senior Bowl Hall of Fame also allows enshrinement to former coaches, administrators and other individuals whose efforts helped the Senior Bowl.

Source:[49]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Texas A&I is now known as Texas A&M–Kingsville.
  2. ^North Texas State is now known as North Texas.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Mobile Arts & Sports Association Inc".Charity Navigator.RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  2. ^"Community – Charitable Giving".seniorbowl.RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  3. ^Stephenson, Creg (March 4, 2020)."Senior Bowl to be played at South Alabama's Hancock Whitney Stadium beginning in 2021".AL.RetrievedMarch 6,2020.
  4. ^"Winners Get $475, Losers $343 In Senior Bowl Tilt".The Miami News.January 8, 1950. p. 1-D.RetrievedNovember 12,2020– via newspapers.
  5. ^"Pro scouts flock to Senior Bowl".Fort Worth Star-Telegram.AP.January 5, 1975. p. 9-E.RetrievedNovember 17,2020– via newspapers.
  6. ^"Senior Bowl to stop paying players".The Santa Fe New Mexican.January 20, 1989. p. 16.RetrievedNovember 17,2020– via newspapers.
  7. ^"CBS to TV Senior Bowl".Fort Worth Star-Telegram.Associated Press.November 30, 1951. p. 17.RetrievedNovember 18,2020– via newspapers.
  8. ^Harwell, Hoyt (January 5, 1958). "Squad Members Arrive For Senior Bowl Game Saturday".The Salina Journal.Salina, Kansas.
  9. ^Shuck, Barry (January 25, 2021)."Origins and importance of the Senior Bowl".Dawgs By Nature.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2021.RetrievedMarch 8,2021.
  10. ^"Frequently Asked Questions".Reese's Senior Bowl.RetrievedMarch 8,2021.
  11. ^"Senior Bowl Players Are Admirals All".The Alexander City Outlook.Alexander City, Alabama. January 17, 1958.
  12. ^"College Bowl Schedule".The Indianapolis Star.January 1, 1982. p. 32.RetrievedNovember 17,2020– via newspapers.
  13. ^"NFL Notes".Fort Worth Star-Telegram.April 26, 2006. p. 9D.RetrievedNovember 18,2020– via newspapers.
  14. ^"Senior Bowl Teams Up With Reese's Brand".seniorbowl(Press release). 2013.RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  15. ^Inabinett, Mark (January 18, 2018)."Reese's extends title sponsorship of Senior Bowl".AL.RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  16. ^"Trademark APPROVED!".Senior Bowl. April 24, 2020. Archived fromthe originalon December 23, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021– viaInstagram.
  17. ^"Panini America and Reese's Senior Bowl Sign Exclusive Multi-Year Agreement".seniorbowl(Press release). October 22, 2020.RetrievedNovember 17,2020.
  18. ^"Louisville's Nagle to play in Senior".The Anniston Star.Anniston, Alabama.AP.January 3, 1991. p. 4B.RetrievedNovember 11,2020– via newspapers.
  19. ^"Rosters".seniorbowl.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021.
  20. ^"Detroit Lions and New York Jets Named Coaching Staffs for 2022 Reese's Senior Bowl".seniorbowl.Reese's Senior Bowl.
  21. ^"Game Rules".seniorbowl.RetrievedDecember 29,2019.
  22. ^Brugler, Dane (January 14, 2015)."2015 NFL Draft: UCLA QB Brett Hundley declines Senior Bowl".CBSSports.Archivedfrom the original on January 29, 2015.
  23. ^Low, Chris (January 22, 2008)."Former Trojans happy to be reunited with Kiffin".ESPN.
  24. ^"Cougars set to add to Hall of Fame".The Spokesman-Review.Spokane, Washington.April 16, 2006. p. 30.RetrievedDecember 24,2019– via newspapers.
  25. ^"First non-seniors to compete in Senior Bowl".CBS Sports.January 19, 2013. Archived fromthe originalon June 1, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 19,2013.
  26. ^"Game Scores/MVPs".seniorbowl.Archived fromthe originalon March 3, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 26,2019– viaWayback Machine.
  27. ^@CregStephenson (February 4, 2023)."Fresno State QB Jake Haener is your 2023 Senior Bowl MVP"(Tweet).RetrievedFebruary 4,2023– viaTwitter.
  28. ^Harvey, Paul (February 3, 2024)."Spencer Rattler shines with Senior Bowl MVP honors".saturdaydownsouth.RetrievedFebruary 3,2024.
  29. ^"All-Time Senior Bowl Team".seniorbowl.Archived fromthe originalon November 4, 2013.RetrievedMay 25,2017– viaWayback Machine.
  30. ^"Senior Bowl Announces 75th Anniversary Team".seniorbowl.November 14, 2023.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
  31. ^@CregStephenson (January 18, 2021)."Best I can tell, DeVonta Smith will be the 10th Heisman winner to participate in the @seniorbowl"(Tweet).RetrievedJanuary 18,2021– viaTwitter.
  32. ^"Senior Bowl survives without Ward, other Heisman winners".Pensacola News Journal.Pensacola, Florida.January 13, 1994. p. 5D.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021– via newspapers.
  33. ^abHyland, Frank (January 9, 1972)."Arm of Sullivan Active Again".The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.p. 2-D.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021– via newspapers.
  34. ^Leslie, Bill (January 8, 1950)."Travis Tidwell Outshines Field As South Wins Senior Bowl 22-13".Johnson City Press-Chronicle.Johnson City, Tennessee.UP.p. 11.RetrievedNovember 11,2020– via newspapers.
  35. ^"South Rallies To Win Senior Bowl Contest".Palladium-Item.Richmond, Indiana.AP.January 9, 1955. p. 16.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021– via newspapers.
  36. ^"North wins Senior Bowl".The Baltimore Sun.AP.January 13, 1974. p. B10.RetrievedJanuary 18,2021– via newspapers.
  37. ^"Lesser-Known Players Shine In North Senior Bowl Win".The Sheboygan Press.Sheboygan, Wisconsin.AP.January 20, 1986. p. 21.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021– via newspapers.
  38. ^Vilona, Bill (January 19, 2003)."North blanks South in Senior Bowl".Wausau Daily Herald.Wausau, Wisconsin.p. 6D.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021– via newspapers.
  39. ^Reeves, Jay (January 28, 2007)."Troy Smith engineers 3 TDs in North's 27-0 Senior Bowl win".Times Recorder.Zanesville, Ohio.p. 6B.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021– via newspapers.
  40. ^"Gilyard's big plays outshine Tim Tebow in Senior Bowl".Public Opinion.Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.AP.January 31, 2010. p. 3B.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021– via newspapers.
  41. ^"North vs. South - Box Score".ESPN.January 27, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021.
  42. ^Heim, Mark (January 18, 2021)."Alabama's DeVonta Smith accepts Senior Bowl invitation".MSN.RetrievedJanuary 19,2021.
  43. ^"Kollar, Holt and Ware Join HOF".seniorbowl(Press release). 2014.RetrievedFebruary 4,2023.
  44. ^"Senior Bowl to add 3 to Hall of Fame, Honor Jalyn Armour-Davis".WKRG.March 8, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 9,2018.
  45. ^"Hudson, McNeil, Neighbors to be inducted into HOF".seniorbowl(Press release). January 14, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 4,2023.
  46. ^"2021 Senior Bowl Hall of Fame".seniorbowl(Press release). 2021.RetrievedFebruary 4,2023.
  47. ^"Senior Bowl Hall of Fame Class of 2022".seniorbowl(Press release). April 21, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 4,2023.
  48. ^"Senior Bowl Announces Hall of Fame Class of 2023," SeniorBowl, Sunday, June 25, 2023.Retrieved June 26, 2023.
  49. ^"Hall of Fame Members".seniorbowl.RetrievedFebruary 3,2024.

Further reading

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[edit]
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